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Cultural and microscopic characteristic of endophytic actinomycetes isolates, A-1: Actinomycetes isolate Ca-1 growing on SNA, A-2: microscopic slide for Ca-1 showing spiral shape (X ¼ 400), B-1: Actinomycetes isolate Ca-2 grown on SNA, B-2: microscopic slide for Ca-2 showing spiral shape (X ¼ 400), C-1: Actinomycetes isolate Ca-3 grown on SNA, C-2: microscopic slide for Ca-3 showing spiral shape (X ¼ 600).
Source publication
The biosynthesis of nanoparticles by microorganisms especially endophytic species isolated from medicinal plant are the prime concern of researchers. In the present study, a novel, non-toxic, eco-friendly copper nanoparticles was biosynthesized by endophytic actinomycetes isolate Ca-1 and optimization processes have been endeavored. The endophytic...
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... endophytic actinomycetes isolates represented by Ca-1, Ca-2 and Ca-3 were isolated from Convolvulus arvensis leaves. These actinomycetes isolates were identified as Streptomyces sp. according to grown by cover slip culture methods which confirmed spiral shape of spore chain and pigment production as shown in Fig. 1. Similarly (Rasool & Hemalatha, 2017), synthesized CuNPs by endophytic ...
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... exact position of the surface plasmon mainly depends on the particle size and stability of the corresponding CuNPs. (Díaz-Visurraga et al., 2012). Therefore, in our study, endophytic actinomycetes isolate Ca-1 was considered as most potent isolate due to color change and maximum absorbance peaks. ...
Context 3
... endophytic actinomycetes isolates represented by Ca-1, Ca-2 and Ca-3 were isolated from Convolvulus arvensis leaves. These actinomycetes isolates were identified as Streptomyces sp. according to grown by cover slip culture methods which confirmed spiral shape of spore chain and pigment production as shown in Fig. 1. Similarly (Rasool & Hemalatha, 2017), synthesized CuNPs by endophytic ...
Context 4
... exact position of the surface plasmon mainly depends on the particle size and stability of the corresponding CuNPs. (Díaz-Visurraga et al., 2012). Therefore, in our study, endophytic actinomycetes isolate Ca-1 was considered as most potent isolate due to color change and maximum absor- bance peaks. ...
Citations
... Diverse metal NPs, ranging from silver and gold to copper and magnesium, have been produced using this approach (Gade et al. 2014). Moreover, a plethora of reports demonstrate the biofabrication of nanoparticles like silver, gold alloys, tellurium, platinum, and quantum dots utilizing various microorganisms Mohamed et al., 2019;Narayanan and Sakthivel, 2010;Saad et al., 2018). Recent advancements have expanded the range of organisms employed for green synthesis. ...
... Additionally, SeNPs were proved to have a strong inhibitory effect on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, galactosidase, and protease [112,113]. Consequently, SeNPs antimicrobial mechanism may involve the deterioration of DNA structure and disruption of enzyme functionality, resulting from the generation of hydroxyl free radicals [114]. ...
Background As antibiotics and chemotherapeutics are no longer as efficient as they once were, multidrug resistant
(MDR) pathogens and cancer are presently considered as two of the most dangerous threats to human life. In this
study, Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) biosynthesized by Streptomyces parvulus MAR4, nano‑chitosan (NCh), and their
nanoconjugate (Se/Ch‑nanoconjugate) were suggested to be efficacious antimicrobial and anticancer agents.
Results SeNPs biosynthesized by Streptomyces parvulus MAR4 and NCh were successfully achieved and conjugated.
