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Critically Endangered and Mindanao endemic lycophytes and ferns. Designations: A: Platycerium coronarium; B: Phlegmariurus magnusianus; C: Helminthostachys zeylanica; D: Alsophila hermannii; E: Alsophila rufopannosa; F: Lindsaea hamiguitanensis.
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There are nearly a thousand threatened species of vascular plants in the Philippines and of which about 12% are lycophytes and ferns. However, there are not enough data on the distribution of the species. Thus, the threatened lycophytes and ferns were determined based on field surveys in four protected areas in Mindanao, namely Mt. Apo Natural Park...
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... magnusianus (Lycopodiaceae) is an epiphytic fern with pendulous stems, which are twice to three times isodichotomously branched, and with narrow-lanceolate, acuminate crowded leaves arranged in close spirally whorled (Fig. 2B). Species in this family are locally known as «salindugok or ikog sa iring», and commonly harvested by the local people in different parts of the country and sold very cheaply. This species was found in Mt. Apo Natural Park and Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park where it grows epiphytically on trees at about 3-10 m high. Only a few ...
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... zeylanica (Ophioglossaceae) is a herbaceous fern usually with a solitary frond and a fertile spike that arises from the base of its frond (Fig. 2C). This species is locally known as «tung-kod-langit» and generally found at lower altitudes on wet and muddy places. It was recorded only in Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park for this ...
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... hermannii R.M.Tryon Alsophila hermannii is a medium-size scaly tree fern of the family Cyatheaceae. Trunks are erect to 4(-6) m height, to 24-27 cm diameter with old petiole bases and with marginate light to dark brown scales (Fig. 2D). The species was known only from its type locality on Mt. Apo. However, our study recorded this species in the Mt. Kitanglad Range Natural Park growing in the upper montane to the mossy forests (2000-2300 m ...
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... rufopannosa (Christ) R.M.Tryon Alsophila rufopannosa (Cyatheaceae) is a fern endemic to Mindanao Island. It is also a medium size tree fern with trunks erect to 4(-6) m height, and to 15-18 cm diameter, without old petiole bases and with numerous marginate reddish brown scales on petioles and rachises (Fig. 2E) ...
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... hamiguitanensis is a small herbaceous fern with triangular, bipinnate to tripinnatepinnatifid fronds that are light green when dry, with reddish brown and quadrangular rachises (Fig. 2F). This species was discovered in Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary in 2012 and has recently been documented in Mt. Tago and Mt. Pantaron Range in Bukidnon, Central ...
Citations
... The understory was Selaginella plana (paku rane) with 115 individuals and Barleria cristata (landep) with 70 individuals. Selaginella plana, has a habitus as ferns with a wide distribution, in the lowlands and mountain forests (Rahmad & Akomolafe, 2018;Setyawan et al., 2018;Coritico & Amoroso, 2020). Trees with a more than 75 cm diameter around the Gunung Salak Geothermal Power Plant unit recorded as many as six individuals (Fig. 5B) of four species. ...
This research had been conducted in the forest area around the Gunung Sa-lak Geothermal Power Plant of PT. PLN Indonesia Power. Plant diversity data in the geothermal power plant area had yet to be fully available. This study aimed to analyze the composition and structure of vegetation in the conservation forest area around the Gunung Salak Geothermal Power Plant unit. This study used a quadrat plot with a purposive sampling method. We sampled 873 individuals from 56 families of 110 species, consisting of native and introduced species. Some introduced flora species that have the potential to become invasive include Calliandra houstoniana, Asystasia gangetica, Bellucia pentamera, Miconia crenata, Maesopsis eminii, and Solanum torvum. The families with the highest number of species at each growth level were Fagaceae (tree), Fagaceae (pole), Arecaceae and Moraceae (sapling), also Acanthaceae, Arecaceae, Melastomataceae, and Poaceae in the understory. Several species of plant at the site are listed as Endangered (EN) based on the IUCN Red List, including Alpinia scabra, Castanopsis argentea, and Dipterocarpus hasseltii. These endangered plants are expected to become priority for conservation strategies and action plans. The Important Value Index (IVI) analysis shows different values at each growth stage. The highest IVI at the seedling and herb was Selaginella plana (29.74), the sapling was Macaranga triloba (20.59), the pole was Ficus fistulosa (43.27), and the tree was Schima wallichii (54.90). The value of the Shannon-Wiener (H') diversity index was 3.784, which indicates that the level of diversity is high.
