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Definitions of skin firmness, skin suppleness and skin elasticity applied in the study. Ue = immediate distensibility, Uf = total skin distensibility, Ur = immediate recovery, Ur/Ue = net elasticity, Ur/Uf = ratio of elastic recovery to distensibility.
Source publication
Three studies were conducted with three new dexpanthenol-containing emollients containing increasing lipid contents (Emollients 1–3) to assess their performances in healthy adults with dry skin. All three studies (N = 42 each) followed virtually the same design. A single skin application of the study product was performed followed by once-daily usa...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... Ur/Ue and Ur/Uf are elasticity parameters which decrease with aging [22,23]. The proportion of subjects for whom there was an improvement of skin firmness, skin suppleness, and skin elasticity- as defined in Figure 1-were calculated and entitled "positive subjects". Biomechanical skin measurements were conducted on each of the two test areas (A1 and A2) at baseline and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. ...
Context 2
... all comparisons with baseline, once-daily application of Emollient 1 induced a significant increase in the skin elasticity parameters Ur/Ue and Ur/Uf. The proportions of "positive subjects" (i.e., those who showed improved skin elasticity parameters compared with baseline, as defined in Figure 1) were 61.9, 61.9, 61.9, and 64.3% at days 7, 14, 21, and 28, respectively. In the untreated control area (A2), no increases in Ur/Ue and Ur/Uf from baseline were observed. ...
Context 3
... all comparisons with baseline, once-daily application of Emollient 2 induced a significant increase in the skin elasticity parameters Ur/Ue and Ur/Uf. The proportion of "positive subjects" (i.e., those who showed improved skin elasticity parameters compared with baseline, as defined in Figure 1) was 59.5, 66.7, 73.8, and 78.6% at days 7, 14, 21, and 28, respectively. In the untreated control area (A2), Ur/Ue and Ur/Uf values remained essentially unchanged over the course of the study (data not shown). ...
Context 4
... this applied to both treated and untreated skin. In fact, no relevant bilateral differences between Emollient 3-treated SLSdamaged skin area (A3) and the untreated SLS-damaged skin area (A4) were observed ( Figure 10). Figure 10. ...
Context 5
... fact, no relevant bilateral differences between Emollient 3-treated SLSdamaged skin area (A3) and the untreated SLS-damaged skin area (A4) were observed ( Figure 10). Figure 10. Results from TEWL measurements in untreated SLS-damaged skin and SLS-damaged skin undergoing a single application of Emollient 3 (first 48 h) followed by once-daily application for 12 days. ...
Context 6
... all comparisons with baseline, once-daily application of Emollient 3 produced a significant increase in the skin elasticity parameters Ur/Ue and Ur/Uf. The proportion of "positive subjects" (i.e., those who showed improved skin elasticity parameters compared with baseline, as defined in Figure 1) was 65.9, 68.3, 73.2, and 80.5% at days 7, 14, 21, and 28, respectively. In the untreated control area (A2), Ur/Ue and Ur/Uf values remained virtually unchanged over the course of the study (data not shown). . ...
Citations
... Dexpanthenol-containing skin-care agents have been explored in several settings (Table 3). They have been shown to be well tolerated (45) and effective in terms of moisturizing, soothing, and maintaining the integrity of the skin barrier when applied as a wash product and as part of a sun-care cream (46). Other studies have suggested that these agents provide rapid relief from the signs and symptoms of skin inflammation, are pleasant to use, and do not affect microbiome diversity (56,57). ...
In dry skin (DS), skin-barrier function is easily disturbed and moisturizing factors in the stratum corneum are reduced. Despite being a common condition, DS is often overlooked in patients with advanced age or comorbid diseases. In September 2022, specialists in dermatology and skin care met to discuss unmet needs and management of patients with DS with existing medical conditions or DS induced by ongoing pharmacological treatments. There was consensus about the need to improve the current understanding and management of DS in patients with comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, radiodermatitis, and photodamaged skin. Clinical guidance related to optimal treatment of DS in patients with advanced age or comorbid diseases is needed. Dexpanthenol-containing emollients have been shown to provide rapid relief from the symptoms and clinical signs of skin inflammation and are well-tolerated and effective in terms of moisturizing and soothing DS and maintaining skin-barrier function. Thus, dexpanthenol-containing emollients may play an important role in future management of DS. Further research is needed to elucidate the efficacy of dexpanthenol across the spectrum of DS, irrespective of comorbidity status or age.