The biosynthesized SeNPs were spherical with a mean diameter of 94.2 nm and high stability. Yet, Se/Ch‑nanocon‑
jugate was semispherical with a 74.9 nm mean diameter and much higher stability. The SeNPs, NCh, and Se/Ch‑
nanoconjugate showed significant antimicrobial activity against various microbial pathogens with strong inhibitory
effect on their tested metabolic key enzymes [phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH),
glucose‑6‑phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and nitrate reductase (NR)]; Se/Ch‑nanoconjugate was the most
powerful agent. Furthermore, SeNPs revealed strong cytotoxicity against HepG2 (IC50 = 13.04 μg/ml) and moderate
toxicity against Caki‑1 (HTB‑46) tumor cell lines (IC50 = 21.35 μg/ml) but low cytotoxicity against WI‑38 normal cell line
(IC50 = 85.69 μg/ml). Nevertheless, Se/Ch‑nanoconjugate displayed substantial cytotoxicity against HepG2 and Caki‑1
(HTB‑46) with IC50 values of 11.82 and 7.83 μg/ml, respectively. Consequently, Se/Ch‑nanoconjugate may be more
easily absorbed by both tumor cell lines. However, it exhibited very low cytotoxicity on WI‑38 with IC50 of 153.3 μg/ml.
Therefore, Se/Ch‑nanoconjugate presented the most anticancer activity.
Conclusion The biosynthesized SeNPs and Se/Ch‑nanoconjugate are convincingly recommended to be used in bio‑
medical applications as versatile and potent antimicrobial and anticancer agents ensuring notable levels of biosafety,
environmental compatibility, and efficacy.
Keywords Streptomyces parvulus, Biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles, Selenium/chitosan‑nanoconjugate,
Antimicrobial, Enzymes, Anticancer
... The observed spectrum revealed that the characteristic pattern of Cu-NPs was accomplished by reducing copper ions with metabolites in cell-free supernatants. At the same instance, UV/visible spectroscopy analysis of Cu-NPs fabricated by endophytic actinomycetes exhibited a peak at 600 nm (Saad et al. 2018). This variation in spectral data depends on the difference pneumoniae ATCC 51503, P. aeruginosa PAO1 standard strains and A. baumannii (A10, A11), K. pneumoniae (K7, K20) and P. aeruginosa (P2, P26) clinical isolates. ...
Microbial resistance and biofilm formation have been considered as the main problems associated with microbial resistance. Several antimicrobial agents cannot penetrate biofilm layers and cannot eradicate microbial infection. Therefore, the aim of this study is the biological synthesis of silver and copper nanoparticles to assess their activities on bacterial attachment and on the viability of dormant cells within the biofilm matrix. Ag-NPs and Cu-NPs were biosynthesized using Streptomyces isolate S29. The biologically synthesized Ag-NPs and Cu-NPs exhibited brown and blue colors and were detected by UV/Vis spectrophotometry at 476 and 594 nm, respectively. The Ag-NPs showed an average size of 10–20 nm as indicated by TEM, and 25–35 nm for Cu-NPs. Both Ag-NPs and Cu-NPs were monodispersed with a polydispersity index of 0.1–0.546 and zeta potential were − 29.7, and − 33.7 mv, respectively. The biologically synthesized Ag-NPs and Cu-NPs significantly eliminated bacterial attachment and decreased the viable cells in the biofilm matrix as detected by using crystal violet and tri-phenyl tetrazolium chloride assays. Furthermore, Ag-NPs and Cu-NPs significantly eradicated mature biofilms developed by various Gram-negative pathogens, including A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa standard strains and clinical isolates. Data were also confirmed at the molecular level with prominent elimination of biofilm gene expression carO, bssS and pelA in A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, respectively compared to untreated cells under the same conditions. As indicated, Ag-NPs and Cu-NPs could be used as adjuvant therapy in eradication of antibiotic resistance and biofilm matrix associated with Gram-negative bacterial infection.
Graphical Abstract
... Hassan et al. [117] reported an endophytic actinomycete Streptomyces capillispiralis Ca-1, isolated from a healthy medicinal plant (Convolvulus arvensis), for its synthetic activity. They synthesized monodisperse and spherical Cu NPs in size range of 3.6-59 nm. ...
