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Cultivar Salix ×fragilis L. f. vitellina (L.) I.V.Belyaeva 'Basfordiana', female plant in the Conservation Area of the the Botanic Gardens, Kew. a. whole tree, b. female catkin, c. male catkin. Photos by K.McGinn
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The nomenclature and taxonomy of the taxa related to S. vitellina L. are clarified. Two new combinations, Salix × fragilis L. f. vitellina (L.) I.V.Belyaeva and S. × pendulina f. salamonii (Carrière) I.V.Belyaeva, are made and one new form, S. × pendulina f. erythroflexuosa I.V.Belyaeva, is described. Twenty-seven names are synonymised to the three...
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Earlier studies have shown that the bark of Salix L. species (Salicaceae family) is rich in extractives, such as diverse bioactive phenolic compounds. However, we lack knowledge on the bioactive properties of the bark of willow species and clones adapted to the harsh climate conditions of the cool temperate zone. Therefore, the present study aimed...
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Citations
... • Zwaenepoel (2019b) presented a key for the identification of infraspecific taxa and cultivars of S. alba and related taxa (these were not included in NF7). See also Belyaeva et al. (2018). Zwaenepoel et al. (2021), although this issue certainly requires further study. ...
... (S. alba × babylonica). Other contemporary authors (e.g.Belyaeva et al. 2018, Belyaeva et al. 2021 have merged these two taxa. Most plants in the Flora area belong to S. ×pendulina nothof. ...
Following the publication of the seventh edition of the Nouvelle Flore, in 2023, this contribution provides an overview of nomenclatural and taxonomic changes compared to the previous edition of the Flora, which was published in 2012.
... vitellina (L.) SER. was herein taxonomically classified according to Jäger [56]. This is supported by King et al. [57], but not by Belyaeva et al. [58], who reclassified this variety as S. × fragilis f. vitellina. The literature review showed this issue still to be a matter of discussion [59][60][61]. ...
Due to their content of phenolic compounds, willow bark preparations are used as an herbal remedy. The large diversity of phenolic secondary metabolites in Salix still provides a resource for the identification of bioactive compounds in particular species, including species not yet in focus from a phytopharmaceutical perspective. The present study describes the bark phenolic profile of 13 Salix species analyzed by HPLC-MS: Salix alba, Salix babylonica, Salix daphnoides, Salix fragilis, Salix hastata, Salix myrsinifolia, Salix pentandra, Salix purpurea, Salix repens (including subspecies S. repens ssp. arenaria and S. repens ssp. repens), Salix rosmarinifolia, Salix sachalinensis, Salix triandra and Salix viminalis. The analyzed profiles comprised the chemical groups of salicylates, flavonoids, procyanidins, phenolic acid derivatives, and some unclassified phenolics. Particular compounds were detected in species where they have not been previously reported. Apart from interspecific diversity, qualitative variability within species was observed as certain components were detected only in some of the analyzed genotypes. The knowledge on specific phenolic profiles of species and genotypes is the basis for the selection of suitable willow bark material with certain desired bioactive properties. Furthermore, the high inter- and intraspecific variability points out the necessity for product standardization of willow bark raw material.
... It is a basionym for other names, including S. alba var. [19]. It should be noted that, previously, Belyaeva proposed to use S. × fragilis as a binomial for the hybrid of S. alba × S. fragilis, while replacing the traditional S. fragilis L. with a new name S. euxina I.V.Belyaeva. ...
... The lectotype LINN 1158.13 of S. vitellina [18] consists of two branches: one with female and another with male catkins (Figure 1). This lectotype was studied by Belyaeva et al. [19], and it was concluded: "Examination of the lectotype, "Herb. Linn. ...
... Our analysis of the comparative characteristics of S. vitellina, S. alba, and S. euxina (formerly S. fragilis) presented by Belyaeva et al. [19] indicated that mostly overlapping morphological characteristics were listed for the three taxa, precluding their clear differentiation. Amongst them, the two characters demonstrated as evidence that S. vitellina has the characteristics of S. euxina were the presence of brittle branches and buds with blackening apices due to bud scale dieback. ...