... The results achieved demonstrated the formulation considerably reduced TEWL, increasing the SC water content, and subsequently improving the SC hydration [136]. Another three open-label, randomized, intraindividual comparison studies between three different emollient formulations with the same concentration of dexpanthenol in healthy adult subjects with dry and sensitive skin confirmed that the formulations significantly improve skin elasticity parameters with high cutaneous tolerance [138]. Formulations containing dexpanthenol contribute to smoothing and hydrating injured skin, after tattooing procedures, therefore reinforcing the ability to maintain the skin barrier integrity [139]. ...
... Dexpanthenol may improve skin hydration directly due to its high hygroscopicity, promoting moisture content retention. Additionally, D-panthenol was also found to increase the interaction with lipid segments of the extracellular lamellae and protein residues in the SC corneocytes, therefore boosting molecular mobility/fluidity [138,143]. By this mechanism, dexpanthenol can directly compensate for the reduced hydration and increased rigidity of the SC lipid lamellae and keratin filaments, characteristics of dry skin [138,143]. ...
... Additionally, D-panthenol was also found to increase the interaction with lipid segments of the extracellular lamellae and protein residues in the SC corneocytes, therefore boosting molecular mobility/fluidity [138,143]. By this mechanism, dexpanthenol can directly compensate for the reduced hydration and increased rigidity of the SC lipid lamellae and keratin filaments, characteristics of dry skin [138,143]. On the other hand, D-panthenol may promote coenzyme A production and, consequently, acetyl CoA, an essential player in the fatty acid and sphingolipid synthesis reaction cascade. Thus, it contributes indirectly to skin hydration, replacing the essential lipids composition and, therefore, restoring SC integrity [144]. ...
Skin repair encompasses epidermal barrier repair and wound healing which involves multiple cellular and molecular stages. Therefore, many skin repair strategies have been proposed. In order to characterize the usage frequency of skin repair ingredients in cosmetics, medicines, and medical devices, commercialized in Portuguese pharmacies and parapharmacies, a comprehensive analysis of the products’ composition was performed. A total of 120 cosmetic products, collected from national pharmacies online platforms, 21 topical medicines, and 46 medical devices, collected from INFARMED database, were included in the study, revealing the top 10 most used skin repair ingredients in these categories. A critical review regarding the effectiveness of the top ingredients was performed and an in-depth analysis focused on the top three skin repair ingredients pursued. Results demonstrated that top three most used cosmetic ingredients were metal salts and oxides (78.3%), vitamin E and its derivatives (54.2%), and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. extract and actives (35.8%). Regarding medicines, metal salts and oxides were also the most used (47.4%) followed by vitamin B5 and derivatives (23.8%), and vitamin A and derivatives (26.3%). Silicones and derivatives were the most common skin repair ingredients in medical devices (33%), followed by petrolatum and derivatives (22%) and alginate (15%). This work provides an overview of the most used skin repair ingredients, highlighting their different mechanisms of action, aiming to provide an up-to-date tool to support health professionals’ decisions.
... It is also one of the most irritating surfactant components and is widely used in cleanser, shampoo, and shower gel. However, due to its strong degreasing power, it is easy to cause damage to sensitive skin (Wu and Hettiarachchy, 1998;Gabard et al., 2010;Petersen et al., 2010;Stettler et al., 2021). SLS is also a common positive control for human skin irritation model patch tests. ...
... medicine, cosmetics, and other fields. It is often functioned as a foaming agent for facial cleanser, toothpaste gel, and shampoo (Petersen et al., 2010;Stettler et al., 2021). However, excessive use of SLS will also cause a series of side effects, especially skin mucosal damage and allergic reactions, which are manifested as severe itching, dry peeling, and redness of the skin. ...
A. truncatum Bunge (Sapindaceae or formerly Aceraceae) is a tall deciduous tree native to China. Traditionally, the leaves of A. truncatum are decocted and used by Chinese Mongolians, Koreans, and Tibetans to treat skin itching, dry cracks, and other skin ailments, which indicates A. truncatum leaves may have a potential inhibitory effect on various skin inflammations. To examine the protective effect against skin inflammations of A. truncatum leaf extract (ATLE), an in vitro dermatitis model was established using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SLS)-induced HaCaT cells. The antiinflammatory effect of ATLE was evaluated by analyzing cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. Orthogonal experiments showed that the pretreatment with ATLE can reduce the IL-6 levels, PGE2 levels, and apoptosis increased in SLS-stimulated HaCaT cells, which indicates that ATLE has positive efficacy for dermatitis. Furthermore, three flavonoid compounds kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, kaempferol-3,7-di-O-α-L-rhamnoside, and 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (PGG) were isolated and identified. Among them, kaempferol-3,7-di-O-α-L-rhamnoside was isolated from this plant for the first time. These compounds have been proven to have an anti-inflammatory effect. They may contribute to the efficacy of A. truncatumin treating skin inflammation. The results revealed that ATLE has the potential to be used as an additive in various skin care products to prevent skin inflammations and may be incorporated in formulations for topical application as a therapeutic approach against dermatitis.
