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The Jos Plateau is an important cattle-producing area in Nigeria, with a high concentration of pastoral Fulani. In recent decades, pastoralist studies have focused on arid and semi-arid areas, with few based in the sub-humid zones, such as the Jos Plateau. There have been significant socio-economic and agricultural changes in this area over time wh...
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... households were engaged in crop farming. One hun- dred percent of households grew maize, 91.7% grew veg- etables (potatoes, lettuce, carrots, peas, cabbages, etc.) and 76.4% grew millet ( Figure 6). All recipients grew more than one crop and the average number of crops grown was four. ...
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Increasing land use and associated competition for natural resources in the wake of high human and livestock population pressures have been major challenges confronting pastoralists of West Africa. This is especially true in Nigeria where Fulani make up 4% of the national population and prevailing national insecurity issues are impacting on pastora...
The credibility of regional climate simulations over West Africa stands and falls with the ability to reproduce the West African Monsoon (WAM) whose precipitation plays a pivotal role for people's livelihood. In this study, we simulate the WAM for the wet year 1999 with a 27-member multi-physics ensemble of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF...
Citations
... In this study, local breeds of cattle were the most prevalent because they are the predominant breeds in extensive farming systems [35]. There were more female (54.95%) animals sampled than male (45.10%) animals because more female animals are usually kept by farmers for herd growth and milk production [36]. ...
Trematodes are chronic, debilitating diseases in livestock, causing significant economic losses worldwide. From mid-December 2021 to May 2022, a cross-sectional study was carried out in the Damot Sore District to estimate the prevalence of trematode infections in cattle and associated risk factors. Trematode eggs were found in 100 of the 384 faecal samples tested, with an overall prevalence of 26.04% (95% CI: 21.88-30.69%). The prevalence for Fasciola, Paramphistome, and Schistosoma species were 12.50%, 5.21%, and 0, respectively. Moreover, the infection rate with two parasites was 8.33%. The data were then examined further using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. As a result, age was the only potential predictor identified to influence trematode infections in cattle among the potential predictors considered. Furthermore, old cattle were more likely to be infected with trematodiasis nearly 12 times ( OR = 11.5 ) that of young cattle, and this difference was statistically significant ( p < 0.05 ), whereas other risk factors considered were statistically insignificant ( p > 0.05 ). According to the findings of this study, cattle trematodiasis is a moderately common disease in the study area. As a result, additional research on the meteorological conditions of snail infection was forwarded, along with other points to reduce the disease problem in livestock production.
... Lahan merupakan variabel penting dalam usaha pertanian. Hasil kajian tersebut mengungkapkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan Koefisien Gini kepemilikan lahan di Indonesia yang diiringi oleh peningkatan Koefisien Gini distribusi pendapatan pada sejumlah provinsi [7]. Temuan ini bermakna bahwa makin banyak jumlah petani yang memiliki lahan berukuran kecil (kurang dari 1 Ha) sehingga penghasilannya juga menjadi semakin kecil [8]. ...
This study examines the effect of land area and income sources of agricultural households on their income in the context of reducing poverty in the agricultural sector. This study uses a quantitative approach and multiple regression methods as an analytical tool with data from the Agricultural Business Household Income Survey which is part of the 2013 Agricultural Census of West Sumatra Province. The data used in this study is cross-sectional data with total agricultural household income as the dependent variable and the amount of land owned by agricultural households, the area of land controlled and cultivated by agricultural households, the percentage of agricultural household income from agricultural sector businesses, the percentage of agricultural household income from non-agricultural businesses, the percentage of other agricultural household income , the percentage of agricultural household income from wages in the agricultural sector, and the percentage of agricultural household income non-agricultural wage income. The results showed that the variable area of land owned and the area of land controlled and cultivated by agricultural households had a positive effect on their total income. Other variables that have a positive effect on total agricultural household income are the percentage of income from non-agricultural businesses and the percentage of non-agricultural wage income. On the other hand, the percentage of agricultural household income from agricultural sector businesses and the percentage of agricultural household income from wages in the agricultural sector have a negative effect on their total income. The results of this study suggest the need for redistribution of land to land-poor agricultural households and encourage them to diversify their business outside the agricultural sector but still based on agricultural products.
