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Crown and foot rot of grafted cucumber caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae. (A) Natural symptoms on cucumber showing wilt in field, (B) Crown rot on rootstock plants, (C) Internal symptoms of the rotten stem, (D) Colony of the isolate on PDA, (E) Microconidia and septate, falcate macroconidia formed on aerial mycelium (Bar = 20 µm), (F) Macroconidia (Bar = 20 µm), (G) Chlamydospores (Bar = 10 µm), (H) Monophialides, (I) Symptom on cucumbers by artificial inoculation.
Source publication
In March 2010, grafted cucumber cultivated in the greenhouse showed a severe rot on crown resulting yellowing and wilting of the leaves. The symptoms of naturally infected plants showed dark brown, watersoaked lesions at the base of the stem. The fungus produced mass of white mycelium and yellow to orange spores in necrotic lesions on dead and dyin...
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Rotting muskmelon fruits commonly are associated with commercial fields that are affected by the root rot/vine decline disease syndrome found in southern Texas. Four isolates of Fusarium solani previously shown to be either weakly pathogenic or nonpathogenic to muskmelon seedlings caused extensive rot on mechanically wounded muskmelon fruits. Two o...
Citations
... In particular, when F. oxysporum is spread by a fungus gnat to the medium while cultivating tomato, it causes enormous damage to the plants, withering the entire plant [44]. In addition, F. solani causes Fusarium wilt of soybean and rhizome rot of cucumber [45]. It was also reported to cause wilt disease in strawberry hydroponics in South Korea and other countries. ...
Among the horticulture facilities in Korea, the hydroponic cultivation method has been increasingly used. This study aimed to identify fungi and bacterial species in hydroponic cultivation and highlight the need for sterilization to recycle the discharged drainage. Samples were collected from a number of paprika, tomato, and strawberry hydroponic greenhouses. Vinyl and glass greenhouses were studied, and the drainage discharge was of two types: direct discharge and collection after discharge. In total, 24 fungal and six bacterial species were detected from 399 and 151 densities, respectively. The primary fungal and bacterial species identified were from the genera Fusarium, Pythium, and Phytophthora as well as Agrobacterium and Pseudomonas. Statistical analysis revealed that the species number and density of fungi and bacteria were higher in strawberry than in tomato or paprika. These values were higher for vinyl greenhouses than for glass greenhouses. This study on the reuse of drainage from hydroponic greenhouses may contribute to the recycling of resources and reduction in water pollutant emission; this will thus help us to implement sustainable horticulture practices.
... fragariae is the commonly reported pathogen associated with crown rot of strawberry across the world including korea [24,[35][36][37]. In South Korea, F. solani has been reported as the causative agent of wilt of cucumber, coastal hog fennel and sweet potato [38][39][40]. Fusarium solani also has been reported as a pathogen causing crown and root rot on strawberry in Spain [41].To the best of our knowledge, F. solani has not been reported as the causative agent of crown and root rot of strawberry in South Korea. ...
Background
Crown and root rot is the most important and destructive strawberry diseases in Korea as it causes substantial economic loss. In August 2020, a severe outbreak of crown and root rot on strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) was observed in the greenhouse at Sangju, South Korea. Infected plantlets displayed browning rot within the crown and root, stunted growth, and poor rooting.
Methods and results
Thirty fungal isolates were obtained from the affected plantlet. Isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and pathogenicity test as well as sequence data obtained from internal transcribed spacer, large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid, translation elongation factor, and RNA polymerase II-second largest subunit. Results showed that the crown and root rot of strawberry in Korea was caused by three distinct fungal species: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, F. solani, and Plectosphaerella cucumerina. To the best of our knowledge, F. solani, and P. cucumerina are reported for the first time as the causal agents of the crown and root rot of strawberry in South Korea. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that these isolates are pathogenic to strawberry.
Conclusions
Understanding the composition and biology of the pathogen population will be helpful to provide effective control strategies for the disease.
... Root and stem base rots still occur prevalently in the grafted cucumber greenhouses in Egypt. Han et al. (2012) observed a severe crown rot on the grafted cucumber caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. cucur-bitae, resulting dark brown, water-soaked lesions at the stem base of the naturally infected plants. ...
Cucumber grafting has been used in Egypt recently to induce soil diseases tolerance. The impact of various grafting techniques on the vulnerability of grafted cucumber seedlings to Fusarium which stimulates the stem rot was investigated. Consequently, the anatomical and physiological studies were carried out on the diseased and healthy grafted cucumber seedlings, comparing with the non-grafted ones. Fusarium equiseti (MW216971.1) caused a severe stem rot of the grafted seedling through affecting the connection area of the different grafting methods, leading to complete seedling death. The hole insertion grafting method significantly exhibited the highest diseases incidence (100%), and mean disease severity index (5) when inoculated with F. equiseti. The pathogen remarkably affected the graft union area causing tissue discoloration and decay. The levels of antioxidant enzymes and total phenols were significantly enhanced in the diseased grafted and self-rooted cucumber. However, the diseased grafted cucumber recorded significantly the highest values of the antioxidant enzymes activities and total phenolic content when compared with the self-rooted ones. The results of SDS-PAGE profile revealed variations in the leaves protein profile of the grafted and self- rooted seedlings in response to Fusarium infection. Taken together, grafting cucumber onto a resistant rootstock using the splice technique can alleviate the stem rot severity caused by Fusarium spp. by enhancing the histological, physiological and molecular defense response of the grafted seedling.
GRAFTING AS AN ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT OF CUCURBITS ROOT AND STEM ROT DISEASES
Crown and root rot is the most important and destructive strawberry diseases in Korea as it causessubstantial economic loss. In August 2020, a severe outbreak of crown and root rot on strawberries (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) was observed in the greenhouse at Sangju, South Korea. Infected plantlets displayed browning rot within the crown and root, stunted growth, and poor rooting. Thirty fungal isolates were procured from the affected plantlet. Isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and pathogenicity test as well as sequence data obtained from internal transcribed spacer, large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid, translation elongation factor,and RNA polymerase Ⅱ-second largest subunit. Results showed that thecrown and root rot of strawberry in Korea was caused by three distinct fungal species: Fusarium oxysporum species complex, F . solani species complex, and Plectosphaerella cucumerina . To the best of our knowledge, F . solani species complex and P . cucumerina are reported for the first time as the causal agents of the crown and root rot of strawberryin South Korea.Pathogenicity tests confirmed that these isolates are pathogenic to strawberry.Understanding the composition and biology of the pathogen population will be helpful toprovide effectivecontrol strategies for the disease.
