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Cynoglossum cheirifolium . (A) habit, (B) open corolla, (C) fruiting calyx, (D) detail of leaf indumentum.
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Based on field and herbarium investigations, a systematic synthesis of the critical genus Cynoglossum (Boraginaceae) in Italy is provided. Types, diagnostic characters and original iconographies are given for each native species, together with a revised analytical key. Regional distributions are outlined and a list of selected vouchers is included....
Citations
... The genus Cynoglossum L., belonging to the Boraginaceae, is represented by seventy-eight accepted species distributed in Mediterranean regions, Turkey, China, Pakistan, India, Bhutan, Kenya, and Malaysia (POWO 2023), with about 50-60 species widely present in warmer and temperate regions of both hemispheres. The Mediterranean basin is a main centre of diversity, harbouring about 20 species, which are usually linked to dry, open habitats such as pastures, ruderal sites, and nitrogen-enriched places subject to traditional animal husbandry (Selvi and Sutorý 2012). Due to their weak morphological differentiation and often broad phenotypic polymorphism, it is described as a taxonomically difficult genus. ...
... Its habitat includes dry pastures, fallow fields, mostly on clayey soil, 0-800 m. It is distributed in Western Mediterranean area: North Africa (Morocco to Tunisia), Iberian Peninsula, southern Italy in Calabria, especially on the Ionian side, in Sicily and in the southern part of Sardinia (Selvi and Sutorý 2012). ...
Cynoglossum L. is a taxonomically difficult genus belonging to the Boraginaceae family, distributed in Asia, Europe, mainly in Turkey, and in the Mediterranean region. Plants of this genus are used against various diseases in the ethnomedicine of several countries. In the present study, the chemical composition of the essential oil was obtained from the hydrodistillation of aerial parts of the Sicilian accession of Cynoglossum clandestinum Desf. was analysed by GC and GC-MS. The main constituents of the essential oil were aldehydes and ketones (69.9%) with nonanal (18.9%), 4-sec-butoxy-2-butanone (18.1%), and 3-methyl-butanal (13.1%) as main metabolites. No one paper has been previously published on the essential oil of this species, and there is a lack of studies also in the near related genera. The aim of this work is in fact, to study a species that has never been investigated, and through this, try to help place it within the Boraginaceae family.
... Hilliard and Burtt (1986) Retief and Van Wyk (1996) recorded C. obtusicalyx Retief & A.E. Van Wyk, the only species endemic to South Africa. While a comprehensive revision is still lacking for southern African species, revisionary work has been undertaken mainly at regional or country level, for example East Africa (Verdcourt, 1991), China (Shu, 1995), Comoro Islands and Madagascar (Miller 2005), Italy (Selvi and Sutory 2012), Nepal (Kӧnig et al. 2015), and Taiwan (Hsiao and Liu 1998 Hilliard & B.L. Burtt (Germishuizen and Meyer 2003). This paper aims to provide a taxonomic revision of the southern African species, to provide a diagnostic key, as well as to lay out their distribution maps in the region. ...
The aim of the study is to provide a revision of the genus Cynoglossum in southern Africa. The genus is taxonomically problematic within the family Boraginaceae, due to the morphological similarities it shares with other closely related genera in the family. Cynoglossum plants are low-growing biennial, perennial, or rarely annual herbs which are recognizable by their hairy stems and leaves, the latter are usually basal and long petiolate. Based on the latest checklist, a total of eight species of this genus are listed for the study region : C. alticola, C. amabile, C. austroafricanum, C. coeruleum var. mannii, C. hispidum, C. lanceolatum, C. obtusicalyx (endemic to South Africa), and C. spelaeum . The occurrence of C. amabile in the region, however, requires further investigation since the only existing specimen was collected within a protected area in the KwaZulu-Natal Province. Two specimens collected in the Doornpoort area in Pretoria, Gauteng Province, assigned to this species appear to have been misidentified. Diagnostic characters are described, correct nomenclature, synonyms, typification, distribution maps, as well as the key for identifying the studied species are provided.