... These pastoralists rely heavily on their animals as a means of survival, and this necessitates constant movement with their livestock in search of pasture and water. It is estimated that there are over 200 million pastoralists worldwide, 50 million of this number are in sub-Saharan Africa with Nigeria accounting for about 15.3 million [1,4]. ...
... This group of people are settled in the arid and semi-arid regions, with two-thirds of the cattle and other ruminant population concentrated in the northcentral part of the country from where they migrate to other parts in search of pasture and water for their animals [3]. The movements of these pastoralists are predicated on different circumstances, but are mostly dependent on the seasonal distribution of grass and water, avoidance of harmful flies (tsetse, tabanids, etc.), inclement weather, livestock rustlers, tax assessors, and hostile social environments [4]. During ...
... This questionnaire survey was conducted in ten local government areas (LGAs) of Plateau State located in the Guinea savannah vegetative zone of Nigeria (Fig. 1). The state is located on a high altitude and has a low human population, with low levels of tsetse flies and mosquitoes, and limitless grassland [4]. The vegetation of our study areas consists of short trees, grasses, and plateau-type mosaic vegetation, and lies within the Northern Guinea savannah zone. ...
Purpose:
Pastoralists regularly come in contact with ticks as they herd their animals and are exposed to pathogens that cause zoonotic diseases. No study has been conducted in Nigeria to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of these Pastoralists towards ticks, tick bite, and tick control, and thus this research.
Methods:
A KAP survey of pastoralists (n = 119) was conducted in Plateau State, Nigeria. Data generated were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).
Results:
The majority of the pastoralists (99.2%) had knowledge of ticks, with 79% of them being aware that ticks attach and bite humans, whereas only 30.3% believed that ticks transmit diseases to humans. Eighty-four per cent of the pastoralists do not wear protective clothing while herding their animals and 81.5% indicated to having been bitten by ticks, whereas hospital visit after tick bite was low (7.6%). Statistically significant variables were observed when knowledge of the respondents were compared in relation to the ability of ticks to cause diseases (Χ2 = 9.980, P = 0.007); hospital visit after a bite (Χ2 = 11.453, P = 0.003); and the use of protective clothing for herding (Χ2 = 22.596, P = 0). The main tick control measure was hand picking (58.8%).
Conclusions:
The pastoralists were unaware of the ability of ticks to transmit zoonotic pathogens. Preventive practices were insufficient to reduce tick bites, and thus were constantly exposed to tick-borne diseases. This study hopes to provide important insights for the development of educational awareness programmes for the pastoralists and serve as a guide for the health workers in designing future preventive programmes against tick-borne zoonoses in Nigeria.
... died at pregnancy, stillbirth, and calves of less than a year, respectively in Shika, Nigeria (Umoh and Jagun, 1981;Aganga et al., 1986). Moreover, in similarity to the findings of Majekodunmi et al. (2014), Ducrotoy et al. (2016) recorded an average calf mortality of 13.3% in Kachia grazing reserve in Nigeria. Calf mortality has been attributed to under-nutrition and/or disease in the first year of growth (Ducrotoy et al., 2016). ...
