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We regard the possibility of detecting the antineutrino flux producing by the
$^{40}$K placing inside the Earth. Thermal flux of the Earth could be better
understood with observing such a flux. Lower and upper limitations on the
$^{40}$K antineutrino flux are presented.
Context in source publication
Context 1
... 40 K antineutrino flux 40 K decay scheme is shown in fig. 1 [10,11]. The main transition with probability 89.25% goes to the ground state of 40 Ca emitting a beta-particle and antineutrino with end-point energy 1.311 MeV. In 10.55% of events there is K-capture from the excited level of 40 Ar with the emission of monoenergetic 44 keV neutrino, the nucleus then emitting a photon with energy 1.46 ...
Citations
... The comparison of (1), (2) and (3) allows to assume the existence of a new additional component contributing to single Borexino events. It was proposed in Ref. [7] to consider the scattering of the 40 K geo-antineutrino and 40 K geo-neutrino ( 40 K-geo-(ν + ν)) on electrons as such an additional component. This work predicted also the possible counting rate from such process R( 40 K-geo-(ν + ν)) = (1 − 4) cpd/100t following the Hydridic Earth model or Hydrogen rich Earth model (HE model). ...
An independent analysis of Borexino single event energy spectrum of recoil electrons and alphas was carried out. We compared two sets of single event sources. The first set is similar to the one used in Borexino Collaboration analysis. The second set additionally includes the scattering of $^{40}$K-geo-($\bar{\nu} + \nu$) on scintillator electrons. We found two equivalent minima for $\chi^2$ for second set. The one is for total counting rates $R(^{40}$K-geo-$(\bar{\nu} + \nu)) = 0.0$ and $R(^{210}$Bi) = 10 cpd/100t. The other one is for $R(^{40}$K-geo-$(\bar{\nu} + \nu)) = 7.05$ cpd/100t and $R(^{210}$Bi$) = 6$ cpd/100t. We performed MC pseudo-experiments and found that we do not have enough statistics and need to know the bismuth concentration in the scintillator for definite measurement of potassium abundance in the Earth. The possibility of building a next-generation detector for looking for the $^{40}$K-geo-($\bar{\nu} + \nu$) flux is being considered.
... Also, radioactive decay of 40 K, 238 U and 232 Th generate a flux of geo-neutrinos. A recent study shows that the experimental data from the Borexino does not contradict our model, which proposes significantly higher content of those elements for the bulk Earth Sinev et al. 2015). ...
By plotting empirical chemical element abundances on Earth relative to the Sun and normalized to silicon versus their first ionization potentials, we confirm the existence of a correlation reported earlier. To explain this, we develop a model based on principles of statistical physics that predicts differentiated relative abundances for any planetary body in a solar system as a function of its orbital distance. This simple model is successfully tested against available chemical composition data from CI chondrites and surface compositional data of Mars, Earth, the Moon, Venus, and Mercury. We show, moreover, that deviations from the proposed law for a given planet correspond to later surface segregation of elements driven both by gravity and chemical reactions. We thus provide a new picture for the distribution of elements in the solar system and inside planets, with important consequences for their chemical composition. Particularly, a 4 wt% initial hydrogen content is predicted for bulk early Earth. This converges with other works suggesting that the interior of the Earth could be enriched with hydrogen.
... The total mass of 40 K predicted by the HE model is more than two orders of magnitude larger than that predicted by the BSE model. In [11], capabilities to detect a large antineutrino flux by modern detectors were studied. The conclusion is that, for the moment, the sensitivities of present detectors are not sufficient. ...
Predictions of geo-neutrino fluxes and the Earth’s internal heat flux made by the Hydride Earth model are discussed. The prediction of geo-neutrino fluxes can be consistent with experimental measured fluxes. The predicted value of the Earth’s internal heat flux is significantly larger than the value experimentally obtained under the assumption that the main mode of heat transport is thermal conductivity. We consider another mode of heat transport in the Earth’s crust: heat transport by hot gases created in the Earth’s crust at great depth. We discuss also experimental data supporting this idea, particularly the temperature profiles obtained in the Kola superdeep borehole.
