Figure 5 - uploaded by Young-Min Shin
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Cydia kamijoi: A, adult, male; B, adult, female; C, head; D, male genitalia; E, female genitalia. <scale bar: 1 mm>.
Source publication
In the present study, we report two lepidopteran pests and their damage on the cones of Abies koreana E. H. Wilson from Mt. Halla, Jeju, South Korea: Cydia kamijoi Oku and Dioryctria abietella (Denis & Schiffermüller). The former is new to Korea, and the latter is well known as an insect pest on cones of various coniferous trees. Larvae of these sp...
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Context 1
... kept several damaged cones without dissection, and six individuals of two moth species emerged from them between late August and early September 2014. Four of them were identified as Cydia kamijoi (Oku Adult (Figure 5AeC). Wingspan. ...
Citations
... however, the seedworms have decidedly different hosts and life cycles. Seedworms are found primarily on pine, spruce and fir and are widely distributed across North America and Eurasia (Cibrián-Tovar et al. 1986;Yates 1986;Shin et al. 2018). The adults have a 10-20 mm wingspan; forewings are, with some exceptions, metallic gray with distinct silver crossbands. ...
... There appears to be a difference in the pheromone components between North American and Swedish populations, suggesting that the two populations may be separate species (Wang et al. 2010;Svensson et al. 2012). Several species are pests of conifers in Asia (Shin et al. 2018). ...
The insects that feed on reproductive structures of forest trees are not only economically important, they are fascinating examples of the ability of insects to adapt to and exploit the many niches available in forest ecosystems. Cones, fruits, seeds, nuts, catkins and pollen are rich food sources available to insect herbivores. These reproductive structures are qualitatively and quantitatively different from vegetative parts of the tree, in terms of food quality, spatial and temporal distribution, and plant protective strategies. In this chapter we will explore types of reproductive structure herbivory, nutritive value and host defenses, insect strategies and community structure, evolutionary consequences for the host, and implications for management.
... Hallasan has declined by 15.2% in 10 years since 2006; according to a survey conducted in 2017-2018, the incidence of dead trees was 28.2% [8,15]. Additionally, it has become difficult to regenerate the natural A. koreana forest because of damage to pinecones caused by insect pests and climate change in the habitat [16,17]. Therefore, appropriate restoration and conservation measures are urgently needed to preserve and maintain the stability of the declining A. koreana population on Mt. ...
... Hallasan has declined by 15.2% in 10 years since 2006; according to a survey conducted in 2017-2018, the incidence of dead trees was 28.2% [8,15]. Additionally, it has become difficult to regenerate the natural A. koreana forest because of damage to pinecones caused by insect pests and climate change in the habitat [16,17]. Therefore, appropriate restoration and conservation measures are urgently needed to preserve and maintain the stability of the declining A. koreana population on Mt. ...
The restoration of damaged or disrupted forests with genetically appropriate restoration planting material that can adapt to future environmental conditions will ensure the conservation of forest genetic resources. Abies koreana is endemic to the Republic of Korea, with declining populations under current environmental changes. In this study, we examined the genetic diversity of its largest population growing on Mt. Hallasan to determine the sampling size of planting material from the population that will ensure 95% coverage of alleles in the population. We evaluated the genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of three subpopulations of A. koreana on Mt. Hallasan. A total of 456 samples were evaluated using 10 microsatellites. The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 0.538 and 0.614 at the population level, respectively. The differences among the subpopulations accounted for 4% of the total variance. Intervals between individuals of the sample to be extracted were based on the two-target distance (5 and 10 m) inferred from the spatial genetic structure. Through random sampling methods considering the target distance, we showed that genetic diversity can be captured by obtaining at least 35 individuals in the population of A. koreana on Mt. Hallasan.
