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Highlights
We report results regarding youth couch surfing and homelessness from a national survey.
Youth couch surfing is a common experience, although far more so for young adults than adolescents.
There are notable differences between youth reporting homelessness versus only couch surfing.
Couch surfing encompasses a range of experiences, some o...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... 13 (6%) of the youth experienced couch surfing but no literal homelessness. Table 2 In several economic, educational, and social respects, the results suggest that youth reporting homelessness only and homelessness plus couch surfing are similar to each other, and that there are marked differences, on average, between these two groups and youth reporting couch surfing only. Reported household income was lower on average among young people who reported homelessness-both with and without couch surfing-than those who reported couch surfing only, e.g., 53.3% (41.6-64.6%) of those reporting both, and 47.3% (31.3-63.9%) of those reporting only homelessness, reported annual household income below $24,000, compared to 37.3% (31.0-44.1%) of those reporting only couch surfing, though this was higher than for 18- to 25-year-olds reporting neither experience in the last 12 months (23.7%; 21.7-25.8%). ...
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Purpose:
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Methods:
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Citations
... Homelessness for this reason often operates more along a "spectrum" than exists as a discrete state. It is in fact common for one to move from a life on the street to a relative's or friend's couch [36] and back (a few times) before being able to fully re-transition to stable housing. For this reason, we created variables that captured generic housing instability (irrespective of housing type) as well as instability specific to secure (own home/apartment/room, etc.) and non-secure (car, hotel/motel, outdoors, etc.) housing stays. ...
Young adults experiencing homelessness (YAEH) are faced with instabilities in many areas of their lives, including their living situation, employment, and income. Little is known about how the experience of instability in these different domains might be associated with substance use. Leveraging data collected on 276 YAEH in Los Angeles County, regression analyses examine associations between three distinct types of instability (housing, employment, income) and participants’ self-reported alcohol use, alcohol consequences, non-cannabis drug use, and substance use symptoms. Results indicated that recent instability in income, employment, and secure housing for those with access to it (but not housing in general or non-secure housing) were significantly associated with greater alcohol/drug use or substance use symptoms. Depression was also found to moderate the association between employment instability and alcohol use. Our findings suggest that efforts to reduce instability in income, employment, and secure housing may have positive benefits for substance using YAEH, especially those with depressive symptoms.
... These included living in poverty, relying on welfare and assistance services, higher levels and severity of mental and physical health problems when compared to general populations, and ongoing experiences of stigmatisation and socio-spatial exclusion (Fahnøe, 2018;Gerull, 2018;Hall, 2017;Sowa, 2022). Homeless young people are used to ensuring the means of their own survival and many have had to develop coping strategies which draw on expert street knowledge, and strategic alliances with licit and illicit networks, organisations, and institutions (Beierle and Hoch, 2017;Curry et al., 2017;Mücher, 2010;Reißig and Hoch, 2018;Roy, 2016). Previous research has shown that homeless young people often survive by establishing complex networks of interdependent relationships (Roy, et al., 2015). ...
This research explores effects of the pandemic on the everyday lives and lived realities of homeless young people in three cities in different countries: Nuremberg (Germany), Copenhagen (Denmark) and Manchester (United Kingdom). We focus on young people between the ages of 18 and 29 who have experienced homelessness. In addition, we explore how three different social welfare organisations worked to provide practical and emotional support to homeless young people during the pandemic.
... Couch-surfingalso referred to as precarious housing is a common form of homelessness experienced by youth. It is 3-4 times more prevalent than unsheltered homelessness among youth and frequently overlaps with other forms of housing instability, including sleeping on the streets and staying in emergency shelter (Curry et al., 2017). In addition to sexual minority youth being overrepresented in the population of youth experiencing homelessness, current evidence indicates that couch-surfers are also more likely to identify as LGBTQ+ (Hail-Jares et al., 2020). ...
... Antecedents to couch-surfing are similar to those of other forms of homelessness among youth, including family conflict, violence and abuse, being evicted or crowded out, behavioral health issues either of their own or of a family member (McLoughlin, 2013), and residing in low-income households (Curry et al., 2017). In one study of young sexual minority men, precarious housing in the preceding six months was associated with growing up without having basic needs met (Krause et al., 2016). ...