... Neutrino geophysics usually includes three parts: Geoneutrino, neutrino absorption tomography and neutrino oscillation tomography. About geoneutrino problems we reported at the International Workshop on Prospects of Particle Physics: "Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics" (Resort Hotel "Valday", Valday, Novgorod region, Russia, 26 January-2 February 2014) [7,8]. We will consider here the possibilities of neutrino Earth tomography with the use of atmospheric neutrinos crossing the Earth. ...
The neutrino experiment IceCube at South pole can distinguish between Bulk Silicate Earth model and Hydridic Earth model predictions about inner Earth density by using neutrino absorption tomography. The result can be obtained during less than 10 years of operation. The experiment PINGU at South pole can check the Hydridic Earth model predictions about Earth core electron density by using neutrino oscillation tomography. The result will be obtained for the time of operation much shorter than 10 years. The combination of IceCube and PINGU results will give the information about the Earth core chemical element composition.
... With probability I = 0.2%, the energy available as in the decay above is E ≃ Q = 1504.69. There is a direct decay to the ground state of 40 Ar after the capture of a shell electron and the emission of a monoenergetic neutrino that takes most of the energy available E ≃ 1504.69 keV minus the electron binding energy which is only a few keV [21,34]. The recoil energy is 31.1 eV. ...
In this chapter we analyze in detail the behaviour and properties of the
kinks found in an one dimensional model for the close packed rows of potassium
ions in mica muscovite. The model includes realistic potentials obtained from
the physics of the problem, ion bombardment experiments and molecular dynamics
fitted to experiments. These kinks are supersonic and have an unique velocity
and energy. They are ultradiscrete involving the translation of an
interstitial, which is the reason they are called {\em crowdions}. Their energy
is below the most probable source of energy, the decay of the $^{40}$K isotope
and above the energy needed to eject an atom from the mineral, a phenomenon
that has been observed experimentally
Borexino collaboration announced the observation of CNO neutrinos flux. Its value appeared larger than expected in case of the Sun high metallicity model. This could be regarded as evidence of large potassium content inside the Earth. The potassium abundance can reach (1.5 ± 1.0)% in the whole Earth and the Earth heat flux can be at the level of 200-300 TW. To resolve the problem a new experiment is demanded with a detector similar to Borexino one but better in backgrounds or a detector with another techniques of neutrino measurement, for example on base of ¹¹⁵ In.
The heat flux from the Earth’s interior and its connection with the number of neutrinos recorded by detectors at the Earth’s surface are discussed. The values predicted for the geoneutrino fluxes may be matched with experimental data, but the observed flux of the Earth’s internal heat requires the presence of a larger amount of radioactive elements. The amount of uranium and thorium within the Earth is constrained by measurements performed with the aid of modern geoneutrino detectors. This makes it possible to explain completely a flux of 50 TW. There are indications that the flux from the Earth’s interior is 200 to 250 TW. Such a flux could be explained only by the presence of a substantially larger amount of potassium in the Earth. In order to determine precisely the heat flux from the Earth’s interior, it is necessary to measure completely the flux of antineutrinos from all heat-releasing isotopes, including the flux of neutrinos from ⁴⁰K decay. Possibly, this flux has already been observed at the Borexino detector.
We discussed the idea of big value of potassium abundance in the Earth. We showed that Borexino single event spectrum permit the potassium abundance up to 2% instead of the CNO neutrino flux contribution. Works [5], [6] introduce the idea that fast α particles are appeared in nuclear processes in solar core plasma. The reactions of these α particles with CNO nuclei can suppress the CNO neutrino flux. We demonstrated the connection between the existence of Earth’s electric field and the big value of ⁴⁰ K geo-neutrino flux because the both phenomena are the sequences from Hydride Earth model.
