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“The collected data strongly suggest that low-level radiation is not harmful, and is, in fact, frequently ‘apparently beneficial’ for human health.” — Kondo, 1993
Media reports of deaths and devastation produced by atomic bombs convinced people around the world that all ionizing radiation is harmful. This concentrated attention on fear of miniscule...
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... The excess relative risk (ERR/Gy) of cerebro-vascular conditions among MPA employees was claimed to be even higher than in LSS [41,42]. Of note, some LSS data assessments are compatible with hormesis [43][44][45][46]. For solid cancers, a dose-response association was detected among atomic bomb survivors who received doses ≤0.5 Sv but not below 0.2 Sv [46][47][48]. ...
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... [46] Of note, some LSS data analyses were compatible with hormesis. [47][48][49] As mentioned above, a dose-response correlation for solid cancers and leukemia was detected in LSS at doses ≤500 mSv but not ≤200 mSv. [23][24][25] Furthermore, the data on kidney cancer in males indicated hormesis: U-shaped dose-response with negative risk estimates at low doses. ...
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... The excess relative risk (ERR/Gy) of cerebrovascular conditions in MPA employees was claimed to be even higher than among atomic bomb survivors in Japan [55,57], where dosedependent selection could have taken place like in other epidemiological studies. Some data assessments of life span studies (LSS) of atomic bomb survivors are compatible with hormesis [58][59][60][61]. For cancers, a dose-response association was detected among the survivors who received doses ≤0.5 Sv but not below 0.2 Sv [61][62][63]. ...
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... However, advances in LDR biology and cell molecular techniques have demonstrated that the LNT model does not appropriately reflect the biological or health effects in the low-dose range [9][10][11][12]. In fact, LDR can positively affect biological processes such as immunity, DNA repair, and cellular stress resistance [11,[13][14][15], and the dose-effect relationship could be hormesis, which is a biphasic dose response relationship in which there are beneficial effects at low doses and harmful effects at high doses [16][17]. There have been many large-scale epidemic studies in populations exposed to low doses of radiation, including atomic bomb survivors [18][19][20], those who have worked with high-background radiation [21][22][23] and those who have received medical diagnosis and disease treatment [24][25][26], but the association between LDR and carcinogenesis is still controversial. ...
Although the health effects of exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation have been the focus of many studies, the affected biological functions and underlying regulatory mechanisms are not well-understood. In particular, the influence of radiation exposure at doses of less than 200 mGy on the regulation of genes and pathways remains unclear. To investigate the molecular alterations induced by varying doses of low-dose radiation (LDR), transcriptomic analysis was conducted based on ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing following exposure to 50 and 150 mGy doses. Human peripheral blood was collected, and the samples were divided into three groups, including two treatments and one control (no radiation). A total of 876 (318 upregulated and 558 downregulated) and 486 (202 upregulated and 284 downregulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after exposure to 50 mGy and 150 mGy, respectively. Most upregulated genes in both the 50 mGy and 150 mGy groups were associated with ‘antigen processing and presentation,’ which appeared to be the major targets affected by LDR exposure. Several interacting genes, including HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQA2, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DRB1, and HLA-DRB5 were mapped to ‘antigen processing and presentation,’ ‘immune system-related diseases’ and the ‘cytokine-mediated signaling pathway,’ suggesting that these genes might drive the downstream transmission of these signal transduction pathways. Our results suggest that exposure to LDR may elicit changes in key genes and associated pathways, probably helping further explore the biological processes and molecular mechanism responsible for low-dose occupational or environmental exposures in humans.
... As suggested in many other biological and medical studies (Clewell et al. 2019), it appears that the natural mechanisms controlling living organisms are much more complex and defy the generally accepted concept of a simple linear cause-effect. Our results also support the notion that low doses of ionizing radiation might not be unambiguously negative (Luckey 2008). ...
The interaction of radionuclide ¹³¹ I and cadmium chloride was investigated by an alternative bioassay using the crustaceans Artemia franciscana . Fifty individuals were placed in each Petri dish. Due to radiation protection, evaluation of the experiment was performed using digital recordings taken by a camera. In the group containing a cadmium solution with an added radionuclide with a volumetric activity of 32 MBq·l ⁻¹ , the lethality was significantly lower than in the group containing only a cadmium solution of 0.250 mmol·l ⁻¹ . In the cadmium solution group and higher volumetric activity of radionuclide ¹³¹ I (370 MBq·l ⁻¹ ), the lethality was significantly higher than in the control group, which demonstrated a synergistic effect. It was found that lethality was lower in the group containing only radionuclide ¹³¹ I with a volumetric activity of 138 MBq·l ⁻¹ than in the control group. This result supports the theory of radiation hormesis.
