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Cypsela and seed anatomy. A. Microgyne marchesiana. B. Microgyne trifurcata. Abbreviations: En, endosperm; Ep, epicarp; Pa, parenchyma; Te, testa epidermis; Tr, trichome. (A from Bonifacino et al. 1178, MVFA; B from Bottino 470, LP).
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South American Microgyne Less. is resurrected from the synonymy of Microgynella. Microgyne Cass. is a nomen nudum and therefore not validly published. The replacement generic name Microgynella, a homotypic synonym of Microgyne Less., is illegitimate and superfluous. A revision is presented for the two species of Microgyne, one herein described as n...
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Citations
... Microgyne trifurcata Less. (1832) is a species of Asteraceae endemic to central-eastern Argentina, southern Brazil, and Uruguay (Heiden and Sancho 2016;Sancho 2014;Sancho and Ariza Espinar 2003;Sancho et al. 2006). Most of the range of M. trifurcata involves the so-called Pampas region, which is dominated by natural grasslands and is one of the areas with the highest human impact on the environment of southern South America (e.g., Magrín et al. 2005;Miñarro and Bilenca 2008). ...
... Microgyne trifurcata is a perennial herb or small sub-shrub with glandular leaves, distinctly trifid apically, solitary capitula, and marginal white corollas that occurs in dry, clayey, calcareous and rocky soils, and roadsides up to 1300 m a.s.l. (Sancho et al. 2006) (Fig. 1a-f). The populations of M. trifurcata are rather small and usually consist of a few sparsely arranged individuals where specific local environmental characteristics are met. ...
... We obtained historical occurrence data from specimens of five herbaria (BAB, CORD, LP, MO, MVFA, SI; Thiers, continuously updated), field observations, and specific literature (Sancho et al. 2006;Sancho 2014). We completed a database of 116 records of Microgyne trifurcata. ...
Microgyne trifurcata is a rare native plant species from one of the areas with the highest human impact on the environment in southern South America. Its habitat, mostly grasslands suitable for agriculture, has been increasingly covered by crops since the late 1800s. Microgyne trifurcata provides an excellent case study to understand how different environmental variables have affected the distribution area of a rare species. This study aims to estimate the impact of topoclimatic and land-use changes in the distribution of Microgyne trifurcata throughout the 20th century. We carried out recent past and present distribution modelling using the Ensembles of Small Models (ESM) methodology. In this spatio-temporal study, we included climatic, topographic, and land-use variables. We classified the occurrences into two periods of the 20th century. The first dates from 1901 to 1940, and the second, from 1960 to 2000, when the main cropping changes of the area occurred. The projected area between 1960 and 2000 provides for this species new suitable habitats towards the northeast of the area of study. Our results highlight the importance of assessing the combined impacts of climate and land-use changes on species distributions over time. This study shows that the potential area of Microgyne trifurcata decreased and underwent fragmentation throughout the 20th century when these variables combined are used to model its distribution. Our outcomes prompt future studies on the vulnerability of Microgyne trifurcata to outline conservation strategies.
... Sprengel 1556) of Galinsoga angustifolia Sprengel (1821: 138) ≡ Calea angusta Blake (1930: 258), which is "heterotypic" with Ageratum angustifolium Sprengel (1826: 446) (Sellow s.n. at P00117060 ex Herb. Sprengel 546), cannot be from "Monte Video", as indicated in the protolog of the latter, since this taxon is centered in Bahia, Brazil, and is unknown from Uruguay (see Sancho et al. 2006). In Flora brasiliensis, Baker (1884) cited Sellow 590, 597, and 1001 as from "Bahia, ad Nazaré etc.". ...
The names Galinsoga megapotamica and G. uniflora (Asteraceae) are investigated. Specimens from Kurt Sprengel’s private herbarium, currently at the Paris Herbarium (P), are designated as lectotypes. These names are currently recognized under Hymenoxys and Helenium, respectively. Galinsoga megapotamica is proposed as a new heterotypic synonym of Hymenoxys tweediei, having nomenclatural priority over the latter, therefore I here propose its nomenclatural transfer as Hymenoxys megapotamica comb. nov. (≡ G. megapotamica). Similarly, Galinsoga uniflora is proposed as a new heterotypic synonym of Actinea heterophylla and Helenium radiatum (≡ Cephalophora radiata). Although Actinea heterophylla has nomenclatural priority over both G. uniflora and C. radiata, the epithet heterophyllum is unavailable in Helenium due to H. heterophyllum published by Candolle. Since Galinsoga uniflora is the next earliest legitimate name at the same rank, its final epithet is to be used instead, under Art. 14.1 of the ICN, thus a new combination is proposed: Helenium uniflorum comb. nov. (≡ G. uniflora). Additionally, lectotypes for the names Conyza oblongifolia, Hymenoxys tweediei and Onoseris stricta are designated, and remarks about the provenance of Friedrich Sellow’s collections related to Sprengel’s names in Asteraceae are also provided.