This review summarizes the available information on the adaptation and the performance of White Fulani cattle in tropical environments. White Fulani cattle is an indigenous breed of cattle widely distributed in the humid tropical regions of Africa and plays significant roles in meat and milk production, as well as draught purposes. Poor management and the harsh environmental conditions in the tropics encumber the optimal productive and reproductive performance of the breed, having about 4.75 years age at first calving, 57% calving rate, 18 months calving interval and 3 to 4 calves are born in a reproductive lifetime. The cattle breed adapts to these climatic patterns via physiological, morphological, behavioral, genetic, and metabolic responses. Different physiological mechanisms and morphological features such as their white coat color, hair coat thickness, and lengthy rump appear to play an important adaptive role. The distinct genetic traits (including the possession of seven genetic variants of HSP 90 gene) of the breed afford them some levels of thermotolerance and high resistivity to some endemic diseases (such as trypanosomiasis, liver fluke, brucellosis and foot and mouth disease) in the tropics constitute inherent characteristics that should be explored in detail using molecular assisted approaches. The productive performance of the breed under different systems is discussed. A better understanding of the adaptive characteristics of White Fulani cattle could provide crucial information on the best management approach/techniques that should be adopted to improve the performance, productivity, and sustainability of this cattle breed. Therefore, this review aims to compile the various production, reproduction and adaptation traits of the breed and presents vital information underlying their thriving and survivability in tropical environments.
... The vegetation cover is predominantly made up of plains of tall grass which are interrupted by trees, that provide a suitable land for crop and animal production. Furthermore, the near temperate climate experienced in this region, coupled with the availability of good vegetation cover and crop residues as a source of animal feed makes this zone an ideal choice for livestock production [16]. ...
... Seasonal variation in trypanosomes prevalence, with the lowest prevalence in the early wet season which coincided with our sampling period have been reported in Plateau state [17]. Drivers of livestock migration on the Jos Plateau have been identified to include: lack of water, pasture, lack of access to grazing land or water and avoidance of tsetse flies [16]. It should be noted, however, that seasonal variation in trypanosome prevalence does not always follow a clear cut pattern. ...
Traditionally managed cattle constitutes the main source of animal protein to humans in Nigeria. However, seasonal migration in search of pasture exposes them to several vector-borne infections such as the African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT), which limits their productivity. In this study, blood samples from 130 cattle in Plateau and Nasarawa states collected from May to June, 2021 were examined by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing methods to determine the prevalence of pathogenic trypanosomes. Overall, the DNA of T. vivax was detected in 19 out of the 130 (14.6 %) samples examined by the PCR. However, using the micro-hematocrit centrifugation technique, motile haemoparasites were detected in only six (4.6 %, confidence interval [CI] 0.5—6.9 %) of the samples. The higher prevalence of T. vivax was recorded in samples sourced from the abattoir than in samples submitted from the field in Plateau state (16.7 % versus 11.5 %). However, the reverse was the case in Nasarawa state (2.9 % versus 37.5 %). The difference in prevalence of T. vivax between the abattoir and field samples was significant (P = 0.009) in Nasarawa state, but not in Plateau state (P = 0.55). The mean PCV (Packed Cell Volume) of the trypanosome infected animals was lower than that of the non-infected animals, but the difference was not significant (P = 0.29). The internal transcribe spacer region (ITS) nucleotide sequences of T. vivax generated in this study were 100 % identical to each other and formed a monophyletic cluster with the sequences of T. vivax from different countries in the GenBank. AAT remains a major constraint to profitable cattle production and food security in Nigeria and deserves more attention.
... Nigeria has about 19 million cattle, much of it in the hands of pastoralists. As violence between herdsmen and farmers has grown and developed into criminality and rural banditry, popular narratives in the form of hate speech have exacerbated the crisis [22]. [24]Argued that the incessant clashes between farmers and herdsmen is not a battle of hate but that of survival, for their cattle over insufficient pasture. ...
