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-Dairy cow with tracheal stenosis. A) Trachea with a focal area of a large clot surrounded by connective tissue measuring approximately 6.0 cm in diameter, attached to the mucosa in the dorsal region (asterisk). In areas adjacent to the clot there was thickening of the mucosa, which consisted of edema and proliferation of connective tissue (arrow). B) Cut surface of the tracheal region with clot and adjacent areas with thickening of the mucosa, characterized by edema and proliferation of connective tissue, fixed in 10% formalin. C) Sub macro of the trachea region with a proliferation of connective tissue (arrow) surrounding a focal area of extensive hemorrhage (asterisk) and deposition of a marked amount of fibrin (arrowhead). D) Proliferation of fibrous connective tissue between the tracheal cartilage and the formation of the clot with fibrin (HE, Bar 200µm).
Source publication
Tracheal stenosis, also known as “Honker syndrome”, is characterized by tracheal edema and hemorrhage, leading to partial obstruction of the lumen; therefore, death. Its etiology is not yet well elucidated. A 3-year-old Holstein cow, with a history of dyspnea, and a large amount of reddish foam flowing from the mouth and nose, had died after 10 min...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... the distal third of the trachea, there was a focally extensive region of clot surrounded by fibrous connective tissue measuring about 6.0 cm of diameter, firmly adhered to dorsal mucosal. In adjacent areas of the clot, there was thickening of the mucosa constituted by edema and proliferation of connective tissue ( Figure 1A e 1B). There was still a moderate amount of red foam in the tracheal lumen, which extended to bronchi. ...
Context 2
... sections were dewaxed, stained with hematoxylin and eosin for routine histopathology, and examined with a routine light microscope. Microscopically, it was observed in trachea, hemorrhage and an organized clot, from submucosa extending to the mucosa, surrounded by welldifferentiated fibrous connective tissue ( Figure 1C e 1D). In adjacent mucosa, was observed inflammatory infiltrate composed by lymphocytes and plasma cells, as well as, squamous metaplasia of respiratory epithelium, with loss of cilia and neovascularization. ...
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Citations
... HTS presents typical trachea lesions in the necropsy (Ertl, 2020), similar to those the authors identified in the case described here. The mechanisms involved in this disease could be similar to those described in humans and in bovine "Honker syndrome," also called "Tracheal Stenosis Syndrome of Feeder Cattle" (Molossi et al., 2020). ...
... In fact, on the farm to which this animal belongs, all the pigs that die are necropsied, so we can state that this was the only case observed in the last 10 years. In this case, the cause of death is compatible with asphyxia, according to the history and the lesions observed, such as sudden death and ocular hemorrhage, similar to what is described in bovine cases (Molossi et al., 2020). ...
Background
Respiratory diseases, including the multifactorial “swine respiratory disease complex,” have a significant impact on swine production. Recently, a condition manifesting primarily in the trachea, known as hemorrhagic tracheitis syndrome (HTS), has been described in pigs. HTS is characterized by severe coughing and high mortality in finishing pigs.
Case Description
This report presents the first case of HTS in an adult male pig from a Portuguese farm. The animal died without any previous clinical signs. Necropsy revealed significant thickening of the trachea. Fibrinous necrotic hemorrhagic tracheitis was identified through histopathological analysis, but no bacterial infectious agents were detected during microbiological examination.
Conclusion
This case underscores the need for comprehensive research, including systematic necropsies and histopathological assessments, to understand the actual prevalence of the disease, elucidate the etiology, and develop effective interventions for HTS in swine productions.