Korean pine is an economically essential afforestation species limited by the unreasonable collection of cones, indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides and pest damage. This study aimed to determine whether spraying bacterial or fungal solutions affected insect pests, cone development, and the seed quality of Korean pine Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. The experiment was conducted in a forest plantation in Linkou County (Heilongjiang, China) in 2019. Four fungal strains and one bacterial strain were applied during the flowering phase of Korean pine. The results after a year and a half of study indicated that a high concentration of Bacillus thuringiensis 223176 promoted cone development, increased seed weight, and reduced the proportion of damaged cones. Under this treatment, there were 15.873% damaged cones; the seed weight reached 0.829 g, and there were 82.738% fully developed cones. Trees treated with the second most effective strain, Beauveria bassiana 122077, had 30.556% damaged cones and an average seed weight of 0.810 g. Leucanicillium antillanum 01 performed the worst in this study. The seed weight was only 0.775 g, and the damaged and fully developed cones were 52.444 and 41.773%, respectively. In summary, spraying bacterial or fungal solutions during the flowering stage of Korean pine positively impacted seed quality and effectively decreased damage by the lepidopteran species that feed on the cones and seeds in this study.
Bu çalışmada; iğne yapraklı orman ağaçları tohum ve kozalaklarında zarara yol açan böceklerin listesinin oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Gerek tohum ticareti gerekse orman ürünlerinde ülkeler arası ticaretin ivme kazanması birçok zararlının dünya genelinde daha da yayılmasına yol açmaktadır. Ayrıca, iklim değişikliğinin etkisi ile birçok tür yeni yayılış alanları bularak, istila alanlarını ve zarar boyutunu artırabilecektir. Bu nedenle, ağaçların kozalak gibi generatif organlarında olumsuz etki gösteren türlerin bilinmesi kaliteli tohum elde edilebilmesi açısından ayrı bir önem arz etmektedir. Yerli ve yabancı alanyazın çalışmalarından elde edilen sonuçlara göre birçok ağaç türünde tohum ve kozalaklarda zarar yapan türler listelenmiştir. Buna göre; 12’si Türkiye odunsu florasındaki doğal iğne yapraklı orman ağacı türü olmak üzere toplam 82 odunsu taksonda 71 tohum ve kozalak zararlısı listelenmiştir. Bu zararlıların 57’si konofag, 14’ü ise seminifag böcek türü olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bazı zararlı türlerinin birden çok ağaç türünde zarara yol açtığı belirlenmiştir. Ağaç türü çeşitliliği açısından zarar spektrumu en geniş türler sırasıyla; Hemiptera takımından Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (1910) (38 ağaç türü), Lepidoptera takımından Dioryctria abietella’yı (16 ağaç türü), 6’şar tür ile Dioryctria abietivorella, D. mendacella ve D. rubella takip etmektedir. En fazla tohum ve kozalak zararlısı 18 farklı herbivor türü ile Picea abies (L.) Karst. türünde tespit edilmiştir. Bu türü 9 zararlı ile Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, 7 türle Picea glauca (Moench) Voss ve Pinus sylvestris L. subsp. hamata (Steven), 6 türle Picea mariana [Mill] B.S.P. ve Pinus strobus L., 5 tür ile Abies alba Mill, Cedrus libani A. Rich ve Pinus pinaster Aiton, 4’er türle Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch, Pinus brutia Ten., Pinus pinea L., Abies lasiocarpa (Hooker) Nuttall, Pinus nigra Arnold ve Cupresus sempervirens L. takip etmiştir. Bu araştırmada ayrıca, ağaç türlerine en fazla zarar yapan türlerin mücadelesi üzerinde de durulmuştur. İklim değişim etkilerinin her geçen gün etkisinin daha şiddetli hissedildiği günümüz koşullarında plantasyon ve gençleştirme başarısı üzerinde dayanıklı klon, genotip ve popülasyonlarının seçim ve kullanımı daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Bu da geleceğin ıslah çalışmalarında resistant ıslahının daha yoğun ve etkin bir araç olarak kullanımını gündeme getirebilecektir.