The rate of urbanisation in Nigeria is 5.3%, one of the highest in the world, this is proportional to the population growth, consequently the expansion of agricultural activities. These are some of the factors that put enormous pressure on the use of land resources which led to the occupation of land which were earlier meant for cattle grazing and route for farming and construction resulting to conflict between farmers and herders. Worthy of note is the lack of forage for herdsmen, due to climate change and the encroaching Sahara Desert. Pastoralist-farmers’ conflicts in Nigeria have grown, spread and intensified over the past decade and today poses a threat to national survival. There is therefore, a need to settle these pastoralists and their livestock on suitable land for grazing. A unique approach of a Geospatial information System (GIS)-based multicriteria evaluation site selection was developed which took in to account various factors to find suitable areas for siting cattle ranch in Bauchi state. It was found that about 41% of the total land mass in Bauchi state is suitable for siting cattle ranch, 33% of the land shows to be unsuitable. While the remaining 26% is moderately suitable. Therefore, it can be said that there exist more than enough suitable land to site a sustainable cattle ranch in Bauchi state in order to contain the persistent herders and farmers in the state.
... The Fulani community which started as a grazing route for nomads, developed further into a small settlement as a result of urbanization, conflicts and availability of food. However, they still engage in cattle pastoralism, and a few move the cattle around in search of grazing fields which is common practice among this tribe (11,12). ...
Introduction: Complementary feeding plays an important role in children's growth and development. Exclusive breastfeeding provides the best source of nutrients at early stage of life but beyond six months, more nutrients are required than are generally available from breast milk alone. This makes the child vulnerable to developing malnutrition. This study aims to assess the knowledge, practices and factors affecting complementary feeding practices among Fulani mothers in Makarfi Local Government Area, Kaduna state. Methods: The study was cross-sectional in design. A sample of 209 respondents (mother/caregiver – child pair) was selected using a multistage sampling technique. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Mothers' knowledge of complementary feeding and the quality of complementary feeding practices were assessed and scored. Bivariate analysis (Chi square and Fishers' exact test) was used to test for association between socio-demographic factors, and mothers' knowledge, and complementary feeding practices. Statistical significance was determined at an alpha level of 0.05. Results: Results revealed that 93.3% of the Fulani mothers had poor knowledge while only 27.5% had good practices of complementary feeding. The pattern of complementary feeding was characterized by poor dietary diversity. There was a significant association between child's age (p < 0.01); fathers' occupation (p = 0.05) and complementary feeding practices. Conclusion and Recommendations: The study showed that the overall knowledge and practice of complementary feeding among the Fulani mothers/caregivers were poor. Therefore, the need for more education by the state ministry of health, targeted at Fulani mothers towards improving knowledge and practices on complementary feeding. Keywords: Infant feeding, Knowledge, Practices, Complementary feeding, Makarfi, Fulan
... Diversified livelihoods can mitigate the impact of climate change on the quality of life of farmers (Paavola, 2008;Liao et al., 2015). In contrast, herders rely on animal husbandry, and their livelihoods severely affected by the degradation of the quality of grassland (Mogotsi et al., 2012;Zhang et al., 2012;Majekodunmi et al., 2014;Beyene, 2016;Tan et al., 2018). Hence, the stability of livelihoods of farmers and herders is different under drought (Roncoli et al., 2001;Yan et al., 2010;Liu et al., 2011). ...
The agro-pastoral ecotone is an ecologically fragile region where drought is the main factor influencing land use and livelihoods. In this paper, we took two farmer villages and two herder villages in Ar Horqin Banner, located in the agro-pastoral ecotone of northwestern China, as the research areas, and where we conducted participatory rural appraisal and questionnaire survey to analyze the responses of land-use changes to drought and its disparate impact on the livelihoods of farmers and herders. Results show that: 1) Under drought, farmers tended to abandon rain-fed land, and herders tended to abandon grassland. 2) The livelihood activities of farmers were more stable than those of herders under drought. Farmers abandoned rain-fed farming, and herders just retained cattle rearing. The per capita net income of each farmer in Pingandi and Fenghuangling in the drought year of 2016 was only 9.27% and 12.52% lower than those in 2012, respectively, which was 132.88% and 128.25% lower than those in 2012 of each herder in Wuriduhubu and Haolibao. 3) Diversified livelihoods, especially non-agricultural ones, are the key to ensuring the sustainable livelihoods of farmers and herders. It is an effective way for farmers to encourage more labor force to emigrate to non-agricultural sectors. Regarding herders, it is urgent to develop artificial pastures and animal products processing industry with the support of government.
