Figure 3 - uploaded by Maribeth Gagnon
Content may be subject to copyright.
CytoView PT interface with Signout button, focal plane arrow buttons, image location tracker, scrolling arrow buttons, case counter and timer.
Source publication
To develop and assess CytoView, a prototype computer image-based cytology proficiency testing (PT) system, as an alternative to glass-slide cervical cytology PT.
The computer-based PT consists of 10 cases taken from 10 Pap smears, each of which had received a consensus Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-category diagnosis from three patholo...
Context in source publication
Similar publications
This paper will focus on how language teachers have the potentials to smoothly transform into professional coaches when they are given the right opportunity and understand the concepts of professional coaching. The data of the research are collected from a case study conducted by the researchers while they coached a team from an Indonesian State Co...
Wisdom (Whitewater Interactive System Development with Object Models), a lightweight software engineering method, addresses the needs of small teams that develop and maintain interactive systems. Small companies leveraging on their communication, speed and flexibility can benefit from Wisdom's process, notation and project philosophy
The Management Improvement Program, a process based on Organizational De- velopment principles and methods, was applied to an irrigated agricultural system in Arizona, USA. The MIP seeks to improve management and performance of the agricultural system through structured diagnosis, planning, and implementation activities with the participation of sy...
During the academic years 2016-17 and 2017-18, an experience based on collaborative work has been carried out by the students and this activity has been evaluated by themselves. It has been tried to involve the student in his evaluation process because his work has been valued by his classmates. The student makes an individual evaluation of the wor...
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an extremely useful tool for the detection and characterization of numerous pathologic processes. Although patients can benefit from the use of MRI, claustrophobia is a major issue in some cases. This fear alone can lead to cancellation of the scanning procedure in some cases and the need for conscious sedation i...
Citations
... To lower the false negative rate in screening, many advanced technologies involving sampling, smear preparation, or screening quality control have been developed and introduced [3]- [6]. Commercial devices that use these technologies can be divided into the following categories based on their approaches: 1) improved slide preparation to reduce sampling error, e.g., thin-layered liquidbased preparation (ThinPrep, SurePath, Tripath) [7], [8]; 2) reduced workload and screening error as in the autoscreening system (ThinPrep Imaging System, Cytyc, Boxborough, MA; FocalPoint System, Tripath Imaging, Burlington, NC); 3) improved laboratory quality control like rescreening (Papnet) [9]; and 4) enhanced quality assurance, such as the proficiency test [10]. However, most of these devices do not assist objective diagnosis by providing the calculable variables that would eliminate interpretation errors and interobserver discrepancy [11]. ...
Cytologic screening has been widely used for detecting the cervical cancers. In this study, a semiautomatic PC-based cellular image analysis system was developed for segmenting nuclear and cytoplasmic contours and for computing morphometric and textual features to train support vector machine (SVM) classifiers to classify four different types of cells and to discriminate dysplastic from normal cells. A software program incorporating function, including image reviewing and standardized denomination of file names, was also designed to facilitate and standardize the workflow of cell analyses. Two experiments were conducted to verify the classification performance. The cross-validation results of the first experiment showed that average accuracies of 97.16% and 98.83%, respectively, for differentiating four different types of cells and in discriminating dysplastic from normal cells have been achieved using salient features (8 for four-cluster and 7 for two-cluster classifiers) selected with SVM recursive feature addition. In the second experiment, 70% (837) of the cell images were used for training and 30% (361) for testing, achieving an accuracy of 96.12% and 98.61% for four-cluster and two-cluster classifiers, respectively. The proposed system provides a feasible and effective tool in evaluating cytologic specimens.
... Nevertheless, digital imaging is being recommended by several investigators. [45][46][47][48] As WSI would certainly be more cost effective and has improved standardization for proficiency testing, it has been shown that in order for such digital programs to work, prior training of participants on the technology is required. Complaints to date are related mainly to the lengthy time experienced by users to examine digital images. ...