... To facilitate the effective implementation of conservation, especially for endemic species with unique habitats [46], further research needs to be conducted to determine the genetic diversity of all populations, and inbreeding and genetic diversity levels [22,46] could be used to determine protection priorities, especially at the landscape level. Information on the population size, phenological patterns, morphological variations [47,48], and population genetic diversity [49] in natural habitats, including the populations in the northern and central part of Sulawesi, will determine the actions that should be taken concerning conservation in natural habitats (in-situ). This conservation should involve the indigenous knowledge of "Eluren Eng Kayobaan" (keeping and maintaining the Earth) [50] to encourage the planting of Wasian trees on community lands. ...
Based on habitat preferences, in this study, we investigated the spatial distribution of the Magnolia genus in the northern part of Sulawesi. Habitat characteristics, especially temperature, precipitation, and topography, were determined using spatial analysis. The temperature and precipitation datasets were obtained from WorldClim BIO Variables V1, and topographical data were obtained from the Google Earth Engine. Data collection began in 2008–2009 and was completed in 2019–2020. In total, we analyzed 786 waypoints. The genus distribution was then predicted based on the most suitable habitat characteristics and mapped spatially. This study confirmed that Magnolia spp. distribution is affected by the annual temperature range, precipitation seasonality, and elevation. We discovered endemic and endangered species, Magnolia sulawesiana Brambach, Noot., and Culmsee, that were previously distributed exclusively in the central part of Sulawesi. Five waypoints of the endemic species were found in the conservation area of the Gunung Ambang Nature Reserve and on the border of Bogani Nani Wartabone Nation Park. In general, M. sulawesiana is distributed at higher elevations than other Magnolia species. This study provides a scientific basis for forest officers to develop in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies and landscape protection measures to maintain the sustainable use of the genus, especially the sustainability of endemic species.
... Biological diversity research is widely recognized as a primary step for understanding the biology and ecology of plants and animals in many regions of the world [2,9,13,19]. New records of plants and animals in particular countries, smaller regions or Protected Areas [1,4,23] serve as a basis for additions to lists of plants and animals that enable creation of taxonomic checklists. In relation to Russia, as a broad and at the same time remote territory, such studies are crucial to obtain the complete list of taxa. ...
The biodiversity conservation is based on our knowledge of the complete composition of plants and animals within a certain area. In this paper, we present data of biodiversity research in the Republic of Mordovia (European Russia). The obtained results are reflected in six vascular plant found for the first time in the studied region. Of them, four alien taxa (Philadelphus coronarius, Rosa x majorugosa, Spiraea japonica, Syringa josikaea) are known only in the Mordovia State Nature Reserve now. This underlines the need paying our attention to alien plants that escape into the wild (naturalize) in the least disturbed ecosystems of this Protected Area. The Urtica galeopsiifolia distribution needs to be clarified in more details because of its similarity to the widely known Urtica dioica. Thus, a majority of the species under discussion are alien plants considered as cultivated plants escaping in the wild. Taking into account the newly revealed species, the vascular plant flora of the Republic of Mordovia currently includes 1,472 species. In this study, we propose the continuing the study of man-made habitats in terms of accidentally or intentionally introduced alien species, as well as the searching of hidden taxa, such as Urtica galeopsiifolia found in this study.
... Mt. Apo Natural Park (MANP) is the highest peak in the Philippines and one of the protected areas in Mindanao. As one of the Philippine Long-term Ecological Research sites and ASEAN heritage park, it is home to different endemic species of plants and animals (Kim et al. 2017;Coritico and Amoroso 2020). During our recent botanical survey in Mt. ...
Ophioderma redactophylla is a new fern species record for the Philippines discovered at Mt. Apo in North Cotabato Province, extending its original distribution from the Malay Peninsula (southern Thailand). New insights on its morphology are provided together with its conservation status and a revised dichotomous key to the Ophioderma in the Philippines.
... Research on the diversity of ferns as the basis for producing a checklist in two tourism forests in Kedah, Malaysia by Rahmad and Akomolafe (2019) found two species of Gleicheniaceae, namely Dicranopteris linearis and Gleichenia truncata. A study to uncover ferns that were classified as threatened was carried out by Coritico and Amoroso (2020) which served as a basis for protection and conservation, as well as growing public awareness of the diversity of ferns that need to be protected. Recently, Saharizan et al. (2021) investigated the species composition, diversity, and species richness of ferns in oil palm plantation areas in Segamat, Johor. ...