... The meristematic tissue was then rinsed in distilled water, hydrolyzed in 1 M HCl at 60 °C for 6-7 min and stained in lacto-propionic orcein overnight. The meristems were dissected and squashed in a drop of 45% acetic acid (Dyer 1979;Selvi and Sutorý 2012). Metaphase plates were examined with a Zeiss Axioscop light microscope under oil immersion (× 100). ...
Odontarrhena is a taxonomically difficult genus of the tribe Alysseae, including a number of critical species complexes in the Balkan Peninsula. One of these is O. baldaccii, which was previously included in the inconsistent taxon Alyssum fallacinum but recently shown to be distinct from it. In this paper, we analyzed the still uncertain taxonomic circumscription of O. baldaccii by a comparative analysis of the population from the type locality in Crete and other populations from mainland Greece, which were previously attributed to A. fallacinum or dubitatively included in O. baldaccii s.l. The results supported the separation of these mainland populations in a new distinct species, here described as Odontarrhena stridii, sp. nov. Plant habit, leaf shape and size and silicle shape were the major distinguishing morphological characters. Molecular data also suggested divergence between the two groups of populations, while supporting their phylogenetic affinity. The two species are diploid schizo-endemics with 2n = 16, allopatric distribution and specialization for serpentine soils. Shoot Ni concentrations well above 1000 µg g−1 dry weight were confirmed for the Cretan population of O. baldaccii and found for the first time in two populations of O. stridii, which is therefore a new hyperaccumulating species of the Balkan Mediterranean flora. An updated key to the Greek Odontarrhena taxa is provided.
... The Boraginaceae family includes a wide group of plants (about 2000 species) with potential antimicrobial/antiviral, antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities, possibly related to multiple biologically active molecules such as naphthaquinones, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenols (Helmst€ adter 2016). Cynoglossum creticum Mill belongs to the Boraginaceae family and is native, common, and widely distributed in all Italian regions (Selvi and Sutor y 2012). It is traditionally used as a remedy for cold head and other inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, such as cough, laryngitis, throat inflammation, against purulent boils, and running sores (Palmese et al. 2001;Helmst€ adter 2016). ...
Cynoglossum creticum Mill (Boraginaceae) is used traditionally as a remedy to manage several human ailments. In this context, the present study aimed to perform multiple pharmacological investigations on the hydroalcoholic extracts prepared from Cynoglossum roots and aerial parts (leaves and flowers). We evaluated the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory (against cholinesterases, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, lipase and tyrosinase) activity of the extracts. The protective effect(s) of the extracts on cardiomyocyte C2C12 and intestinal HCT116 cell lines challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was studied. We found that the aerial parts harbored the highest amount of phenolic compounds. Generally, aerial parts showed significant antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects. Leaves exhibited the best lipase inhibitory activity (173.15 mgOE/g extract), followed by flowers and roots. The root and aerial extracts were equally able to blunt intracellular H2O2 induced reactive oxygen species production from both C2C12 and HCT116 cell lines. Both cells lines could be treated with scalar concentrations of root and flower extracts in the range 50–300 μg/mL without interferences on cell viability. In conclusion, the present study showed protective effects exerted by Cynoglossum extracts, which could serve as a foundation for the development of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals derived from Cynoglossum.
... Paracaryum erysimifolium and P. hirsutum were situated in subcluster R; P. racemosum var. racemosum was in sub-cluster S. Paracaryum, Adelocaryum, Lindelofia, Mattiastrum, Pardoglossum, Rindera, Solenanthus genera are accepted as segregated from Cynoglossum (Selvi and Sutorý, 2012;Weigend et al., 2013;Cohen, 2013). According to the most recent phylogenetic hypothesis (Weigend et al., 2013), the core-Cynoglosseae clade segregates into two large groups, one containing Cynoglossum/Paracynoglossum and these segregated genera while the other also comprises Cynoglossum/Paracynoglossum, together with Microula and Cynoglossum-Pectocarya-Plagiobothrys-Amsinckia-Cryptantha-Hackelia. ...
