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Cytotoxicity results obtained by incubating A549 human lung cancer cells with DOX-PCB nanoparticles, photoactivated DOX-PCB nanoparticles, and free DOX. The graph shows the cell viability curves for the three experimental conditions fitted with a sigmoidal dose-response (variable slope) curve. The resulting IC50 values are shown in the table. The DOX-PCB nanoparticles showed a 30-fold higher IC50 value than the DOX control. The IC50 of the DOX-PCB nanoparticle sample decreased after 60 min of photoactivation. Error bars show the standard deviation. **P ≤ 0.01 and *P ≤ 0.05 by a two-sample t-test (two-sided) performed at the 5% significance level compared to the DOX-PCB NP value at the same time point
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Purpose:
A major challenge facing nanoparticle-based delivery of chemotherapy agents is the natural and unavoidable accumulation of these particles in healthy tissue resulting in local toxicity and dose-limiting side effects. To address this issue, we have designed and characterized a new prodrug nanoparticle with controllable toxicity allowing a...
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Site specific drug delivery is the foremost requisite for chemotherapy to avoid the associated side effects. For this, stimuli-responsiveness of the drug delivery device is of great interest to selectively release the loaded drug to the tumor cells. Herein, the oxidized cellulose nanoparticles (OCNPs) were synthesized by oxidation of cellulose with...
Citations
... In particular, light-driven microswimmers show distinct advantages, as light allows the remote control of swimmers with high spatial and temporal resolution 14 . Though many optical manipulation techniques, such as optical tweezers, have been employed to transport micro-particles [32][33][34] , light-driven microswimmers represent exciting advancements with diverse transport modes (e.g., schooling, gravitaxis, and phototaxis) [35][36][37] , adaptive responses to ambient environments and easy light-swimmer coupling, enabling applications in biomedicine, sensing and environmental remediation [38][39][40] . ...
Inspired by the “run-and-tumble” behaviours of Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells, we develop opto-thermoelectric microswimmers. The microswimmers are based on dielectric-Au Janus particles driven by a self-sustained electrical field that arises from the asymmetric optothermal response of the particles. Upon illumination by a defocused laser beam, the Janus particles exhibit an optically generated temperature gradient along the particle surfaces, leading to an opto-thermoelectrical field that propels the particles. We further discover that the swimming direction is determined by the particle orientation. To enable navigation of the swimmers, we propose a new optomechanical approach to drive the in-plane rotation of Janus particles under a temperature-gradient-induced electrical field using a focused laser beam. Timing the rotation laser beam allows us to position the particles at any desired orientation and thus to actively control the swimming direction with high efficiency. By incorporating dark-field optical imaging and a feedback control algorithm, we achieve automated propelling and navigation of the microswimmers. Our opto-thermoelectric microswimmers could find applications in the study of opto-thermoelectrical coupling in dynamic colloidal systems, active matter, biomedical sensing, and targeted drug delivery.
... Targeted drug delivery for cancer offers the potential to significantly improve the therapeutic effects of anticancer agents by increasing drug concentration at tumor sites (8). Currently, extensive researches are focused on the development of new cancer therapy techniques to improve the targeting of drugs, such as nanoparticle drug delivery systems (9). At present, a range of nanoscale materials are applied in broader vision of nanomedicine and have shown promising results in imaging and drug delivery for diagnosis and therapy (10,11). ...
Purpose:
Improving the targeting efficiency of imaging agents or anticancer drugs has become essential in the current primary mission to enhance the diagnostic or therapeutic effects. To improve the tumor diagnosis and therapy effect, a promising drug-delivery and targeting strategy was established based on the bioorthogonal chemistry.
Method:
The delivery system was composed of the pre-targeting carrier Biotin-MSNs-DBCO nanoparticles and the azido cargoes. The fluorescence probe 1-(3-azidopropyl) fluorescein (FITC-N3) and ruthenium N-heterocyclic carbene complex N3-S-S-NHC-Ru were synthesized and served as the tumor imaging and therapy probes, respectively. The cell imaging and viability was investigated by the Biotin-MSNs-DBCO pre-targeted for 4 h in colonic carcinoma (HeLa) cells.
Results:
For the tumor cell imaging, Biotin-MSNs-DBCO could react with FITC-N3rapidly and completely in 20 min with 93% yields. The fluorescence intensity of tumor cells was obviously increased by the Biotin-MSNs-DBCO pre-targeted. The cytotoxicity of the ruthenium complex N3-S-S-NHC-Ru was significantly improved appropriately three times with the IC50(half inhibitory concentration) value of 6.68 ± 1.29 μM and enhancement of the mitochondrial dysfunction.
Conclusions:
The pre-targeting nanoparticle Biotin-MSNs-DBCO could selectively capture the azido compounds in tumor cells, which provided a site-specific target for the cargoes and then resulted in an enhancement of diagnostic or therapeutic effects.
Targeted delivery of therapeutics to specific tissues is critically important for reducing systemic toxicity and optimizing therapeutic efficacy, especially in the case of cytotoxic drugs. Many strategies currently exist for targeting systemically administered drugs, and ultrasound-controlled targeting is a rapidly advancing strategy for externally-stimulated drug delivery. In this non-invasive method, ultrasound waves penetrate through tissue and stimulate gas-filled microbubbles, resulting in bubble rupture and biophysical effects that power delivery of attached cargo to surrounding cells. Drug delivery capabilities from ultrasound-sensitive microbubbles are greatly expanded when nanocarrier particles are attached to the bubble surface, and cargo loading is determined by the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles. This review serves to highlight and discuss current microbubble–nanoparticle complex component materials and designs for ultrasound-mediated drug delivery. Nanocarriers that have been complexed with microbubbles for drug delivery include lipid-based, polymeric, lipid–polymer hybrid, protein, and inorganic nanoparticles. Several schemes exist for linking nanoparticles to microbubbles for efficient nanoparticle delivery, including biotin–avidin bridging, electrostatic bonding, and covalent linkages. When compared to unstimulated delivery, ultrasound-mediated cargo delivery enables enhanced cell uptake and accumulation of cargo in target organs and can result in improved therapeutic outcomes. These ultrasound-responsive delivery complexes can also be designed to facilitate other methods of targeting, including bioactive targeting ligands and responsivity to light or magnetic fields, and multi-level targeting can enhance therapeutic efficacy. Microbubble–nanoparticle complexes present a versatile platform for controlled drug delivery via ultrasound, allowing for enhanced tissue penetration and minimally invasive therapy. Future perspectives for application of this platform are also discussed in this review.
Stem cell fate is closely intertwined with microenvironmental and endogenous cues within the body. Recapitulating this dynamic environment ex vivo can be achieved through engineered biomaterials which can respond to exogenous stimulation (including light, electrical stimulation, ultrasound, and magnetic fields) to deliver temporal and spatial cues to stem cells. These stimuli‐responsive biomaterials can be integrated into scaffolds to investigate stem cell response in vitro and in vivo, and offer many pathways of cellular manipulation: biochemical cues, scaffold property changes, drug release, mechanical stress, and electrical signaling. The aim of this review is to assess and discuss the current state of exogenous stimuli‐responsive biomaterials, and their application in multipotent stem cell control. Future perspectives in utilizing these biomaterials for personalized tissue engineering and directing organoid models are also discussed.
