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![Coverage Map Orange mobile in Poland [22].](profile/Cezary-Specht/publication/279288141/figure/fig4/AS:391523968536582@1470357996067/Coverage-Map-Orange-mobile-in-Poland-22.png)
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![Figure 4. Network of ASG EUPOS reference stations [21]](profile/Cezary-Specht/publication/279288141/figure/fig3/AS:391523964342293@1470357995810/Network-of-ASG-EUPOS-reference-stations-21_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 8. Coverage Map Orange mobile in Poland [22].](profile/Cezary-Specht/publication/279288141/figure/fig4/AS:391523968536582@1470357996067/Coverage-Map-Orange-mobile-in-Poland-22_Q320.jpg)
The paper discusses the ASG EUPOS services. There is presented an assessment of the possibility of using this system selected sites in hydrography and off-shore navigation tasks. Presented and analyzed the experiments were carried out in the port of Gdynia and on the Gulf of Gda?sk. The results obtaining in the work confirm the possibility of the p...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... important problem to occur as measured by RTK with ASG EUPOS network is internet coverage provided by mobile telephony. The ORANGE mobile phone coverage map is shown in Figure 8. The analysis of the map brings the conclusion that mobile phone range covers almost the entire Gulf of Gdansk and in the coastal zone of less than 10 nautical miles (Nm). ...
Citations
... While there are quite a lot of publications on the real-time services of the ASG-EUPOS [24][25][26][27][28], the assessment of the POZGEO has not been a popular research topic. Analyses of measurement results with the POZGEO can be categorised as those tackling the session duration [29], the number of satellites available [30], and the impact of GNSS antenna calibration models on geometrical heights measurement [31,32]. ...
The paper presents an assessment of the accuracy and precision of point positioning using a currently available online service for automatic post-processing (APPS) of GNSS observations made by the Polish Active Geodetic Network—European Position Determination System (ASG-EUPOS). The ASG-EUPOS network is part of the national EUPOS project and was selected for the study because of its substantial spatial reach in Europe. A modification to the current APPS algorithm is proposed to limit the number of baseline vectors used in positioning and change the method for adjusting post-processing results. Currently, the APPS of the ASG-EUPOS determines point coordinates based on the method for adjusting direct and equally accurate observations with the least-squares method (equally accurate method, EAM). The modification proposes to determine the coordinates based on post-processing results adjustment using the unequally accurate observations method (unequally accurate method, UAM). Our analysis diagnoses the uncertainty of the ASG-EUPOS’s APPS, and the modification optimises the adjustment. The proposed modification facilitates a much lower standard deviation of positioning in relation to reference positions. It is demonstrated that, if modified, the ASG-EUPOS service can provide automatic post-processing for 1 h GPS observations with a 1 s interval at 0.03 m accuracy for 99% of cases.
... Otherwise, the triple carrier-phase differential method is used, which yields results with centimetre accuracy [24,25]. While there are quite many publications on real-time sub-services of ASG-EUPOS [26][27][28][29], the evaluation of the functioning of POZGEO has not been a popular research topic. ...
The systems belonging to the European Position Determination System (EUPOS) are obliged to have a sub-service for automatic post-processing (APPS) of static satellite user observations based on observations registered by reference stations. The optimization of the number of tie vectors to reference stations is determined by the authors of APPS algorithms and is a key issue. The study validates the determination of the position of a point based on a smaller number of tie vectors than for the standard solution provided by a sub-service on an example of APPS of the Polish Active Geodetic Network (ASG-EUPOS). It was shown that the reduction of the number of tie vectors by one does not result in a significant deterioration of the accuracy of the obtained coordinates. The other objective of this study is to propose a method for comparing 3D sets. This method is based on 3D figures of assessment and a modification of a method for comparing text sets. The proposed method was validated by comparison with the Spearman correlation coefficient and Mahalanobis distance. The usefulness of the method for similarity and dissimilarity analyses of 3D sets has been demonstrated with an example of comparing the combination of reference vectors with a standard solution of APPS of ASG-EUPOS.
... The ellipsoidal height of a point on the sea surface, for example on a drilling platform, can be determined by GNSS observations with the use of RTK network technology implemented on the ASG-EUPOS network. The evaluation of the potential use of this technique in the offshore area was the subject of prior research (Rogowski et al., 2015). The cited work involved a number of measurement experiments conducted to evaluate the usability of the ASG-EUPOS system with the use of RTK/VRS technology. ...
... On the area beyond 10 Mm it will be necessary to apply the method which in turn will result in the deterioration of accuracy to approx. 25 cm (Przestrzelski, 2017), (Rogowski et al., 2015). ...
The determination of the height in the vertical reference frame in force in Poland is based both on national regulations (Council of Ministers Regulation, 2012) and on the resolution adopted by the EUREF subcommittee in Tromsø (Resolution No. 5, EUREF Symposium, 2000). Currently, the PL-KRON86-NH vertical reference frame is in use in Poland – a normal height system referred to a quasi-geoid of the average level of the Baltic Sea determined by the zero level of the mareograph in Kronstadt. According to the Regulation, by the end of 2019, Poland will adopt the PL-EVRF2007-NH vertical reference frame, i.e. a normal height system referred to the zero level of the mareograph in Amsterdam. The authors present a method of determining normal heights of seabed referred to the zero level of the mareograph in Amsterdam for coastal areas of the Baltic Sea. This method uses GNSS measurements, the EGM 2008 model and depth measuring methods typical for underwater mining.