Digitized slides produced by whole slide image scanners can be easily shared over a network or by transferring image files to optical or other data storage devices. Navigation of digitized slides is interactive and intended to simulate viewing glass slides with a microscope (virtual microscopy). Image viewing software permits users to edit, annotate, analyze, and easily share whole slide images (WSI). As a result, WSI have begun to replace the traditional light microscope, offering a myriad of opportunities for education. This article focuses on current applications of WSI in education and proficiency testing. WSI has been successfully explored for graduate education (medical, dental, and veterinary schools), training of pathology residents, as an educational tool in allied pathology schools (e.g., cytotechnology), for virtual tracking and tutoring, tele-education (tele-conferencing), e-learning, virtual workshops, at tumor boards, with interactive publications, and on examinations. WSI supports flexible and cost-effective distant learning and augments problem-oriented teaching, competency evaluation, and proficiency testing. WSI viewed on touchscreen displays and with tablet technology are especially beneficial for education. Further investigation is necessary to develop superior WSI applications that better support education and to design viewing stations with ergonomic tools that improve the WSI-human interface and navigation of virtual slides. Studies to determine the impact of training pathologists without exposure to actual glass slides are also needed.
... 9 Indeed, this telepathology system would also apply to other areas of pathological service, for instance, intraoperative frozen sections, routine surgical pathology, and subspecialty consultation. [10][11][12][13][14][15] As the production of virtual microscopic slides remains a time-consuming task and the cost of archiving the images digitally is still considerably higher than archiving on glass slides, the use of virtual microscopy for routine diagnostics is not yet routinely implemented. With the next generation of more rapid and easy-use virtual slide systems, a dramatic alteration in potential usage of telepathology is promised. ...
The aim of this study is to share the experience of establishing a virtual microscope and telepathology system for the oral and maxillofacial pathology laboratory course in a dental school.
A dot-slide system has been used to generate digitized microscopic slides, which are placed on an image server that is available online.
Using software that is available as a free download (OlyVIA), students are able to select a teaching slide record, view at magnifications comparable with those of a conventional microscope, and navigate to any area on the matching virtual slide image that is stored on the image server database. Before class, the students can review the findings of the virtual teaching slides at any time or any place via broadband internet by using the instructions available on DVD. During class, students report and discuss the histological findings of the virtual teaching slides with tutors who evaluate, test, and make constructive comments on the presentations in a Web-based computer classroom. After class, students can revise the histological findings of the microscopic virtual slides available on the server.
Virtual microscopy has many advantages over real microscopy in oral and maxillofacial pathology education. Furthermore, telepathology could also be applied in other pathological services, such as intraoperative frozen sections, routine surgical pathology, and subspecialty consultation.
... 5 That patented system allowed for z-stacks created through an automated system, but only a portion of the slide was imaged (5 mm 3 10 mm). 5 The most notable limitation that we identified was that a reliable correlation was not established between virtual PT and the actual work environment. This problem was noticed first when the first test was administered. ...
The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of virtual microscopy (VM) as an avenue for the delivery of mandatory cytology proficiency tests).
Three senior cytotechnologists and 2 board-certified cytopathologists participated in 3 virtual proficiency tests. Each set consisted of 10 ThinPrep slides that were digitized by an Aperio T3 ScanScope. The cytologic diagnoses covered the range of interpretive guidelines provided by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Each cytotechnologist followed the requirement of a primary screener with the cytopathologists utilizing the secondary screener option.
Analysis of the diagnostic interpretation of the first proficiency test showed correct classification of 100% of normal and abnormal cells for primary and secondary screeners. The second proficiency test analysis revealed a 93.3% correct classification (100% using CMS guidelines) among the primary screeners. The secondary screeners gave a 100% correct classification. The final proficiency test had primary screeners and secondary screeners with 100% correct classification.