Marpaung AA, Susandarini R. 2021. Variation on morphology and spore characters of Dicranopteris and Sticherus (Gleicheniaceae) from Rokan Hulu District, Riau. Biodiversitas 22: 4475-4486. Dicranopteris and Sticherus are genera in the family Gleicheniaceae which have unique habits and distinctively specific growth with the presence of a bud on the forking branches. This study aims to reveal the species diversity of Gleicheniaceae members found in the forest area of Bukit Suligi Tandun, Rokan Hulu District, Riau and to document variations in their morphological characters and spores. Eleven collections were obtained from the exploration in the study area. The identification of plant specimens showed that these eleven taxa consisted of Dicranopteris curranii, Dicranopteris speciosa, seven varieties of Dicranopteris linearis, and two varieties of Sticherus truncatus. Seven varieties within D. linearis were D. linearis var. linearis, D. linearis var. alternans, D. linearis var. altissima, D. linearis var. demota, D. linearis var. inaequalis, D. linearis var. subspeciosa, and D. linearis var. tetraphylla. The only one species of Sticherus found was S. truncatus which consisted of two varieties, namely S. truncatus var. truncata and S. truncatus var. involuta. Morphological characters were observed from fertile specimens, while spore characters were observed from spore microscopic slides prepared using acetolysis method. There were 42 morphological characters and spores examined and used as the basis for determining the phenetic relationships using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results of cluster analysis showed the formation of two clusters that clearly separated the genus Sticherus from Dicranopteris. The three species of Dicranopteris were also clearly separated from each other in different sub-clusters. The result of principal component analysis indicated characters that contribute to the grouping of the eleven taxa and was able to explain the distinguishing characters in each group recognized from the cluster analysis. Overall, the results of this study contributed to documenting in detail the morphological variations in sporophyte and spore characters in eleven taxa of Dicranopetris and Sticherus, as well as proving the role of morphological and spore characters in the classification and defining phenetic relationships using numerical taxonomic approach.
... The biodiversity loss occurs worldwide and at an ever increasing rate seen so far (Pimm et al 2014, Le Roux et al 2019. This especially concerns the forest ecosystems near the areas with the high human population density (Coritico and Amoroso 2020). The high land use can negatively influence the ecosystem through extinction of native elements and introduction of invasive species (Gilliam 2007). ...
The present paper was aimed to study the flora and composition of the herbaceous species in Behali Reserve Forest (Assam, India). For this purpose, in 2019-2020, we established nine study sites with various number of 1 × 1 m study plots per each. In total, 77 plant taxa belonging to 71 genera and 33 families were recorded. The families Acanthaceae (7 species), Asteraceae (6 species), Poaceae (6 species), Lamiaceae (5 species) and Asparagaceae (5 species) were richest in terms of number of species. The most abundant species were Cynodon dactylon Piper sylvaticum Ageratum conyzoides Amischotolype hookeri (235 individuals), (145 individuals), (103 individuals), and (101 individuals). The same species plus were considered as dominant in herbaceous plant communities studied in the Rhaphidophora glauca Behali Reserve Forest. The protected area is recognized as one of the richest herbaceous flora among other Protected Areas in the Northeast India. At the same time, some "white gaps" remained in the Behali Reserve Forest. Only the establishing of dense and relatively even net of the study sites along this Protected Area will allow to obtain the complete knowledge about herbaceous flora of the Behali Reserve Forest, although the main proportion of the flora and vegetation structure will be changed insignificantly.
... The study of plant biodiversity is an important part of biological and ecological research around the world [2,8,14,24]. The additions to data on the plant diversity of certain regions or Protected Areas [1,3,5,28] are a basis for creation of checklists of countries and particular geographical macro-regions. This is especially important in relation to such a large country as Russia, characterized by broad and at the same time hard-to-reach territories. ...