Salix vitellina L., or golden willow, was described by C. Linnaeus in 1753. It was later considered to be affiliated with S. alba, and its taxonomic rank has been changed to variety, subspecies, and form. A recent proposal designated it as a form of S. alba × S. fragilis. The goal of this study was to verify the taxonomic designation of S. vitellina using morphological characteristics including ovule number. A few specimens of S. vitellina from Europe and North America, including the lectotype LINN1158.13, were analyzed. It was recorded that S. vitellina has an ovule index of 6–10, with most valves with four and five ovules and less than 50% of valves with five ovules. These ovule parameters were similar to those of S. alba. The other floral characteristics also indicated that S. vitellina is associated with S. alba. No signs of androgyny or flower aberrations, commonly occurring in willow hybrids, were found in the specimens of S. vitellina. Thus, the analyses did not corroborate the hybrid origin of S. vitellina. The ovule analysis also confirmed that f. chermesina with orange–red stems is also a taxon of S. alba, which differs from f. vitellina by a greater ovule index of 12–16.
... Визначення рослин і аналіз фактичного таксономічного різноманіття здійснювали з використанням різноманітних довідкових джерел: фундаментальних «визначників» і «флор» (Определитель…, 1987;Флора…, 1974-1994, 1996-2004The European…, 2011;та ін.); спеціальних каталогів культурних рослин (Каталог…, 1997, 2008-2009, 2015a, 2015b; Попович та ін., 2016; Энциклопедия…, 2010-2021; та ін.); спеціалізованих робіт і ресурсів по окремих таксонах різного рангу, зокрема: Allium (Булах, 1994), Cotoneaster (Гревцова, Казанская, 1997), Crassulaceae (International…, 2021), Malus (Гончаровська, 2019; Карпенчук, Мельник, 1994), Philadelphus (Кругляк, 2013), Prunus (Еремин, 2006;Меженський, Сичов, 2009), Reynoutria (Шевера, 2017), Rosa (Рубцова, 2009), Rubus (Darrow, 1955;, Salix (Кругляк та ін., 2009;Belyaeva et al., 2018), Tamarix (Baum, 1978), та ін.; фондів гербарію Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України (KWHA). ...
The checklist of cultivated plants recorded on the territory of Rzhyshchiv city amalgamated territorial community is given. A total of 746 taxa from 97 families have been identified, of which 98 are local taxa and 648 are foreign. Systematic, immigration, geographical, biomorphological analysis of cultural flora and structure of economically useful groups of plants has been carried out. The largest number of cultivated plants belongs to the families Rosaceae and Asteraceae. The geographical spectrum of the flora is multiregional, but most of the cultivated plants come from the Mediterranean, Asia and America. In the biomorphological structure of the cultural flora, all terrestrial life forms are fairly evenly represented, which is explained by the diverse use of plants. According to the methods of use, cultivated plants are divided into 13 main groups. The share of ornamental plants is 69.5%. As part of the studied flora, 17 cultivated species are grown on an industrial scale. Rare species from the Red Book that are cultivated as ornamental plants have been noted, for example: Adonis vernalis, Iris sibirica, Sempervivum globiferum, Taxus baccata, etc. Some cultivated plants have the potential for phytoinvasions.
... Note: The original epithet 'Pendula' was replaced with 'Moscow Cascade' because it was not valid in the Latin form which came in use after 1959». Similar cases of confusion in the use of cultivar names and the incorrect application of scientifi c names of Salix in cultivation were also described and clarifi ed earlier (Kuzovkina et al., 2016a, b;Belyaeva et al., 2018). ...
A new form, Salix ledebouriana f. fastigiata I. V. Belyaeva, V. V. Byalt, O. V. Epanch. et Firsov, is described and its characteristics in cultivation in Yekaterinburg and St. Petersburg are given.
... Consequently, many names published before then were not typified, thereby creating confusion for botanists and horticulturists in the identification and verification of taxa. Nevertheless, many herbarium specimens and other historical collections associated with plant names published before 1958 are now available via virtual herbaria, such as MNHN, assisting research on these taxa (Belyaeva et al. 2018). ...
French botanist A.R. Franchet (1834-1900) has described near 60 taxa in the genus Primula L., 16 taxa from them were discussed in a first publication. Our current paper will continue the researches devoted to the typification of Primula names, on the base of expert studying the specimens in herbaria BM, E, G, K, LE, MHA, MW, NS, NSK, P, W, WU, Z and open databases. In 1886 Franchet published an article: “Observations sur deux Primula monocarpiques de la Chine et descriptions d’espèces nouvelles de la Chine et du Thibet oriental”
and described 11 new species: P. davidii Franch., P. forbesii Franch., P. heucherifolia Franch., P. incisa Franch., P. malacoides, Franch. P. malvacea Franch., P. membranifolia Franch., P. moupinensis Franch., P. oreodoxa Franch., P. ovalifolia Franch. and P. poissonii Franch. For P. davidii and P. heucherifolia we found only one herbarium sheet for each and they will be holotypes. For eight species: P. forbesii, P. malacoides, P. malvacea, P. membranifolia, P. moupinensis, P. oreodoxa, P. ovalifolia and P. poissonii were selected lectotypes from several herbarium sheets. The name Primula incisa is later homonym and early was used by Lamarck (1779), so correct name for this taxon is P. blinii H. Lév.