... The benefit from a moderate exposure to ionizing radiation was reported in A-bomb survivors (Luckey 2008), although these data might be not free from bias due to a better monitoring of the survivors. Occupational exposures were reported to be associated with better health (Prekeges 2003, Jolly andMeyer 2009), which at least in part can be explained by the healthy worker effect. ...
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... The benefit from a moderate exposure to ionizing radiation was reported in A-bomb survivors, 125 although these data might not be free from bias due to a better monitoring of the survivors. Occupational exposures were reported to be associated with better health, 3,4 which at least in part can be explained by the healthy worker effect. ...
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https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0960327111431705?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed
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... Research Group, 1980 and perform poorly (Luckey, 1999a). Modern scientific research indicates that LDIR or LDRIR may increase longevity, enhance growth and development, increase embryo production, augment immune response to prevent diseases and so on (Luckey, 1982(Luckey, , 2006a2008;Upton, 2001;Tang and Loke, 2015). Health benefits from LDIR or LDRIR exposure have been reported in epidemiological studies in different radiation exposure groups including victims of A-bomb attacks, nuclear workers, radiologists and radiation technicians, patients with radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy, flight crews and astronauts, residents living in a high background radiation environment. ...
... Environmental radiation and routine applications of diagnostic chest X-rays, mammograms, and CT scans may prevent cancer occurrence through stimulating the removal of precancerous neoplastically transformed cells, and metastasis of existing cancer may also be prevented (Scott and Di Palma, 2006). Luckey (2008) showed increased health in Japanese survivors of atomic bombs which included decreased mutation, leukemia and solid tissue cancer mortality rates, and increased average lifespan, and concluded that one burst of low dose irradiation elicited a lifetime of improved health. Data collected above therefore suggest that low-level radiation is not harmful, and is, in fact, frequently apparently beneficial for human health (Kondo, 1993). ...
... The benefit from a moderate exposure to ionizing radiation was demonstrated epidemiologically among survivors of atomic explosions [116], although these data might be not free from biases e.g. due to a better medical surveillance of the survivors. ...
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https://www.xiahepublishing.com/2835-3315/CSP-2023-00013
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00278/full
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... On the opposite, in the last decades radiobiological studies in vitro but also in vivo display the existence of nonlinear responses at low doses (Figure 1), such as those characterizing non targeted effects (the so-called bystander effect), genomic instability or adaptive responses [16,[21][22][23], all biological effects involving additional action mechanisms with respect to the induced gene mutations, in the frame of a complex and only partially elucidated scenario of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mithocondrial-nuclear interplay, epigenetic alterations, synthesis and release of cytochines etc. From an epidemiological point of view several studies (see for instance the recent analysis of [24]) on populations resident in geographical areas characterized by high levels of background natural radiation (up to doses of some hundreds mSv per years) did not show an increase in cancer risk proportional to the dose on the basis of LNT model, but seem to suggest an adaptive response to these high levels of IR, with even a reduction in the background risk of cancer. Similar conclusions are proposed by some authors (for instance [25]) examining in detail the shape of the dose-response relationship for leukemia and solid cancers in the low dose range in Japanese atomic bomb survivors. ...
The accident at Tokyo Electric Power Company's (TEPCO's) Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (NPP) has been one of the dominant topic in nuclear safety and it has brought new attention on the matter of accidents in NPPs due to external events related to natural causes. Climate change has risen new risks and the growing probability of extreme external events has increased exposure and vulnerability of workers in the nuclear sector. However extreme natural events are a threat not only to NPPs but to all facilities dealing with radioactive material and in an emergency scenario they can affect the effectiveness and implementation of safety devices and procedures and also prevent communications, causing delays in the readiness of response. It is clear that adaptation strategies are necessary to cope with emerging changes in climate and a new nuclear safety culture is growing, that addresses accidents initiated not only by internal but also by external events.