... Due to its extremely hygroscopic characteristics, dexpanthenol provides notable humectant effects. Topical dexpanthenol improves skin hydration and reduces transepidermal water loss (TEWL), thus maintaining the skin's smoothness and elasticity [40,41,59]. According to the evaluation of average moisture retention for 5 h, dexpanthenol mediates sustained tissue moisturizing effects [60]. ...
... For healthy volunteers with dry skin, topical dexpanthenol-containing emollients (oil-in-water formulation) were topically applied like cosmetic products for daily care over four weeks [59]. The dexpanthenol formulation induced a significant increase in skin elasticity as measured by Cutometer ® MPA580 (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany), skin hydration, TEWL, and SC lipid contents. ...
Background:
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease of multiple phenotypes and endotypes, and is highly prevalent in children. Many people of all ages, including active adolescents, pregnant women, and the elderly, suffer from AD, experiencing chronicity, flares, and unexpected relapse. Dexpanthenol has multiple pharmacological effects and has been employed to treat various skin disorders such as AD. We aimed to summarize the up-to-date evidence relating to dexpanthenol and to provide a consensus on how to use dexpanthenol effectively for the treatment of AD.
Methods:
The evidence to date on the application and efficacy of dexpanthenol in AD was reviewed. The literature search focused on dexpanthenol use and the improvement of skin barrier function, the prevention of acute flares, and its topical corticosteroid (TCS) sparing effects. Evidence and recommendations for special groups such as pregnant women, and the effects of dexpanthenol and emollient plus in maintenance therapy, were also summarized.
Results:
Dexpanthenol is effective and well-tolerated for the treatment of AD. Dexpanthenol improves skin barrier function, reduces acute and frequent flares, has a significant TCS sparing effect, and enhances wound healing for skin lesions.
Conclusion:
This review article provides helpful advice for clinicians and patients on the proper maintenance treatment of AD. Dexpanthenol, as an active ingredient in ointments or emollients, is suitable for the treatment and maintenance of AD. This paper will guide dermatologists and clinicians to consider dexpanthenol as a treatment option for mild to moderate AD.
... As this was an exploratory study, no formal sample size calculation was performed, and no primary and secondary variables were specified. Based on prior experience with similarly designed investigations, it was assumed that informative results could be obtained with the chosen sample size [5][6][7]. ...
... The high level of product acceptability/satisfaction among the overwhelming majority of study participants confirmed that ND-HC provides the required traits and attributes of a modern hand cream. The skin-hydrating effect of ND-HC, which we observed in our trial, was in accordance with earlier studies using topical skin care products (body lotions, face creams) with comparable principal components [5,7]. In these 4-week studies, daily use of the topical skin care products triggered a significant increase in hydration of the volar forearms and face, respectively, in dry skin suffers. ...
... Although we enrolled subjects with sensitive skin in our study, ND-HC was well tolerated and achieved a high level of product acceptance/satisfaction. This concurs with previous studies using topical skin care products with comparable principal components [5,7]. ...
A new dexpanthenol-containing hand cream (ND-HC) was developed for people with dry, sensitive, and/or environmentally stressed hands. To explore the performance and acceptability of ND-HC, we conducted a randomized, intraindividual comparison study in 40 healthy adult subjects with sensitive and very dry skin on the hands. Instrumental measurements determined the effects on stratum corneum (SC) hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) after single and/or 4 weeks’ use of ND-HC. Single and continued at least four times daily applications of ND-HC to very dry skin of the hand for 4 weeks triggered significant increases in SC hydration. On day 29, the mean change in skin capacitance from baseline was significantly greater when ND-HC was applied to the test area compared with the untreated area on the contralateral hand (12.41 vs. 4.46 a.u.; p < 0.001). Upon use of ND-HC over 4 weeks, mean TEWL decreased significantly (bilateral difference: −1.8 vs. 1.0 g/m2/h; p = 0.003), indicating an improvement in SC barrier function. A reduction in dry hand symptoms was observed over the study course. ND-HC was well tolerated and achieved a high level of acceptance and satisfaction. Our findings suggest that ND-HC complies with the required features of a state-of-the-art hand cream.
... Quantification of SC lipids involved in the barrier function of SC (i.e., ceramides, cholesterol, free fatty acids) was carried out as described previously [21]. Two skin surface samples (swab samplings) were collected at baseline and on days 7 and 28. ...