... Having worked in the Real Time Kinematic (RTK) mode based on the NAWGEO service of the active geodetic network ASG-EUPOS [74][75][76], a horizontal accuracy of the order of 2-3 cm (p = 0.95) and a vertical accuracy of 3-5 cm (p = 0.95) were obtained. The two virtual ovals in the stadium concerned were measured to yield 259 points. ...
For many years, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have been used in professional navigation, land surveying and transport. The last decade has been a period of extending the area of their use to social applications, including those related to sports and recreation. Nowadays, both handheld recorders and mobile phones equipped with GNSS modules are widely used in fitness. Moreover, due to the popularisation of jogging, a mobile phone has become one of the essential navigational instruments which enables, inter alia, the determination of the distance covered by an amateur athlete, the duration of completing the route and the athlete's speed. However, each of satellite-based solutions is characterised by a different positioning accuracy and positioning availability, which have a decisive influence on the reliability of the parameters being measured. The article proposes a new measure of positioning accuracy, the Stadium Cross Track Error (SXTE) with a confidence level of 95% and 68%, as a universal comparison criterion for satellite sport receivers. The application of the method is presented with the example of receivers used in nine Samsung Galaxy series mobile phones. The method uses an athletics stadium that meets the International Association of Athletics Federations standard for the running track length (400 m). The study demonstrated significant differences in positioning accuracies of particular GNSS receivers in Samsung Galaxy series mobile phones while allowing their accuracy to be unambiguously assessed.
... Hence, the average number of satellites available to a carrier phase receiver usually ranges from 16 to 20, which ensures a hydroacoustic device positioning accuracy of 1-2 cm (RMS). These values can be obtained only with GNSS geodetic networks, which offer paid or free services [39][40][41][42][43]. Network users can perform GNSS measurements with one of the two measurement methods. ...
Baselines are used to establish the maritime boundaries of a coastal state which include the territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf; thus, they are instrumental in implementing state maritime policy. For Poland, as well as in other coastal states, baseline determination can be considered from both a legal and measurement-related point of view. This paper discusses an effective and optimal method of performing bathymetric measurements to enable territorial sea baseline determination in selected waterbodies of Poland. It presents a method for planning a hydrographic survey using both manned and unmanned vessels and presents oceanographic parameters that should be determined before and during hydrographic measurements, as well as a method of choosing the measuring equipment used in bathymetric measurements in ultra-shallow waters. The results of our analyses showed that using an unmanned vessel, on which a multi-GNSS receiver and a miniature MBES or SBES can be installed, is currently the optimum and the most effective method for determining the territorial sea baseline.
... The ellipsoidal height of a point on the sea surface, for example on a drilling platform, can be determined using GNSS observations with the use of RTK network technology implemented on the ASG-EUPOS network. The evaluation of the potential use of this technique in the offshore area was the subject of prior research (Rogowski et al., 2015). The cited work involved a number of measurement experiments conducted to evaluate the usability of the ASG-EUPOS system with the use of RTK/VRS technology. ...
The article presents a method of determining the level of the seabed in the Polish reference system. The authors show how to determine the ellipsoidal height of the seabed using GNSS measurements and single-beam echo sounders. The authors propose the transition to the system of normal heights referred to the average level of the North Sea as defined by the tide-gauge in Amsterdam to be made using the EGM 2008 model and data from the official Polish quasi-geoid model as well as data from another model distributed by GUGiK (Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography). The article presents also potential errors of the presented method.
... RTK is a differential technique based on carrier phase ambiguity fixing using the data provided by a reference station. While RTK based positioning is a standard approach for applications like surveying, hydrography [6] and precise farming, its usage for safety of life critical applications like vessel navigation is still under development. ...
In order to enable port operations, which require an accuracy of about 10cm, the German Aerospace Center (DLR) operates the Maritime Ground Based Augmentation Service (MGBAS) in the Research Port of Rostock. The MGBAS reference station provides GPS dual frequency code and phase correction data, which are continuously transmitted via an ultra-high frequency (UHF) modem. Up to now the validation of the MGBAS was rather limited. Either a second shore based station was used as an artificial user, or measurement campaigns on a vessel with duration of a few hours have been conducted. In order to overcome this, we have installed three separate dual frequency antennas and receivers and a UHF modem on the Stena Line ferry vessel Mecklenburg Vorpommern which is plying between Rostock and Trelleborg. This paper concentrates on the analysis of the highly accurate phase based positioning with a Real Time Kinematic (RTK) algorithm, using correction data received by the UHF modem onboard the vessel. We analyzed the availability and accuracy of RTK fix solutions for several days, whenever the ferry vessel was inside the service area of the MGBAS.
High-resolution Multibeam Echosounder shallow water surveys should not be performed with DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System), especially where feature detection is a priority. Despite the fact that International Hydrographic Organization most demanding Special Order Specification allows for 2 meters horizontal positioning level, it poorly interacts with horizontal centimetric level nadir footprint, causing degradation of bathy-metric data.