The (re)check of the iNaturalist data related to the Republic of Mordovia (European Russia) allowed us to find 16 vascular plant species, considered to be new taxa for the vascular plant flora of this region, in comparison to Silaeva et al. (2010). These species are Nonea rossica, Erigeron strigosus, Medicago × varia, Dianthus chinensis, Symphytum × uplandicum, Lamprocapnos spectabilis, Petunia × atkinsiana, Oenothera villosa, Parthenocissus inserta, Reynoutria × bohemica, Eschscholzia californica, Quercus rubra, Digitaria sanguinalis, Lysimachia punctata, Acer ginnala and Stachys byzantina. In addition, we present new data about the distribution of the five species (Silene wolgensis, Amaranthus cruentus, Cruciata laevipes, Euphorbia cyparissias and Achillea leptophylla) found in the Republic of Mordovia since publication of Silaeva et al. (2010). A majority of the species under discussion are alien plants arrived in Mordovia accidentally or considered as cultivated plants escaping in the wild. Taking into account the newly revealed species, the vascular plant flora of the Republic of Mordovia currently includes 1464 species. In this study, we highlight again the relevance and feasibility of the use of the iNaturalist platform, as an effective tool for the study and monitoring of regional and national biodiversity.
Labajo-Villantes Y, Cootes J, Luo Y-B, Nuneza OM. 2024. Orchid diversity across different forest types on Mt. Malindang, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 605-615. Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park is one of the most significant biodiversity and conservation areas and is considered a biodiversity hotspot. There have been many biodiversity studies on Mt. Malindang, but information on orchid taxonomy and distribution is limited. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive inventory of orchids using an exploratory method. Samplings were conducted in different forest types: montane, mossy, dipterocarp, mixed dipterocarp, and almaciga. A total of 114 orchid species with 55 endemics were recorded. Three of these (Phalaenopsis x intermedia Lindl., Paphiopedilum hennisianum (M.W.Wood) Fowlie, and Paphiopedilum haynaldianum (Rchb.f.) Stein) were under Appendix I (can only be exported under specific circumstances). At the same time, 78 were under the Appendix II (follow controlled trades) categories of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. P. hennisianum and P. haynaldianum, listed as endangered species globally, were observed in montane and mossy forests, respectively. Among the six sampling sites, the montane forest was the most species-rich, with the most endemics, followed by the mossy forest. Almaciga and mixed dipterocarp forests were closely related with 100% similarity. The results of this study are valuable to Mt. Malindang's ecological profile for more effective protection and conservation plans.
This research was carried out to study the diversity and assess the conservation status and endemism of ferns and lycophytes in the Mt. Malambo, Datu Salumay, Southern Philippines. Repeated transect walks were done with 20 sampling plots delineated on the site. Specimens were collected, identified, and assessed for their conservation status and endemism. Data gathered were analyzed employing the Shannon-Weiner Index. The inventory revealed 215 species (202 species of ferns and 13 species of lycophytes) belonging to 74 genera and 23 families. Polypodiaceae, Aspleniaceae, Hymenophyllaceae, and Pteridaceae were the species-rich families collected. Asplenium nidus L., Pneumatopteris costata (Brackenr.) Holttum, and Asplenium thunbergii Kunze obtained the highest species importance values. Mt. Malambo has a diversity value of H’=1.83 which is higher compared to other mountains in Mindanao. This study reports 20 Philippine endemic and 19 threatened species of ferns and lycophytes in the area. Of these, one is critically endangered, 11 are endangered, five are vulnerable, and two are other threatened species. The presence of many threatened and endemic species in the area implies that high priority should be addressed in protecting and conserving these species of ferns and lycophytes in Mt. Malambo.
Limited information is known about fern diversity and ecology in roadside vegetation becausefern studies are mostly conducted in montane ecosystems. This study aimed to report the diversityand distribution of fern species in the roadside vegetation of Quezon Province, Philippines. Weestablished sampling plots along selected roadside vegetation of Macalelon and Infanta andsurveyed the fern communities. The ecological factors were measured in situ while the edaphicfactors were analyzed ex situ for physicochemical parameters. We identified a total of 15 speciesbelonging to seven families and 12 genera. Both study sites have low fern diversity and evenness.The most common species in Macalelon wasNephrolepis hirsutula (G.Forst.) C.Presl., whereasSphaerostephanos hirsutus (Kunze ex Mett.) Holttum was in Infanta. Two species, Lygodiumcircinnatum (Burm.fil.) Sw. and Pteris vittata L. were classified as least concern (LC), and onespecies, Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm.f.) Pic.Serm. was classified as vulnerable (VU).Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that fern distribution in Macalelon was highlyinfluenced by relative humidity, elevation, soil temperature, and air temperature, whereas itwas by soil pH, slope, soil organic matter, soil moisture content, and elevation in Infanta. Thefern species thriving in the roadside vegetation of the localities are adaptive to disturbanceand changes in ecological and edaphic factors, which highlights their importance as potentialbioindicators.
