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Hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) vectors are particulate forms of the Sendai virus, and are characterized by maintained cell membrane fusion activities and completely inactivated genomes. HVJ-E vectors can be safely used as a non-viral transfection tools for laboratory research without the need for special protocols or equipment. HV...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... 24 h, delivery of an miRNA mimic (Dharmacon RNAi Technologies) targeted at CyB was performed using HVJ-E vectors. Subsequent Western blot analysis at 48 h after transfection indicated a high inhibitory effect at the protein level ( Figure 3A). Moreover, after stimulation of primary B cells with anti-CD40 antibody and lipopolysaccharide (1 μg/ml) a specific knockdown effect was observed ( Figure 3B). ...
Citations
... 51 The HVJ-E vector (hemagglutinin virus of Japan-envelope) has been shown to rapidly deliver proteins and oligonucleotides into BHK21 cells by membrane fusion. 66 To confer target-specificity and safety to these particles, HVJ-E was coupled with maghemite MNPs. ...
Aim:
The advantages and critical aspects of nano-dimensional polymer-coated viral vector systems potentially applicable for gene delivery are reviewed in this article.
Discussion:
Various viral and non-viral vectors have been explored for gene therapy. Viral gene transfer methods though highly efficient, are limited by their immunogenicity. Non-viral vectors have lower transfection efficiency due to their inability to escape from the endosome. To overcome these drawbacks, novel nanotechnology-mediated interventions that involve coating or modification of virus using polymers have emerged as a new paradigm in gene therapy. These alterations not only modify the tropism of the virus but also reduce their undesirable interactions with the biological system. Also, co-encapsulation of other therapeutic agents in the polymeric coating may serve to augment the treatment efficacy. The viral particles can aid endosomal escape as well as nuclear targeting thereby enhancing the transfection efficiency.
Conclusion:
The integration of the desirable properties of both viral and non-viral vectors has been found beneficial for gene therapy by enhancing the transduction efficiency and minimizing the immune response. However, it is essential to ensure that these attempts should not compromise on the inherent ability of viruses to target and internalize into the cells and escape the endosomes.
... This method of siRNA transfection and delivery has been successfully used in developing zebra finches (Beach and Wade, 2015). The viral genome of HVJ-E is inactive, with only the cell membrane fusion properties intact, allowing effective delivery of siRNAs into cells without eliciting a cytotoxic response (Kato et al., 2013). ...
Large sexual dimorphisms exist in the zebra finch song system. Masculinization may be mediated by both estradiol and expression of one or more Z-genes (males: ZZ; females: ZW). Roles of the Z-gene tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in HVC in masculinizing both it and its target the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) were tested using siRNA administration in juvenile males at two ages (post-hatching days 15-17 or 25-27). Birds were euthanized 10 days later. Potential interactions or additive effects with estradiol were evaluated by treating males with the estrogen synthesis inhibitor fadrozole. Females treated with estradiol were also exposed to the siRNA at the later age. Local inhibition of TrkB in males of both ages reduced the volume of HVC, an effect due to a change in cell number and not cell size. In the older males, in which the treatment spanned the period when the projection from HVC to RA grows, TrkB inhibition reduced the volume of RA and the relative number of cells within it. TrkB siRNA in HVC decreased the volume of and soma size in the RA of females, and the projection from HVC to RA in both sexes. Estradiol in females masculinized various aspects of the song system, and its effect in masculinizing the volume of RA was decreased by TrkB inhibition. However, effects of fadrozole in males were limited. The data indicate that TrkB is involved in masculinizing the song system, but for most measures it probably does not work in concert with E2.
... The hemaglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ) binds cell surface sialic receptors though its HN protein and the F protein mediates the fusion of the virus envelope with the cell membrane, delivering the viral genome into the cell. The relative ease with which exogenous genetic loads (pDNA, siRNA, miRNA, oligonucleotides) can be incorporated directly into inactivated HVJ constitutes an efficient way of generating non-viral vectors with enhanced efficiency for clinical applications (reviewed in [36]). ...
The emergence of genetic engineering at the beginning of the 1970′s opened the era of biomedical technologies, which aims to improve human health using genetic manipulation techniques in a clinical context. Gene therapy represents an innovating and appealing strategy for treatment of human diseases, which utilizes vehicles or vectors for delivering therapeutic genes into the patients' body. However, a few past unsuccessful events that negatively marked the beginning of gene therapy resulted in the need for further studies regarding the design and biology of gene therapy vectors, so that this innovating treatment approach can successfully move from bench to bedside. In this paper, we review the major gene delivery vectors and recent improvements made in their design meant to overcome the issues that commonly arise with the use of gene therapy vectors. At the end of the manuscript, we summarized the main advantages and disadvantages of common gene therapy vectors and we discuss possible future directions for potential therapeutic vectors.
... This haemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E; Genome-ONE-Neo EX HVJ-E; Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan) is a replication-incompetent vector developed from the Sendai virus (33). The viral genome is inactive, and only the cell membrane fusion properties are intact, allowing effective delivery of siRNAs into cells without eliciting a cytotoxic response (34). ...
Robust sex differences in brain and behaviour exist in zebra finches. Only males sing, and forebrain song control regions are more developed in males. Factors driving these differences are not clear, but numerous experiments have shown that oestradiol (E2 ) administered to female hatchlings partially masculinizes brain and behaviour. Recent studies suggest that increased expression of Z-chromosome genes in males (ZZ; females: ZW) might also play a role. The Z-gene tubulin specific chaperone A (TBCA) exhibits increased expression in the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium (LMAN) of juvenile males compared to females; TBCA+ cells project to the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA). Here we investigated the role of TBCA and tested hypotheses regarding interactive or additive effects of E2 and TBCA. We first examined whether E2 in hatchling zebra finches modulates TBCA expression in LMAN. It affected neither the mRNA nor protein in either sex. We then unilaterally delivered TBCA siRNA to the LMAN of developing females treated with E2 or vehicle and males treated with the aromatase inhibitor, fadrozole, or its control. In both sexes, decreasing TBCA in LMAN reduced RA cell number, cell size, and volume. It also decreased LMAN volume in females. Fadrozole in males increased LMAN volume and RA cell size. TBCA siRNA delivered to LMAN also decreased the projection from this brain region to RA, as indicated by anterograde tract tracing. The results suggest that TBCA is involved in masculinizing the song system. However, as no interactions between the siRNA and hormone manipulations were detected, TBCA does not appear to modulate effects of E2 in the zebra finch song circuit. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
