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Cotton plants in Plant Breeding Unit (PBU) at 40 DAP. Untreated control (left) and treatment with strain Bacillus velezensis Bve12 (right).
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In the past decade, increased attention has been placed on biological control of plant- parasitic nematodes using various fungi and bacteria. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential of 662 plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains for mortality to Meloidogyne incognita J2 in vitro and for nematode management in greenho...
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... Table 4. Efficacy of six plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria strains and two mixtures on plant height, plant biomass, and Meloidogyne incognita eggs/gr at 40 DAP, and yield of cotton in a field production system at 150 DAP a to Clothianidin plus B. firmus I-1582 and Abamectin standards (P # 0.10) ( Table 4). The B. velezensis strains Bve12 (Fig. 3) and Bve2 (Fig. 4) significantly increased seed-cotton yield compared with un- treated control, and was similar to Clothianidin plus B. firmus I-1582 and Abamectin standards (P # 0.10) ( Table ...
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Rotylenchulus reniformis is the primary economic nematode pathogen of cotton and also causes significant economic losses on soybean production in the southern region of the United States. Two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains, Bmo3 (Bacillus mojavensis) and Bve2 (B. velezensis), previously reported to reduce Meloidogyne incognita...
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) in particular those belonging to the genera Meloidogyne and Tylenchulus are a limiting factor in the production of many plants. In this research, we investigate a strategy for the control of PPNs in vivo and in vitro. The purpose of this research is to evaluate different concentrations of Tilapia fish powder (TFP) a...
Meloidogyne incognita is among the most devastating pathogens contributing to heavy yield losses in crops. There is little evidence regarding the use of seed priming against root-knot nematode infestation in bread wheat. The current study was designed to determine the impact of different seed priming treatments in terms of growth performance and re...
Citations
... Estes compostos são derivados primários e secundários do metabolismo microbiano e são capazes de difundir tanto na atmosfera quanto no solo, por isso são considerados ideais infoquímicos (GARNICA-VERGARA et al., 2016;KADDES et al., 2016). Vários estudos evidenciaram o potencial dessas bactérias para controle de fitopatógenos e promoção de crescimento de plantas (ZUCKERMAN et al., 1993;PADGHAM & SIKORA 2007;XIANG et al., 2017). ...
... On the other hand, several species of rhizobacteria including, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Pasteuria have been shown to affect RKN species [19][20][21] through antibiosis, direct parasitism, competition for food or space, induction of systemic resistance of the host plant and reduction of root penetration [22,23]. Also, Streptomyces, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Pasteuria are reported as nematicidal [24,25]. Particularly, Bacillus firmus, B. subtilis and B. coagulans have been shown to inhibit nematode infection caused by M. javanica on brinjal [26]. ...
Meloidogyne nematodes, commonly known as root-knot nematodes, pose a considerable threat to crop yields, resulting in significant economic losses due to their intricate biology and limited control methods. In line with the European Union's focus on promoting organic farming and soil health to encourage sustainable agricultural practices, this study explores the efficacy of two characterized bacterial communities obtained from compost, namely SynCom1 and SynCom2, against Meloidogyne javanica in tomato plants. Through pot experiments, it is demonstrated that both bacterial communities effectively suppress nematode reproduction and root infections while simultaneously enhancing various growth parameters in tomatoes. These findings underscore the potential of synthetic bacterial communities as promising tools for organic or integrated pest management, thereby supporting sustainable agricultural practices and contributing to improved crop yields.
... The wheat rhizosphere Bacillus altitudinis D30202 was shown to have bioherbicidal potential on the grass Avena fatua L. (Ma et al., 2023). Bacillus strains such as B. altitudinis, B. pumilis, B. velezensis, B. mojavensis and B. megaterium showed nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita (Padgham and Sikora, 2007;Huang et al., 2010;Xiang et al., 2017;El-Nagdi and Abd-El-Khair, 2019;Guimarães Pacifico et al., 2021;Ye et al., 2022) and Heterodera glycines, which threatens soybean production (Dalvan Do Nascimento et al., 2022). Cell-free culture supernatants and volatiles of B. amyloliquefaciens BV03, PTA4838 and B. velezensis MBI600 killed more than 85% of Helicotylenchus dihystera infesting soybean (Camatti et al., 2023). ...
Agricultural productivity in the Great Lakes Countries of Central Africa, including Burundi, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, is affected by a wide range of diseases and pests which are mainly controlled by chemical pesticides. However, more than 30% of the pesticides used in the region are banned in European Union due to their high toxicity. Globally available safe and eco-friendly biological alternatives to chemicals are virtually non-existent in the region. Bacillus PGPR-based biocontrol products are the most dominant in the market and have proven their efficacy in controlling major plant diseases reported in the region. With this review, we present the current situation of disease and pest management and urge the need to utilize Bacillus-based control as a possible sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides. A repertoire of strains from the Bacillus subtilis group that have shown great potential to antagonize local pathogens is provided, and efforts to promote their use, as well as the search for indigenous and more adapted Bacillus strains to local agro-ecological conditions, should be undertaken to make sustainable agriculture a reality in the region.
... To obtain the J2 stage, eggs were placed in a piece of 35-μm-pore nylon cloth standing in a 15-cm Petri dish containing shallow tap water and incubated at room temperature for 5 to 7 days [22]. For in vitro screening, eggs and J2 were rinsed five times with sterile distilled water prior to use in in vitro screening [23]. ...