Paracaryum is a medium sized genus in Cynoglosseae. This study represents the most comprehensive phytochemical investigation of Paracaryum to date. The fatty acid compositions of the fruits of ten Paracaryum taxa belonging to three different subgenera were investigated for chemotaxonomic allocation using gas chromatography. The fatty acid profiles of seven Paracaryum taxa, five of which are endemic to Turkey, were recorded for the first time. Among the twenty-two analysed fatty acids, oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids were the major fatty acids represented. The oleic acid content ranged from 22.1% in P. hirsutum to 51.7% in P. lithospermifolium subsp. cariense var. erectum; linolenic acid content ranged from 8.6% in P. lithospermifolium subsp. cariense var. erectum to 20.7% in P. erysimifolium; α-linolenic acid content ranged from 7.5% in P. lithospermifolium subsp. cariense var. erectum to 13.5% in P. cristatum subsp. cristatum; gamma linolenic acid content ranged from 2.8% in P. erysimifolium to 6.0% in P. hirsutum. Additional fatty acids also displayed varying levels in different species; palmitic acid content accounted for 17.7% in P. erysimifolium, erucic acid content was 8.73% in P. strictum, eicosenoic acid content was 6.0% in P. cristatum subsp. cristatum, eicosadienoic acid content was 4.4% in P. hirsutum, and stearic acid content was 4.3% in P. erysimifolium. The classification of the tribe Cynoglosseae remains controversial despite the many intensive morphological and phylogenetic investigations that have been carried out. Our fatty acid data from Paracaryum were analysed together with previously recorded fatty acid data from Cynoglosseae s.l. taxa to examine the chemotaxonomic contribution to the classification among taxa in Cynoglosseae by multivariate methods, including the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and principal component analysis. An assessment of these chemometrics data supported the chemotaxonomic position of the genus Paracaryum in the tribe Cynoglosseae. While the principal component graphic did not depict clear separation of the three subgenera of Paracaryum, the principal component analysis revealed the chemotaxonomic significance of palmitic, linoleic, capric, and oleic acids.
... For the species identification, we mainly referred to Pignatti (1982) and Tutin et al. (1964Tutin et al. ( -1980. In critical cases we also considered monographs (D'Amato, 1955(D'Amato, , 1957Ietswaart, 1980;Nardi, 1984;Brilli-Cattarini & Gubellini, 1986;Castroviejo et al., 1986;Ravnik, 1988;Kirschner & Štěpánek, 1998;Brullo et al., 2000;Snogerup & Snogerup, 2001;Marchetti, 2004;Tison, 2004;Peruzzi & Gargano, 2005;Garbari et al., 2008;Persson, 2008;Bacchetta et al., 2010;Iamonico, 2011;Selvi & Sutorý, 2012;Scassellati et al., 2013;Slovák et al., 2012;Tison et al., 2013;Al-Shehbaz, 2014;Arrigoni 2014;Cecchi et al., 2014;Foggi et al., 2014;Arrigoni 20125;Astuti et al., 2015;Peruzzi et al., 2015;Roma-Marzio et al., 2015). Scientific names are attributed according to Conti et al. (2005Conti et al. ( , 2007. ...
Vascular Flora of Monte Sparviere (Southern Italy, Pollino Massif). A floristic survey of Monte Sparviere was carried out from 2012 to 2015, allowing us to record 377 specific and subspecific taxa, belonging to 229 genera and 64 families. The most represented families are Asteraceae (55 taxa), Poaceae (30), Fabaceae (28), Rosaceae (23) and Lamiaceae (19). Italian endemic species reach the 8.5% and no exotic species are recorded except three conifers used for reforestation. Biological spectrum shows a dominance of Hemicryptophytes, with a moderate percentage of Therophytes. The chorological analysis shows a dominance of species belonging to the Eurosibiric region, albeit Mediterranean region is also well represented. The ecological spectra are in agreement with climatic and geo-pedologic features, with variations mainly related to woody coverage and altitude. Finally, Potentilla pedata Willd. ex Hornem. was confirmed for the flora of Basilicata; Dianthus sternbergii Capelli was excluded from the flora of Basilicata and Calabria whereas Dianthus hyssopifolius L. resulted new for both regions.
