Fig 1 - uploaded by Hilson Andrade
Content may be subject to copyright.
![DSRC frequency band specifications, based on [13]](profile/Hilson-Andrade/publication/312637258/figure/fig1/AS:1163741659955200@1654469041343/DSRC-frequency-band-specifications-based-on-13.png)
Source publication
![Fig. 1. DSRC frequency band specifications, based on [13]](profile/Hilson-Andrade/publication/312637258/figure/fig1/AS:1163741659955200@1654469041343/DSRC-frequency-band-specifications-based-on-13_Q320.jpg)
In the development path to implement V2X (Vehicle-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure) communications, two different, but not entirely concurrent approaches, are been investigated: the use of a new technology standard, 802.11p, denoted as DSRC/WAVE (Dedicated Short Range Communications/Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments), and the use of...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... RSU requires $13,000 − $15,000 capital cost and up to $2,400 per year for operation and maintenance [12]. Emerging countries like Brazil, where there is a fleet of ninety-two million vehicles, frequency bands used by DSRC networks in operation (Figure 1) are not yet reserved for use in vehicular networks. ...
Context 2
... the consolidated results, shown in Figure 10, give an indication that a few modifications in the network architecture of service providers can achieve less-than-100ms latency requirement. These measurements were obtained in a network that was not designed or optimized for vehicular applications. ...
Context 3
... Figure 10, it is presented the comparison of the end-toend latency (L E2E ) measured in the experiment with the requirements described for vehicle applications. This result is important in the sense that albeit the technology used is the same for all the mobile network providers, the latency measured could be up to 900% greater comparing the minimum latency obtained and the maximum. ...
Context 4
... a Bluetooth-capable smartphone with an OBD-II Bluetooth adapter, Figure 11, it is straightforward to access one of any CAN buses of a particular vehicle, that is accessable via the OBD connector. The applications that can be built accessing CAN messages varies from remote vehicle inspection and diagnose [19], driving analysis in regards to fuel consumption [20], generate driver profiles by mining data as a vehicle is driven in a predetermined route [21] etc. ...
Context 5
... proposed application used a project of an Android application to connect with this OBD-II adapter. Then, the application, Figure 11, was modified to provide the smartphone with the capability to communicate with a real time database server, using a cloud server service. So, the data obtained from the vehicle CAN bus can be accessed and processed in real time both locally or centralized in a control center, using the data available in a cloud server. ...
Context 6
... the data obtained from the vehicle CAN bus can be accessed and processed in real time both locally or centralized in a control center, using the data available in a cloud server. The architecture of the solution is shown in Figure 12. The interface of the real time database is shown in Figure 12. ...
Context 7
... architecture of the solution is shown in Figure 12. The interface of the real time database is shown in Figure 12. The data that can be obtained are, depending on the manufacturer of the vehicle, ambient air temperature, battery power supply, engine load, fuel type, air flow, distance travelled, diagnostic trouble codes, vehicle speed etc. ...
Similar publications
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects or “things” implanted with electronics, software, sensors, and connectivity to allow them to exchange data with servers, centralized systems, and other connected devices using several communication systems. IoT data is assembled from various sensors, nodes, and collectors and sent to the...
Citations
... Multiple studies in the literature present the latency measurements for particular applications to ensure the necessary Quality of Service (QoS) expected by the user. A latency analysis is presented for vehicular applications in [5], concluding that the field deployed network yields a latency below 100 ms, which is acceptable as per the standards prescribed for vehicular communication. Xu [6] presents the case in for Smart Grids and illustrates the increase in latency with packet size. ...
Many edge-native applications require low and predictable end-to-end network latency. In practice, many user-interactive edge applications must deliver less than 50ms round trip times (RTT) from the client device to an edge cloudlet and back to the client device to achieve acceptable user experience. More intensive interactive applications like virtual reality require less than 20ms RTTs. However, commercial 4G LTE networks fail to reliably meet these thresholds. This report summarizes the results of our measurement of the sources of network latency in an operational private outdoor CBRS 4G LTE network to provide a baseline for future network latency optimization.
... This application supports drive tests for outdoor scenarios and provides a wide range of features such as map visualization, cell scanning loading cells, cell measurement for serving and neighbor cells. G-NetTrack has been used in numerous research papers such as [21][22][23], which means it is considered a reliable application for collecting data measurements. Figure 4 visualizes the information of data measurement for cell and network information. ...
Mobile broadband (MBB) is one of the critical goals in fifth-generation (5G) networks due to rising data demand. MBB provides very high-speed internet access with seamless connections. Existing MBB, including third-generation (3G) and fourth-generation (4G) networks, also requires monitoring to ensure good network performance. Thus, performing analysis of existing MBB assists mobile network operators (MNOs) in further improving their MBB networks’ capabilities to meet user satisfaction. In this paper, we analyzed and evaluated the multidimensional performance of existing MBB in Oman. Drive test measurements were carried out in four urban and suburban cities: Muscat, Ibra, Sur and Bahla. This study aimed to analyze and understand the MBB performance, but it did not benchmark the performance of MNOs. The data measurements were collected through drive tests from two MNOs supporting 3G and 4G technologies: Omantel and Ooredoo. Several performance metrics were measured during the drive tests, such as signal quality, throughput (downlink and unlink), ping and handover. The measurement results demonstrate that 4G technologies were the dominant networks in most of the tested cities during the drive test. The average downlink and uplink data rates were 18 Mbps and 13 Mbps, respectively, whereas the average ping and pong loss were 53 ms and 0.9, respectively, for all MNOs.