... To study the effects of DFC on skin elasticity, the Cutometer ® MPA580 (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) was used [21,[23][24][25][26]. In our study, the parameters R2 (overall elasticity of the skin), R5 (net elasticity), and R7 (ratio of elastic recovery to the total deformation) were derived from the deformation by time curve [24]. ...
... In addition, lipids necessary for skin barrier function were replenished. The observed SC hydrating effects were in agreement with previous trials using emollients with a similar composition [16,21]. Considering recent research, it may be inferred that the favorable effects on skin hydration mediated by DFC, DFC-SPF, and NFC are triggered by their key ingredients which likely act in a synergistic/additive fashion. ...
Three novel face creams containing dexpanthenol with different lipid contents were developed for dry skin sufferers: a day face cream (DFC), a day face cream with sun protection (DFC-SPF), and a night face cream (NFC). Three identically designed studies (N = 42–44 each) were conducted with healthy adults of three ethnicities (African, Asian, Caucasian) with dry/sensitive skin. Effects on stratum corneum (SC) hydration, SC lipid content, and skin elasticity were quantified by established noninvasive methods during the 4-week studies. After single and repeated once-daily applications of the face creams, facial hydration significantly increased from baseline. On day 28, the mean increments in skin hydration amounted to 27%, 26%, and 27% (p < 0.0001 each) for DFC, DFC-SPF, and NFC, respectively. Favorable effects of DFC, DFC-SPF, and NFC on facial moisturization were observed in all three ethnic groups. The enhancements in SC hydration were not paralleled by improvements in skin elasticity parameters but lipid analyses showed significant increases in SC cholesterol, SC free fatty acid, and/or SC ceramide levels. All three face creams were well tolerated and achieved a high product satisfaction and acceptability by study participants. Our findings support the once-daily use of the face creams in adults of different ethnicities with dry and sensitive skin.
... For the same reason, no formal sample size calculation was performed. Based on historical data from similar studies, it was expected that scientifically reliable results could be gathered with the selected sample size [10,14]. Study 1 was a randomized, open-label, intraindividual comparison study in healthy adults with dry skin. ...
... Both groups visited the study center on day 0 (baseline) and study days 1, 2, 7, and 14. In the group 1 subjects, skin barrier dysfunction was experimentally induced at one skin area on each volar forearm via the application of 0.8% SLS (1 mL) under a semiocclusive patch (Tegaderm ® , 3M Health Care, Neuss, Germany) for 24 h, as reported previously [10]. Subjects undergoing the SLS challenge had an additional study visit on day -1 to have the SLS and patch applied. ...
... Generally, the inclusion and exclusion criteria were in line with a previous study that was recently conducted at the same study center using topical dexpanthenol-containing cosmetic body emollients [10]. ...
Two novel body/face wash gels enriched with emollient ingredients (including dexpanthenol) were developed for the daily care of dry skin. Two similarly designed 2-week studies (N = 42 each) were conducted to assess the biophysical and cosmetic performance of each of the new wash gels in healthy adults with dry skin. Instrumental measurements quantified the effects of the wash gels on stratum corneum (SC) hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) (with and without a previous sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) challenge) after single and repeated usage. Following single and repeated applications of the face wash gel to facial skin, as well as to dry SLS-undamaged and SLS-damaged skin of the forearm, skin hydration significantly increased. Similarly, after single and repeated usage of the body wash gel to dry SLS-undamaged and SLS-damaged skin of the forearm, skin moisturization increased significantly from baseline; comparisons with control areas provided inconsistent results for SLS-undamaged skin. No effects on TEWL were observed for either product. Both wash gels were well tolerated and the cosmetic performances were appreciated by the subjects. The study results suggest that daily use of the new wash gels was associated with significant skin-moisturizing effects without adversely affecting skin barrier function and repair.
Emollients are the mainstay maintenance treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD). A novel generation of emollients, ‘emollients plus’, containing active, non-medicated substances, has softened the distinction between emollients and topical drugs. A literature search for selected key words was performed using PubMed. Additional papers were identified based on author expertise. Whilst the inclusion of five components of an ideal emollient has been proposed, no such consensus exists for emollients plus and they can vary markedly in their composition and modes of action for AD treatment. This could have a profound effect on their clinical efficacy. The efficacy of emollients plus in restoring and maintaining skin barrier function has been demonstrated on multiple levels, with evidence reported for their effects on the physical and biochemical, microbial, immunological, and neurosensory barriers. When selecting an appropriate AD treatment approach, the safety profiles of the available topical therapies must be carefully considered. There are several proposed treatment approaches for AD, including preventive, proactive, intermittent, and synergistic approaches. Emollients plus may be effective not only as maintenance therapy for AD, but also when used synergistically with anti-inflammatory pharmacological therapies.