... striatus (Conti et al. 2005;Giardina et al. 2007) are based on misidentifications and accordingly are to be excluded from the flora of Sicily (Bartolucci & Domina 2014;Bartolucci & Peruzzi 2014). The aim of this work, as other taxonomic revisions of some critical taxa such as Tamarix (Venturella et al. 2007), Gagea (Peruzzi et al. 2009), Orobanche ) and Cynoglossum (Selvi & Sutorý 2012), is to propose a revised taxonomy according to the latest nomenclatural novelties and to provide an updated geographic distribution. This study is also carried out within the initiative "Italian Loci Classici Census" Peruzzi et al. 2015), aimed at finding the original material used to describe vascular plants occurring in Italy (e.g. ...
An update on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of the genus Thymus in Sicily is given. This study is based on literature, herbarium and field investigations. In total, five taxa belonging to Thymus sect. Serpyllum (Th. richardii subsp. nitidus, Th. longicaulis and Th. praecox subsp. parvulus) and Th. sect. Hyphodromi (Th. spinulosus and Th. paronychioides) occur in Sicily. For each one, information about taxonomy, habitat, phenology, chromosome number and distribution are provided. Furthermore, the name Thymus pedicillatus Lojac. is here typified. Finally, an analytical key for the identification of the studied taxa is proposed.
... In recent years, increasing efforts in the taxonomic study of Italian vascular flora allowed the description of several new taxa (e.g. Conti 2010;Ernandes et al. 2010;Troia & Raimondo 2010; Barberis & Nardi 2011;Nardi 2011;Peruzzi 2011;Peruzzi & Carta 2011;Bacchetta et al. 2012;Castellano et al. 2012;Cataldo et al. 2012;Marino et al. 2012;Selvi & Sutorý 2012), including Pinguicula (Conti & Peruzzi 2006;Ansaldi & Casper 2009). ...
A morphometric and taxonomic study of Pinguicula in Northern Apennine was carried out. A new species belonging to sect. Pinguicula, previously referred erroneously to P. vulgaris L. and/or P. leptoceras Rchb., is here described as P. christinae sp. nov. The taxonomic relationship of P. christinae with other octoploid species, such as P. apuana Casper and Ansaldi, P. fiorii Tammaro and Pace, and P. vulgaris s.l. (including also its central Italian endemic subspecies) is discussed.
... New endeavours (Domina & Arrigoni 2007;Jeanmonod 2007;Carló n et al. 2012;Domina & von Raab-Straube 2012;Uhlich 2012) are providing the basis for a comprehensive, updated account of the genus, also in accordance with the "Italian Loci Classici census" project whose aim is to provide the original material of the plants described from Italy ) that instilled new life into nomenclatural research in Italy (e.g. Selvi & Sutorý 2012;Zidorn 2012). The current reference standards, the monographic treatments of Beck (1890Beck ( , 1930, are based partly on the study of herbarium specimens and partly on literature data, and are badly out of date. ...
In the framework of the revision of the genus Orobanche (including Phelipaea) in the Mediterranean area, the original material for 31 names of new taxa described from North Africa by Ball, Battandier, Forsskål, Maire (partly with Emberger and Jahandiez), Persoon, Poiret and Pomel has been analysed. Typification is discussed, and where necessary types are designated. Accepted names and synonyms of the recognized taxa are given. Three species are illustrated, and one new combination (O. inexspectata) is proposed.
Critical species inventories provide primary biodiversity data crucial for biogeographical, ecological, and conservation studies. After six years, a second update to the inventory of the vascular flora native to Italy is presented. It provides details on the occurrence at regional level and, for the first time, floristic data for San Marino. The checklist includes 8,241 species and subspecies, distributed in 1,111 genera and 153 families; 23 taxa are lycophytes, 108 ferns and fern allies, 30 gymnosperms, and 8,080 angiosperms. The species/subspecies endemic to Italy are 1,702, grouped in 71 families and 312 genera. The taxa currently occurring in Italy are 7,591, while 545 taxa have not been confirmed in recent times, 94 are doubtfully occurring in the country, 11 are data deficient, and 236 are reported by mistake and to be excluded at national level. Out of the 545 not confirmed taxa, 28 are considered extinct or possibly extinct.