The current results confirmed the feasibility of VM for proficiency tests with 2 main problems noted. First, primary screeners had difficulties meeting the mandatory time allocation; however, with increased familiarity with the software, the screening times decreased. Second, the 3-dimensional nature of certain lesions made them difficult to interpret even on monolayered, liquid-based preparations. Creation of a more user-friendly software interface and better methods to capture depth of focus should make this a valid measure of cervicovaginal cytopathologic interpretive competence.
... The diversity in telepathology systems reflects growing technological advances in this area and the increasing importance of telepathology in education, training, quality assurance and teleconsultation. [10][11][12][13][14][15] Numerous pathology archives abound on the Internet, providing links to both educational and commercial telepathology websites. These offer access to either static or dynamic image delivery systems. ...
... These offer access to either static or dynamic image delivery systems. [13][14][15] 2. ...
Many systems have already been designed and successfully used for sharing histology images over large distances, without transfer of the original glass slides. Rapid evolution was seen when digital images could be transferred over the Internet. Nowadays, sophisticated Virtual Microscope systems can be acquired, with the capability to quickly scan large batches of glass slides at high magnification and compress and store the large images on disc, which subsequently can be consulted through the Internet. The images are stored on an image server, which can give simple, easy to transfer pictures to the user specifying a certain magnification on any position in the scan. This offers new opportunities in histology review, overcoming the necessity of the dynamic telepathology systems to have compatible software systems and microscopes and in addition, an adequate connection of sufficient bandwidth. Consulting the images now only requires an Internet connection and a computer with a high quality monitor. A system of complete pathology review supporting bio-repositories is described, based on the implementation of this technique in the European Human Frozen Tumor Tissue Bank (TuBaFrost).
... An ideal computer-based proficiency testing method for gynecologic cytopathology would allow participants to view digital images representing an entire cytologic glass slide at the same feature resolution currently available with light microscopy. 5,26,27 The digital images would be stacked along the 3-dimensional z plane, allowing cytopathologists and cytotechnologists to change focal planes. The system would be fast enough to allow for the completion of the diagnostic tasks in a time span that is competitive with light microscopy. ...
Background.—Modern digital cameras can acquire images from cytologic slides at sufficient resolution to allow for digital enlargement and scrolling on a video monitor, allowing for the simulation of microscopy using a computer.
Objective.—The purpose of this study was to develop a tool for proficiency testing in cytopathology using multiple digital images of Papanicolaou tests.
Methods.—Nine images were photographed from each of 10 Papanicolaou tests at ×100 optical magnification, 3400 × 2300-pixel resolution, using a light microscope and a digital camera. All images from each case were tiled in a single canvas with Photoshop 4.0 software. Two cytopathologists and 3 cytotechnologists interpreted these “virtual slides” using a computer and graded diagnostic codes (PAP program, College of American Pathologists). Subjects were retested a year later using the glass slides from the same cases and routine microscopy. Both test results, by diagnostic code, were compared with the McNemar test of symmetry.
Results.—The 5 test subjects provided 42 and 50 correct diagnostic codes by “virtual microscopy” and light microscopy, respectively. No significant asymmetry in results obtained by virtual microscopy and light microscopy was encountered with the McNemar test of symmetry. All test answers were correctly classified by selection series, using both virtual microscopy and light microscopy, and the responses would have been graded as 100% by current PAP program scoring guidelines. This suggests that virtual microscopy could be used for proficiency testing purposes.
Conclusions.—A simple virtual microscopy method designed to challenge participants to locate and diagnose cells of interest was effective for the administration of standardized proficiency tests. Virtual microscopy methods that rely on single-plane images to locate and diagnose cells of interest could provide effective proficiency testing tools prior to the development of more computationally intensive systems that represent an entire Papanicolaou test at multiple focal planes.