... They are also comparable to commercial networks on fiber, ADSL or LTE. For example, the possible order of magnitude for the optical fiber is 19 ms, while the ADSL RTT is around 70 ms and the LTE around 122 ms in V2X context [29]. ...
... Several works have been recently sought to address the aforementioned V2I challenges [5], [11]- [14]. In [5], the authors study the impact of transmission time interval (TTI) design on the performance of low-latency vehicular communications. ...
... However, the prior art in [5], [11]- [14] studies computing and communication latency in isolation, rather than from an E2E perspective. For example, the work in [5] considers a fixed value for the computational latency and neglects E2E latency. ...
Ultra reliable, low latency vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications is a key requirement for seamless operation of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in future smart cities. To this end, cellular small base stations (SBSs) with edge computing capabilities can reduce the end-to-end (E2E) service delay by processing requested tasks from AVs locally, without forwarding the tasks to a remote cloud server. Nonetheless, due to the limited computational capabilities of the SBSs, coupled with the scarcity of the wireless bandwidth resources, minimizing the E2E latency for AVs and achieving a reliable V2I network is challenging. In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed to jointly optimize AVs-to-SBSs association and bandwidth allocation to maximize the reliability of the V2I network. By using tools from labor matching markets, the proposed framework can effectively perform distributed association of AVs to SBSs, while accounting for the latency needs of AVs as well as the limited computational and bandwidth resources of SBSs. Moreover, the convergence of the proposed algorithm to a core allocation between AVs and SBSs is proved and its ability to capture interdependent computational and transmission latencies for AVs in a V2I network is characterized. Simulation results show that by optimizing the E2E latency, the proposed algorithm substantially outperforms conventional cell association schemes, in terms of service reliability and latency.
... The study of new strategies to optimize the network resources available in VANETs can address two key questions to accelerate the adoption of vehicular networks in large urban centers: the increase of QoS (Quality of Service) delivered by these networks and the reduction of the cost to implement them. The increase of QoS in the vehicular networks defines the types of applications supported [3], being something critical, especially for safety applications -where latency constraints should be considered [4] or infotainment applications, where throughput is critical [5]. On the other hand, latency reduction and increased throughput must coexist with the maximization of available network resources, either by better use of RSUs (Road Side Units) coverage, in a V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure) architecture, or with the lowest transmission power of OBUs (On-Board Units), when in a V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) scenario. ...
Enhanced mobile broadband is an essential target in fifth-generation (5G) networks with higher demands among service consumers. It offers very high-speed Internet connections for several geographical areas: urban, suburban, and rural. Many mobile network operators (MNOs) continuously monitor the quality of service in terms of multiple services to guarantee high network performance. To the best of our knowledge, no extensive studies and analyses are conducted on mobile broadband (MBB) services that cover various implementation scenarios and several performance metrics. This study comprehensively analyzes the existing MBB performance in an urban area: Cyberjaya City, Malaysia. The measurement data were collected through drive tests from various MNOs supporting 3G and 4G technologies: Maxis, Celcom, Digi, U Mobile, and Unifi. Several performance metrics, such as signal quality, throughput (downlink and uplink), ping, and handover, were measured during the drive tests. The data measurements were conducted in two scenarios: outdoor and indoor environments. Measurement results of the outdoor drive test demonstrate that the maximum average throughput with downlink and uplink data rates is 14.3 and 7.1 Mbps, respectively, whereas the minimum average ping and loss are 36.5 ms and 0.14, respectively, for all MNOs. However, the in-building measurements achieve an acceptable overall average data rate of 2 Mbps. This paper provides several suggestions and recommendations for MBB providers to improve their performance networks and quality of experience to meet customers’ satisfaction. Several limitations not considered in this study and can point to possible future work are presented.
This chapter explores how the third generation partnership project (3GPP) has opened the door of cellular communication in different fields such as internet‐of‐vehicles (IoVs). It elaborates the 3GPP with its different releases and the potential applications of these releases. The chapter shows how 4G/long‐term evolution (LTE)/LTE‐Advanced and New Radio (NR) has potential significance in the next‐generation IoVs in order to fulfill the high throughout and reliability as well as low latency requirements. It presents the evolvement of the 3GPP since its birth in 1998. The chapter also explores the potential aspects of resource sharing in IoVs. It describes the prominent technologies for the IoVs communication such as dedicated short‐range communication, wireless access for vehicular communication, LTE, LTE‐Advanced, 5G NR, etc., where it is perceived that in the near future, the allocated spectrums for IoVs services will be scarce; therefore, an efficient spectrum utilization such as dynamic spectrum access will play an important role.
n view of the need for new optimization techniques capable ofincreasing the reliability of the Inter-vehicular CommunicationSystems (IVC), indispensable for the development of IntelligentTransportation Systems (ITS), this work proposes the use of a meta-heuristic based on evolutionary computation, to optimize parame-ters in the MAC-layer in search of the best throughput, latency andpacket loss values, in an urban scenario. These approaches showedup to 91% of reduction in the time needed to find the best MAC-layer configurations for multi-objective optimization of throughput,latency and packet loss, when compared to the use of exhaustivesearch.