Critical and updated alien species inventories are crucial to properly manage and contrast biological invasions. After six years, a second update to the inventory of the vascular flora alien to Italy is presented. It provides details on the occurrence at administrative regional level and, for the first time, floristic data for San Marino. The checklist includes 1,782 taxa (1,673 species, 28 subspecies, 69 hybrids, and 12 cultivar groups not attributable to a specific binomial), distributed in 786 genera and 159 families; 2 taxa are lycophytes, 13 ferns and fern allies, 37 gymnosperms, and 1,730 angiosperms. Among these, 154 taxa are archaeophytes and 1,628 neophytes. The alien taxa currently established in Italy are 899 (649 naturalized and 250 invasive), while 796 taxa are casual aliens, 1 are not assessed, 38 have not been confirmed in recent times, 4 are considered extinct or possibly extinct in the country, 40 are doubtfully occurring in Italy, 4 are of unknown regional distribution, and 110 are reported by mistake and to be excluded at national level. This checklist allows to establish an up-to-date number (10,023) of taxa currently constituting the whole (either native or alien) Italian flora.
The book presents the most complete list of cultivated and wild-growing
species and hybrids in the dendroflora of higher plants of the Nizhnekhopyorsky
Natural Park, the largest Park in the Volgograd Region and the entire Don basin.
Along with native species, the “Checklist …” also lists cultivated trees and shrubs
that are widely or rarely used in dendrocolections, gardens, forest plantations,
naturalized or periodically running wild, which can be preserved for a long time
in places of cultivation etc. All rare and locally cultivated plants identified here are
also included. In total, 391 species from 138 genera and 57 families were noted
in the studied dendroflora. Work on the “Summary ...” has been carried out since
the mid-1980s; The material is based on the original data of the authors, collected
during numerous expeditions and field studies, taking into account available
literary sources. The book is intended for botanists, dendrologists, ecologists,
conservationists and all nature lovers. It can be useful for the development of
ecological tourism, educational and educational purposes.
Книга представляет наиболее полный список культивируемых и дикорастущих видов и гибридов в дендрофлоре высших растений природного парка
«Нижнехопёрский», крупнейшего парка Волгоградской области и всего бассейна Дона. Наряду с аборигенными видами в «Конспекте…» приводятся также культивируемые деревья и кустарники, широко используемые в лесопосадках, натурализовавшиеся или периодически дичающие, которые могут долго сохраняться в местах культуры. Включены также все выявленные здесь редкие и локально культивируемые растения. Всего в составе изученной дендрофлоры отмечен 391 вид из 138 родов и 57 семейств. Работа над «Конспектом…» осуществлялась с середины 1980-х гг.; материал основан на оригинальных данных авторов, собранных в ходе многочисленных экспедиций и полевых исследований с учётом доступных литературных источников. Книга предназначена для ботаников, дендрологов, экологов, специалистов по охране природы и всех любителей природы. Она может быть полезной для развития экологического туризма, просветительских и образовательных целей.
(Article in Dutch; appeared in Dendroflora, a professional magazine for the landscaping and nursery business.)
Apart from Populus, Salix is the main genus in the Salicaceae family. Salix is a versatile genus, ranging from very low ground covering shrubs to large trees. An important use of Salix is as a landscape tree, avenue tree or park tree. From 2009 until 2012 the Technical Trials Committee of Naktuinbouw assessed several Salix varieties for their use as trees. Species and hybrids involved were Salix alba, S. babylonica, S. caprea, S. fragilis, S. pentandra, S. ×rubens and S. triandra.
The first part of the article is about Salix morphology, differences with Populus, usage, pollarding, pests and diseases and taxonomy. Salix taxonomy is hugely complicated and new insights are published regularly. The taxonomy of S. fragilis is briefly discussed, including name changes likely to be accepted in the near future. However, these changes are not yet included in this article. Because Salix is so well-known for its use in wet locations a short essay on Salix and water is included. It focuses on the adaptability of Salix to withstand periods of flooding and drought.
Plant descriptions make up the second part of the article. Apart from the assessed Salix, a number of other (promising) species and cultivars are described. Since the original committee did not compare the trees for their use and ornamental value, no awards (in the form of grades or stars) are given.