... The riot has often resulted in the death of thousands. The Jos Plateau conflict originated from the competition between the Muslims and Christians, indigenes and settlers who strived to acquire political power and their representation in top government positions in the State (Majekodunmi et al., 2014). The Beroms, who are predominantly Christian, claim indigene status and political representation in the State's government based on Jos Plateau's original inhabitant status. ...
... Consequently, Jos' conflict stems from the conflation of Hausa-Fulanis's claim of indigeneity in Plateau State based on their longstanding settlement and their political desires for adequate political representation. These are undoubtedly vehemently resisted by indigenes of the Jos Plateau, who strive to keep the State's resources for themselves and argue that settlers have already acquired sufficient advantages over them in terms of affluence and numbers (Majekodunmi et al., 2014). ...
Insecurity and terrorism poses global concern. Central to this concern is how the Christian self and identity are experienced in relation to Nigeria’s ongoing terrorist threat. Informed by data from 63 Christian participants recruited in Nigeria, this study makes an original contribution by demystifying how personal experiences fuel perceived victimisation. These include religious insecurity and fear, insecurity as a targeted ploy to undermine the Christian identity and shared identity as a safe space—all of which appears to reinforce the sense of being victimised and an object of domination by the perceived Muslim “superior other”. The study recommends an improved policy that addresses the identified challenges to positively enhance existing Christian-Muslim relations, including confidence in the government.
... In both scenarios, cows constituted the largest proportion of cattle. This is a typical characteristic of pastoral herds, which are oriented towards milk production, essential food, and income source for pastoral households and herd growth/replacement (Mgongo et al. 2014;Daodu et al. 2009;Majekodunmi et al. 2014;Mwanyumba et al. 2015;Homewood 2018). The above findings contrasted highly with the animal-traction/draught-oriented cattle herds, where the proportion of male to female would be equal, or the male populations would be higher than that of the females (Ocaido et al. 2005). ...
Displacements from developmental-related projects such as dams, conservancies, and geothermals displace 15–20 million people annually, necessitating the relocation of project-affected persons (PAPs). Most resettlement action plans (RAPs) fail in resettling the PAPs fully, causing loss of livelihoods and impoverishment. In 2014, Kenya Electricity Generating Company Limited (KenGen) displaced 155 Maasai pastoral households to create space for the expansion of existing geothermal electricity generation plants at Olkaria. The PAPs were relocated into a newly created area called RAPland village. The study aimed at answering the question: how did displacement and relocation affect livestock production and performance of the resettled pastoralists. Data on livestock population structures and cattle herd structures and performance (age at first calving, calving interval, lactation length, and milk yields) before and after the relocation were collected by a survey of 105 household heads of the intended census of 155. Data collected were summarised using Excel and analysed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results showed that daily milk yield per cow decreased from a mean of 3.8 ± 0.19 to 2.38 ± 0.19 l, while total livestock populations reduced from 8383 to 3124 tropical livestock units (TLU) after the relocation. The mean livestock holding per household (TLU) before the relocation was 75.7 ± 8.83, 15.5 ± 1.78, 5.83 ± 0.67, 1.46 ± 0.22, and 0.14 ± 0.02; this decreased after the relocation to 26.4 ± 8.3, 4.62 ± 1.7, 2.5 ± 0.63, 0.34 ± 0.21, and 0.3 ± 0.02 for cattle, sheep, goats, donkeys, and poultry, respectively. Young cattle proportions reduced from 27.6 to 20%, while that of cows increased from 51.7 to 60% after resettlement. Relocation affected livestock production and performances through reduced daily milk yield and livestock populations, thus reducing pastoralists’ resilience for food, nutritional security, and coping with catastrophes. As such, future displacement and resettlement programmes involving pastoral communities should address grazing needs and pastoral resilience to avoid impoverishment.