... (Astereae: Podocominae) possui distribuição geográfica restrita ao centro-sul da América do Sul, e inclui ervas perenes, com tricomas lanosos e glandulares, folhas de contorno oblanceolado, trifurcadas até pinatífidas, capítulos solitários, com brácteas involucrais dispostas em 2-4 séries, e flores heteromorfas; as marginais, pistiladas, com corola estreitamente tubular de ápice ligulado, e as do disco, perfeitas, de corola tubular, 5denteadas em sua parte distal. As cipselas, por sua vez, são turbinadas e densamente seríceopubescentes (recobertas por tricomas gêmeos) e o papilho barbelado ou escabroso, disposto em 2-séries (Nesom, 1994;Sancho et al., 2006). ...
... Visando à complementação de dados referentes à distribuição geográfica e o status de conservação da espécie estudada, foram analisadas exsicatas dos seguintes herbários: CTES, HAS, HBR, FLOR, ICN, MVM, MVFA, PACA e SI (Thiers, 2014); no entanto, não foram encontradas coletas adicionais àquelas já mencionadas no protólogo da espécie (Sancho et al. 2006: 853-855) e as presentemente citadas neste estudo. Na descrição morfológica foram utilizadas as terminologias adotadas por Sancho et al.(2006). Para as ilustrações foram utilizados lupa binocular QUIMIS 766 com câmara clara acoplada. ...
A família Asteraceae está distribuída em todos os continentes do mundo, com exceção da Antártida e reúne cerca de 30.000 espécies nos dois hemisférios. Com objetivo de catalogar as espécies desta importante família há um esforço para registrar os táxons ocorrentes na flora brasileira. O trabalho foi elaborado através de revisão bibliográfica e coletas feitas no Cerro Chato, em Santana do Livramento. Também foram realizadas excursões de coleta em prováveis locais de ocorrência de Microgyne Marchesiana, nas regiões fisiográficas da Campanha e Serra do Sudeste. Os indivíduos coletados foram georreferenciados, fotografados e identificados através de consulta bibliográfica. O material coletado foi anexado ao Herbário da Unipampa, campus Dom Pedrito. Microgyne Marchesiana foi coletada na localidade de Cerro Chato, no município de Santana do Livramento. Trata-se de uma espécie típica de afloramentos rochosos, as populações possuem escassos indivíduos, que crescem em fissuras de rochas de origem vulcânica. A distribuição geográfica é inferior a 1000 km2, as populações contêm poucos indivíduos e têm habitat especializado, pois ocorrem exclusivamente em fendas de afloramentos rochosos. De acordo com os critérios da IUCN, a espécie deve ser considerada como “Em Perigo”.
... The general anatomical structure of cypsela observed here for Podocoma is in agreement with that of Microgyne trifurcata Less. described by Grau (1975) and Sancho, Bonifacino & Pruski (2006), and that of Podocoma described by Velez (1981). Our study confirms the mesocarp structure of Podocoma reported by Mukherjee & Sarkar (2001). ...
Podocoma is a southern South American genus of perennial herbs with short-radiate capitula with two-to four-seriate ray florets and a two-to three-seriate pappus of scabridulous setae. The ray florets have corollas with narrow limbs. The rostrate cypsela of Podocoma is one of the most distinct features of the genus. Podocoma, with many of the endemic southern South American genera of Astereae, is included in subtribe Podocominae. Podocoma traditionally contained seven mainly Brazilian species (P. asperrima, P. bellidifolia, P. blanchetiana, P. hieracifolia, P. hirsuta, P. regnellii and P. spegazzinii), and its expansion to include two species of Conyza (C. notobellidiastrum and C. rivularis) was, perhaps, the most significant recent change in the generic concept of Podocoma. However, recent molecular-and morphology-based phylogenetic analyses do not support the inclusion of these two species in Podocoma. Morphological and anatomical studies were carried out in order to clarify the taxonomy of Podocoma and to delimit the genus and its species. On the basis of the results of these morphological and anatomical studies, and those from molecular-and morphology-based phylogenetic analyses, P. notobellidiastrum and P. rivularis are excluded from Podocoma and transferred to a new genus that is currently under description. Moreover, P. regnellii and P. asperrima are placed in synonymy with P. hirsuta and P. spegazzinii, respectively. Three species, P. bellidifolia, P. blanchetiana and P. hieracifolia, are recognized here as a complex of closely related species from a morphological point of view; however, they are treated separately.
... The general anatomical structure of cypsela observed here for Podocoma is in agreement with that of Microgyne trifurcata Less. described by Grau (1975) and Sancho, Bonifacino & Pruski (2006), and that of Podocoma described by Velez (1981). Our study confirms the mesocarp structure of Podocoma reported by Mukherjee & Sarkar (2001). ...