... Prior research into couch-surfing suggests that experiences vary and while not all couch-surfing experiences necessarily meet a threshold necessitating homelessness services, many do (Curry et al., 2017). Furthering these findings, the striking associations found in this paper between exclusive couch-surfing experiences and steeply increased rates of anxiety, depression, and particularly suicidal ideation and attempt, suggest that SMA who report couch-surfing are likely in need of a wide of supportive services and should not be excluded from services targeted to youth experiencing homelessness. ...
Background: Sexual minority youth are at more than twice the risk of experiencing homelessness than their peers and both sexual minority youth and youth experiencing homelessness have disproportionate risk for mental health disorder symptoms. Couch-surfing is a common form of homelessness experienced by youth, but research on the relationship between couch-surfing and mental health outcomes, especially among sexual minority adolescents (SMA), is limited. Methods: Utilizing a sample of 2,558 SMA (14–17 years old) recruited via social media and respondent-driven sampling, this study explores the relationship between different forms of homelessness (exclusive couch-surfing vs. multiple types of homelessness) and symptoms of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt. Results: Nearly 21% of participants experienced any homelessness in their lifetime, with 14% reporting exclusive couch-surfing. All forms of homelessness were associated with large increases in symptoms of anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. Conclusion: Homelessness – primarily couch-surfing – is a common experience for SMA in this sample. All forms of homelessness – including exclusive couch-surfing – were associated with large increases in depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt, emphasizing the importance of services that are available to couch-surfing young people and responsive to the needs of sexual minority adolescents.
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Quantitative exploration of sub-groups of people experiencing homelessness facing similar challenges, or multiple exclusion homelessness (MEH), is limited in Great Britain—as is discussion of what these groupings mean for policy and practice. Through secondary analysis of survey data from a study of single people experiencing homelessness in England, Scotland, and Wales, this paper aims to advance understanding of MEH. Using Latent Class Analysis, we explore several possible typologies of MEH before outlining a preferred typology composed of four groups: those facing high exclusion; those faced with low levels of exclusion; and two intermediate groups, one marked by trauma and mental ill-health, the other by offending and substance dependencies. When compared to international studies on MEH, findings point toward possible common combinations of exclusion amongst people experiencing homelessness drawn from different populations. The emergent policy and practice implications of this analysis demonstrate the value of scrutinising homelessness policy and practice internationally through a lens of MEH.
... Often focused on the space one occupies or their accommodations (Taylor, 2013), individuals experiencing homelessness are seen as lacking a home (Amore et al., 2011) or a "fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence" (HUD, 2021), and often reside in areas "not meant for human habitation" (NAEH, 2012), such as a car, park, abandoned building, bus/train station, etc. Other definitions have included people who couch surf or double up, at times staying in hotels or motels (Curry et al., 2017). Sheltered homeless individuals are those occupying emergency or transitional housing (NAEH, 2012). ...
GIS is increasingly popular in the study of complex social issues, such as homelessness. This study aims to assess how GIS has been leveraged and applied to homelessness research and service delivery. Systematic searching of sixteen databases was completed between January and March of 2021 using the terms “homeless” and “Geospatial Information Systems (GIS).” A final sample of 19 sources were identified from a total of 1719 identified sources. Through quantitative and qualitative methods, the included sources examined 1) static location characteristics associated with homelessness, and 2) mobility of homeless persons.
... As a result, housing insecure individuals find refuge in residing with others intermittently-a practice known as couch surfing. Couch surfing is sleeping on the couch or floor of a friend or family member temporarily due to the lack of shelter (Curry et al., 2017;Vasquez et al., 2018). The practice of couch surfing is, perhaps, among the safest short-term solutions for housing insecure individuals who have to deal with their reality and plan a way to secure shelter (Hail-Jares et al., 2020). ...