Amidst the current health crisis and social distancing, telemedicine has become an important part of mainstream of healthcare, and building and deploying computational tools to support screening more efficiently is an increasing medical priority. The early identification of cervical cancer precursor lesions by Pap smear test can identify candidates for subsequent treatment. However, one of the main challenges is the accuracy of the conventional method, often subject to high rates of false negative. While machine learning has been highlighted to reduce the limitations of the test, the absence of high-quality curated datasets has prevented strategies development to improve cervical cancer screening. The Center for Recognition and Inspection of Cells (CRIC) platform enables the creation of CRIC Cervix collection, currently with 400 images (1,376 × 1,020 pixels) curated from conventional Pap smears, with manual classification of 11,534 cells. This collection has the potential to advance current efforts in training and testing machine learning algorithms for the automation of tasks as part of the cytopathological analysis in the routine work of laboratories.
Las láminas virtuales se presentan como una nueva técnica y herramienta en la interpretación de la CCV. Este proyecto de investigación busca establecer la concordancia existente entre el diagnóstico hecho a través de LV y el realizado en LC. Se contó con la participación de cuatro patólogos y dos citólogos, quienes analizaron 98 láminas por los dos métodos. Para el análisis de las LV se diseñó el programa informático kadiview, donde se encuentran las imágenes fotodigitales de los campos más representativos de cada LC y los datos clínicos de la paciente. El coeficiente de concordancia kappa para la clasificación general de negativo y positivo para neoplasia en los diagnósticos convencional vs. virtual fue 0.63, indicando una buena concordancia. El coeficiente kappa obtenido al analizar las categorías diagnósticas dentro de lo positivo para neoplasia, fue de 0.55 representando una concordancia moderada. Además, mediante una encuesta se estableció que el programa kadiview puede llegar a ser una herramienta muy útil para el diagnóstico en LV debido a sus características de presentación de fotos y datos clínicos. Todo lo anterior permite establecer que las LV pueden ser un método alternativo y muy útil en el diagnóstico acertado de CCV, utilizando un programa como kadiview. Abreviaturas: CCV, citología cervicovaginal; LC, láminas convencionales; LV, láminas virtuales.
The present chapter deals with state-of-the-art topics related to the application of information and communication technologies to the field of pathology, in particular for what regards telepathology and the so-called digital pathology. A classification of telepathology techniques is provided together with their typical applications. Starting from a definition of virtual or digital slide, digital pathology techniques and issues are then discussed.
Cytology evaluation is a safe, efficient, and well-established technique for the diagnoses of many diseases. Its ability to reduce the mortality and morbidity of cervical cancer is through mass screening to early detect dysplasia or pre-invasive cancer cells. Classical cytological diagnosis is based on microscopic observation of specialized cells and qualitative assessment using descriptive criteria, which may be inconsistent because of subjective variability of different observers. Recently, web-based learning is becoming prevalent in schools and enterprises around the world for its advantages of providing easy access to information and knowledge, supporting ubiquitous learning environment, and increasing cost-effectiveness for both educational institution and students. The objectives of this study were to design automatic classifiers based on integrated genetic algorithm (GA) and support vector machine (SVM) to cluster four different types of cervical cells and to discriminate dysplasia from normal cells, as well as to implement a web-based cytopathology training and testing system to increase learning efficiency of cytopathologic education. A prototypic system composed of a microscope, digital camera, personal computer, cellular processing and analyzing program, and cell classifier was designed to facilitate acquisition, image processing and analysis, and classification of cell images. Furthermore, a web-based cytopathology training and testing (WBCTT) systems were developed based on the classified cell images to train students, resident physicians, and novice pathologists to discriminate various types of cervical cells. The experimental results demonstrate that the classification and diagnostic accuracy achieves 96.82% and 99.6% , respectively. System evaluation based on questionnaire survey of extended technology acceptance model (TAM) shows that the proposed system embedded with cell classifier and WBCTT is useful in cytopathology diagnosis and training.Most of the users agreed the operation interface is friendly and easy to use. They also expressed strong behaviour intention to further adopt the system. It is expected to have significant contributions in increasing diagnostic efficiency and promoting learning efficiency.