Continued industrialization, urbanization and ecological destruction have caused significant environmental problems, particularly increased water pollution. Introducing harmful organic and inorganic effluents into watercourses has limited the supply and accessibility of safe and affordable drinking water. There is an urgent need to find green and sustainable abatement solutions for water remediation, many based on nanoparticles. The primary objective of this review is to explore and have a comprehensive discussion on the present trends, challenges and prospects for the green synthesis of nanoparticles for wastewater remediation. The connection between green chemistry and nanoparticles synthesis is articulated with many examples exploring the use of renewable or biobased resources. Energy-efficient processes (microwaves, ultrasound and laser ablation) and the use of alternative solvents (supercritical carbon dioxide, ionic liquids and biobased solvents) are explored. The review aims to make the readers discern the mechanistic insights towards the working of various green processes. Conclusively, the adoption of green nanotechnology has the potential to veritably addresses the global water shortage issue under the domain of environmental sustainability.
... (Syed et al., 2013), Penicillium funiculosum , Phaenerochaete chrysosporium (Vigneshwaran et al., 2006), Puccinia graminis , Schizophyllum radiatum (Metuku et al., 2014), and Trichoderma viridae (Fayaz et al., 2009). Actinomycetes (Rasool and Hemalatha, 2017;Saad et al., 2018) and bacteria including Rhodopseudomonas capsulate (He et al., 2007), S. aureus (Nanda and Saravanan, 2009), Brevibacterium casei (Kalishwaralal et al., 2010), Bacillus subtilis (Kirthi et al., 2011), P. aeruginosa (Kumar and Mamidyala, 2011), Aeromonas hydrophila , Microbacterium resistens (Wang et al., 2016), and Pantoea ananatis (Monowar et al., 2018) have been also used for synthesis of NPs. For about 2000 years, the medical characteristics of silver have been well known. ...
... The study showed that the biosynthesized NPs arrested the growth of second and fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus in a dose-dependent method. Saad et al. (2018) synthesized copper NPs from endophytic actinomycete Streptomyces capillispiralis (Ca-1) and showed their larvicidal activity against Musca domistica and Culex pipiens. ...
... The biogenic synthesis of nanoparticle of different metals such as gold, silver, selenium, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese as well as their application as antimicrobial agent against pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and parasites is rapidly increasing throughout the world. Saad et al. (2018) demonstrated the synthesis of copper nanoparticle using endophytic actinomycete Streptomyces capillispiralis Ca-1 recovered from Convolvulus arvensis. Modifications in color of culture media in presence of copper indicated the formation of nanoparticles, which was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. ...
Actinomycetes commonly known as filamentous, Gram positive, spore forming actinobacteria and considered as connecting between the bacteria and fungi. Currently from last few decades actinomycetes used as a resource for the production of bioactive compounds and nanoparticles. Besides these actinomycetes are also rich sources of various enzyme having industrial importance. The bioactive compounds contain a range of primary or secondary metabolites that help in growth and maintaince of plant as well as human beings. Many bioactive compounds have diverse range of pharmaceutical properties like antibiotics, antimicrobials, antibiotics etc. Now days actinomycetes have also being used in the nanotechnology for the synthesis of various nanoparticles, that are used in sustainable agricultural processes as nano-fertlizers or biocontrol agents. In this chapter we summarize the role of actinomycetes in the sustainable agriculture, or their role in bioactive compound production or in the field of nanotechnology.