Podocoma is a southern South American genus of perennial herbs with short-radiate capitula with two- to four-seriate ray florets and a two- to three-seriate pappus of scabridulous setae. The ray florets have corollas with narrow limbs. The rostrate cypsela of Podocoma is one of the most distinct features of the genus. Podocoma, with many of the endemic southern South American genera of Astereae, is included in subtribe Podocominae. Podocoma traditionally contained seven mainly Brazilian species (P. asperrima, P. bellidifolia, P. blanchetiana, P. hieracifolia, P. hirsuta, P. regnellii and P. spegazzinii), and its expansion to include two species of Conyza (C. notobellidiastrum and C. rivularis) was, perhaps, the most significant recent change in the generic concept of Podocoma. However, recent molecular- and morphology-based phylogenetic analyses do not support the inclusion of these two species in Podocoma. Morphological and anatomical studies were carried out in order to clarify the taxonomy of Podocoma and to delimit the genus and its species. On the basis of the results of these morphological and anatomical studies, and those from molecular- and morphology-based phylogenetic analyses, P. notobellidiastrum and P. rivularis are excluded from Podocoma and transferred to a new genus that is currently under description. Moreover, P. regnellii and P. asperrima are placed in synonymy with P. hirsuta and P. spegazzinii, respectively. Three species, P. bellidifolia, P. blanchetiana and P. hieracifolia, are recognized here as a complex of closely related species from a morphological point of view; however, they are treated separately. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 163, 486–513.
... Only Asteropsis, Inulopsis, Microgyne, and Sommerfeltia, four genera with radiate and usually solitary capitula, appear to form a monophyletic group in both the current (Fig. 37.1D ⑤) and the more restricted analyses. A close relationship among these genera is in agreement with other studies based on morphological and molecular data (Nesom 1994c, d;Sancho et al. 2006;Sancho and Karaman-Castro 2008). ...
... Only Asteropsis, Inulopsis, Microgyne, and Sommerfeltia, four genera with radiate and usually solitary capitula, appear to form a monophyletic group in both the current (Fig. 37.1D ⑤) and the more restricted analyses. A close relationship among these genera is in agreement with other studies based on morphological and molecular data (Nesom 1994c, d;Sancho et al. 2006;Sancho and Karaman-Castro 2008). ...
... Microgyne and Sommerfeltia were both monotypic until one new species was added for each genus (Chebataroff 1981;Sancho et al. 2006). Nesom questioned the monophyly of Sommerfeltia (1994b) by considering the entire leaves, fertile disc florets, and differently shaped cypselae of S. cabrerae Chebat. ...
... Nesom (1994c) recognized four species in the mainly Brazilian genus Inulopsis and suggested its close intergeneric relationship to other members of South American Podocominae, although he pointed out its resemblance to other Austro-Brazilian genera of Conyzinae such as Leptostelma D. Don, Apopyros G. L. Nesom, and Hysterionica Willd. Previously, only morphological studies have been performed on this group of mostly endemic and restricted South American genera (Nesom 1994a-c;Sancho et al. 2006), of which some of its rare species have been poorly collected and are not well known. In the present investigation we carry out phylogenetic analyses based on morphological and molecular data for all genera of American Podocominae. ...
... Morphological Data Set-Morphological characters (Appendix 1) were scored from the specimens deposited in BM, CORD, CTES, F, K, LP, MO, MVFA, NY, S, SI, and US (Appendix 2) and the literature (e.g. Cabrera 1966Cabrera , 1978Cuatrecasas 1969;Nesom 1990Nesom , 1994aNesom -c, e, 2001Giuliano 2000;Sancho and Ariza Espinar 2003;Paz Deble et al. 2005;Sancho et al. 2006). Morphological data of the Australasian genera were obtained primarily from Lowrey et al. (2001), Lowrey (pers. ...
A molecular and morphological phylogenetic analysis of South American Podocominae is herein performed. Taxa of both South American and Australasian Podocominae as well as members of other subtribes of Astereae were included in the analyses. Sequence data from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and the plastid trnL-trnF intergenic spacer regions were used in the molecular analysis to assess relationships among the South American genera of Podocominae. The trnL-trnF intergenic spacer provided only six informative characters. In contrast, the ITS region was more variable. Our results showed that: 1) neither the South American genera of Podocominae nor the whole subtribe Podocominae are monophyletic; 2) South American and Australasian genera, initially placed in the subtribe Podocominae on the basis of morphological characters, show no evidence of close relationship in our phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data; 3) Our results do not confirm Podocoma in its current concept as monophyletic; 4) Asteropsis, Inulopsis, Microgyne, and Sommerfeltia form a close assemblage; 5) Microgyne is monophyletic when molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses are performed, thus supporting previous morphology based studies; and 6) the morphological characters used to define the subtribe Podocominae are homoplastic in the context of the present morphological and DNA sequence based phylogenetic analyses.
Astereae emergiu como um grupo monofilético em inúmeros estudos filogenéticos (BROUILLET et al., 2009; PANERO; FUNK, 2008). A tribo compreende 18 subtribos, 222 gêneros, cerca de 3.100 espécies e apresenta distribuição cosmopolita (BROUILLET et al., 2009; NESOM; ROBINSON, 2007). Na América do Sul, ocorrem 31 gêneros e cerca de 740 espécies (NESOM, 1994e). Os representantes da tribo são geralmente caracterizados pelas anteras ecaudadas e ecalcaradas (Figura 13E), ramos do estilete das flores estaminadas ou bissexuadas triangulares ou lanceolados e com tricomas coletores abaxialmente (Figura 13F) (BROUILLET et al., 2009).