... An important advance toward increasing the diversity theory and research on Latinx youth has involved a growing corpus of empirical studies on hard-to-reach populations such as heterosexual and LGBTQ+ homeless youth (Castellanos, 2016;Curry et al., 2017;Griffin et al., 2019;Parra & Hastings, 2018) in the United States and rural areas or the streets of large cities in Latin America (Lima et al., 2020;Manago, 2014), undocumented youth and their families (Chahin & Jaimes-Costilla, 2019;Perez, 2015;Sol orzano, 2018;Su arez Orozco, 2017), indigenous immigrant Latinx youth (Casanova et al., 2016;Gonzalez, 2019), migrant families Chavez et al., in press;Taylor & Ruiz, 2017), and incarcerated Latinx youth (Monahan, Goldweber, & Cauffman, 2011;Padgaonkar et al., 2020;Seroczynski and Jobst, 2016). ...
I selectively review the last decade of theory and research on Latinx adolescents and emerging adults’ development. After briefly reviewing the changing demographics of US Latinx families, I address: (1) asset-based theories of Latinx youth’s development; (2) the literature on the educational pathways of US Latinx youth; (3) how close relationships, ethnic/racial (ERI) identity, and family, school, and community context promote or constrain Latinx youth’s educational and positive development and provide examples of successful interventions to promote ERI and academic adjustment. I conclude with suggestions for scholarship in the next decade, including applying intersectional, interdisciplinary, biopsychosocial, and international lenses to studying Latinx youth, researching father involvement, and addressing between- and within-country of origin variations in Latinx youth's education and development.
... As a result, housing insecure individuals find refuge in residing with others intermittently-a practice known as couch surfing. Couch surfing is sleeping on the couch or floor of a friend or family member temporarily due to the lack of shelter (Curry et al., 2017;Vasquez et al., 2018). The practice of couch surfing is, perhaps, among the safest short-term solutions for housing insecure individuals who have to deal with their reality and plan a way to secure shelter (Hail-Jares et al., 2020). ...
The purpose of this reflection essay is to shed light on two important struggles housing insecure students in higher education are facing during the COVID-19 pandemic: housing insecurity (Bramhall, 2020) and maintaining digital accessibility and connectivity (Wust, 2020). We interviewed students, pseudonyms used to maintain anonymity, about their experiences as a housing insecure student. Within this essay, we discuss COVID-19 and how housing insecurity impacted digital accessibility. Next, we explore COVID-19 and digital accessibility and connectivity by shedding light on the restrictions implemented and how they affected students during COVID-19. Specifically, those students reliant upon the digital and internet resources available at their university campuses were suddenly obligated to establish resources independently to continue making academic progress. Finally, we will conclude the reflection by sharing the current impact on trends in higher education that have resulted as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
... Most of the current available data on petowning populations, who are experiencing financial hardship, are either restricted to those experiencing homelessness (i.e., living on the streets or otherwise unhoused), or focus on public perception of those populations (13,(17)(18)(19). However, populations experiencing hardship not only include those that are experiencing homelessness, but also involve people living in low-income housing, experiencing general housing instability, or who are "couch surfing, " for example (20)(21)(22). ...
Previous research has focused on the benefits and difficulties of pet ownership in people, who are experiencing homelessness. However, many pet services, such as pet food banks, serve a more varied population of people. Furthermore, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has not been documented within the context of pet food banks. Vancouver's Downtown Eastside (DTES) population comprises a notable proportion of the city's overall population and has a high density of people who are experiencing financial hardships, but some of whom do not always experience homelessness. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the number of clients and pets that are being serviced by a pet food bank, whether that has changed over time, and if it was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed available attendance and service records from The British Columbia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals pet food bank between 2013 and 2020. We found that a median of 100 clients attended the food bank each week and that most of the companion animals serviced were cats (72.5%), then followed by dogs (25.2%), and rats (1.2%). Servicing was not consistent over time, with a weekly pattern of decreased attendance every fourth week of the month, which coincided with income assistance payments. This suggests that either servicing needs are decreased with income assistance or that the week of the month may present an access to care challenge. We also observed a decrease in the clientele attending in 2020 compared to previous years, suggesting an effect of COVID-19. Specifically, this trend was present for cats, rats, rabbits, and “other” companion animals, but not for dogs; the number of dog owners receiving services did not change in 2020, suggesting a difference between needed services in dog vs. other pet owners. The yearly trends shed light on the impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable populations, highlighting the need for additional support through times of crisis. Overall, the data show a complex relationship between pet service provision and other community issues and highlight the need to consider pet food banks within the greater social services networks.