Synthesizing nanoparticles through a green synthesis approach is common nowadays. Cyanobacteria have attained great importance in the field of biosynthesis of nanoparticles as there is no use of toxic chemicals as reducing or capping agents for the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles. Micronutrient-based nano-formulations have become a topic of great interest in recent times due to their various advantageous properties and applications in agriculture. The current study aims to exploit the potential cyanobacterial strains isolated from different locations such as freshwater and soil ecosystems. The potential cyanobacterial isolates were screened based on their multiple plant growth promoting (PGP) attributes such as Indol acetic acid (IAA) production, siderophores, and phosphate solubilization. After the screening of cyanobacteria based on multiple PGP activities, the cyanobacterial strain was identified at the species level as Pseudanabaena foetida RJ1, based on microscopy and molecular characterization using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The cyanobacterial biomass extract and cell-free extracts are utilized for the synthesis of CuO micronutrient Nanoparticles (NPs). The cyanobacterial strain Pseudanabaena foetida RJ1 possesses plant growth-promoting (PGP) attributes that provide reduction and capping for CuO NPs. The synthesized NPs were characterized and subjected to make a nano-formulation, utilizing the cyanobacteria-mediated CuO NPs along with low-cost zeolite as an adsorbent. The application of cyanobacterial biomass extract and cell-free extract provided an excellent comparative aspect in terms of micronutrient NP synthesis. The NPs in the form of formulations were applied to germinated paddy seeds (Pusa Basmati -1509) with varying concentrations (5, 10, 15 mg/l). Effects of cyanobacteria based CuO NPs on hydroponically grown paddy crops were analyzed. The application of nano-formulations has shown a significant increase in plant growth promotion in rice plants under hydroponics conditions. There is no such type of comparative investigation reported earlier, and NPs of micronutrients can be utilized as a new economic nanofertilizer and can be applied to plants for their growth promotion.
Introduction
Nanocomposites based on copper, iron, and carbon materials are novel nanomaterials with both antibacterial and biocompatibility properties considerable to fight against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Methods
In this study, phytogenic carbon/FeSO4/Cu/CuO nanocomposites modified by three antibiotics including tetracycline, amoxicillin, and penicillin were employed to hinder antibiotic resistant bacteria of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interaction of albumin and hemoglobin as major blood proteins with these nanocomposites were evaluated by SEM, FTIR, and AFM techniques. As in silico study, molecular docking properties of staphylococcal enterotoxin toxin A and B with (Z)-α-Bisabolene epoxide, (E)-Nerolidol, α-Cyperone, daphnauranol C, nootkatin, and nootkatone as major secondary metabolites of Daphne mucronata were obtained by AutoDock Vina program.
Results
Physicochemical characterization of nanocomposites showed (Zeta potential (− 5.09 mV), Z-average (460.2 d.nm), polydispersity index (0.293), and size range of 44.58 ± 6.78 nm). Results of both in vitro and in silico surveys disclosed significant antibacterial activity of antibiotic functionalized carbon/FeSO4/Cu/CuO nanocomposites compared to antibiotics alone towards Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
Conclusion
Synergistic activity of bio-fabricated carbon/FeSO4/Cu/CuO nanocomposites with antibiotics may be affected by main parameters of concentration and ratio of antibacterial agents, physicochemical properties of nanocomposites, bacterial type (Gram-negative or Gram-positive), antibacterial mechanisms, and chemical structure of antibiotics.
Alternaria alternata that threatens pepper production and causes major economic harm is responsible for the leaf spot/blight disease. Chemical fungicides have been widely employed; unfortunately, fungicidal resistance is a current concern. Therefore, finding new environmentally friendly biocontrol agents is a future challenge. One of these friendly solutions is the use of bacterial endophytes that have been identified as a source of bioactive compounds. The current study investigates the in vivo and in vitro fungicidal potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RaSh1 (MZ945930) against pathogenic A. alternata. In vitro, the results revealed that RaSh1 exhibited strong antagonistic activity against A. alternata. In addition to this, we inoculated pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants with B. amyloliquefaciens RaSh1 and infected them with A. alternata. As a result of A. alternata infection, which generated the highest leaf spot disease incidence (DI), the plant's growth indices and physio-biochemical characteristics significantly decreased, according to our findings. Our results also showed the abnormal and deformed cell structure using light and electron microscopy of A. alternata-infected leaves compared with other treatments. However, DI was greatly reduced with B. amyloliquefaciens RaSh1 application (40%) compared to pepper plants infected with A. alternata (80%), and this led to the largest increases in all identified physio-biochemical parameters, including the activity of the defense-related enzymes. Moreover, inoculation of pepper plants with B. amyloliquefaciens RaSh1 decreased electrolyte leakage by 19.53% and MDA content by 38.60% as compared to A. alternata infected ones. Our results show that the endophyte B. amyloliquefaciens RaSh1 has excellent potential as a biocontrol agent and positively affects pepper plant growth.