... Cells were harvested, rehydrated in 10 mL sterile water and adjusted to the concentration of 10 6 cells/250 μL of sterile water. Screening was performed in 25-well plastic plates using a modified protocol from Xiang et al. [23]. About 30 to 50 eggs or J2 in 250 µL of sterile water were distributed into each well and then added with 250 µL bacterial suspension. ...
... Several investigators showed that increasing the number of isolates screened or use of appropriate culture medium could increase the chance of finding isolates with 100% efficacy under in vitro tests. For example, Park et al. [26] obtained 3 out of 523 rhizobacteria isolates (0.57%) which generated 100% mortality of M. hapla J2, and Xiang et al. [23] obtained 3 out of 662 (0.45%) plant-growth promoting (PGPR) bacteria which caused 100% mortality of M. incognita J2. Strong nematicidal activity which related to rapid cell growth of B. cereus C1-7 was observed when this isolate was cultured on brain infusion heart broth than on nutrient broth [26]. ...
... On the one hand, it can directly promote crop growth by producing plant growth regulators, or transform soil minerals through its nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution, and potassium solution, to promote the absorption and utilization of plant-related nutrients [2,3]. On the other hand, by producing antibacterial substances, inducing crop system resistance, to enhance the resistance of plants [4,5]. At the same time, PGPR metabolic activities can enhance the decomposition of organic matter in the soil, promote the mineralization of plant nutrient elements, improve the soil structure and nutrient composition, and improve soil fertility [6,7]. ...
Aims
In-depth studies on plant ion uptake and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) at the molecular level will help to further reveal the effects of PGPR on plants and their interaction mechanisms under salt stress.
Methods
Cotton was inoculated with a PGPR-Enterobacter cloacae Rs-35, and the ion uptake capacity, membrane transporter protein activity, and expression of key genes were determined under salt stress. Changes in the endogenous hormone content of cotton were also determined. Further, the genome-wide metabolic pathway annotation of E. cloacae Rs-35 and its differential enrichment pathway analysis of multi-omics under salinity environments were performed.
Results
In a pot experiment of saline-alkali soil, E. cloacae Rs-35-treated cotton significantly increased its uptake of K⁺ and Ca²⁺ and decreased uptake of Na⁺, elevated the activity of the H⁺-ATPase, and increased the sensitivity of the Na⁺/H⁺ reverse transporter protein on the vesicle membrane. Meanwhile, inoculation with E. cloacae Rs-35 could promote cotton to maintain the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content under salt stress. Genome-wide annotation showed that E. cloacae Rs-35 was respectively annotated to 31, 38, and 130 related genes in osmotic stress, phytohormone and organic acid metabolism, and ion uptake metabolic pathway. Multi-omics differences analysis showed that E. cloacae Rs-35 were enriched to tryptophan metabolism, multiple amino acid biosynthesis, carbon and glucose synthesis, and oxidative phosphorylation metabolic pathways at the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome.
Conclusion
E. cloacae Rs-35 can promote cotton balance cell ion concentration, stabilize intracellular IAA changes, stimulate induction of systemic tolerance, and promote the growth of cotton plants under salt stress.
... are considered a good option for biocontrol (Engelbrecht et al., 2018) due to attributes such as the production of antibiotics, enzymes, exotoxins, and metabolites that contribute to their potential as bionematicides (Abbasi et al., 2014). Xiang et al. (2017) demonstrated that Bacillus was the bacterial genus that resulted in the most M. incognita second-stage juvenile (J2) mortality compared to other bacterial genera. Bacillus subtillis was responsible for the greatest reductions in M. javanica infection in eggplants (Abassi et al., 2014). ...
... These results corroborate the control levels of BA in field situations in Brazil (Miamoto et al., 2017;Dias-Arieira et al., 2018;Oliveira et al., 2019). Other studies have demonstrated that Bacillus was the genus that resulted in the greatest nematode mortality (Xiang et al., 2017) and reduced gall formation (Hussain et al., 2020;Benedetti et al., 2021). In the absence of BA, the addition of iron NP reduced densities and development of M. javanica, demonstrating that the iron NP has the potential for nematode control. ...
The root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., have a wide geographical distribution and are among the most aggressive and economically important genera of nematodes worldwide. The phase out of some chemical nematicides makes it necessary to search for new tools to manage these plant-parasitic nematodes. The use of biological agents (BA) has received attention for nematode management, but some characteristics limit the efficacy of these agents. Nanoparticles (NP), due to their specific properties, represent a tool to mitigate the limitations of BA and have also shown potential in the management of plant diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the efficiency of iron NP co-inoculation with a BA for the management of Meloidogyne javanica in soybean. The application of iron NP at 75 mg/kg + BA at 1 ml/kg resulted in an 88% reduction in the density of M. javanica females in roots. The mode of action responsible for the mortality of M. javanica appeared to be linked to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Co-inoculation of iron NP and BA has the potential as a M. javanica management strategy in soybean.. 2023. Nanopartículas de ferro e agente nematicida biológico no manejo da Meloidogyne javanica em soja. Nematropica 53:89-103. O nematoide das galhas das raízes, Meloidogyne spp., apresenta ampla distribuição geográfica e está entre os nematoides mais agressivos e economicamente importantes do mundo. A proibição de uso de alguns nematicidas químicos importantes tornou necessário a busca por novas ferramentas de controle deste patógeno. A utilização de agentes biológicos (BA) tem recebido atenção no manejo do nematoide porém algumas características limitam a eficiência destes produtos. Devido a propriedades específicas as nanopartículas (NP) apresentam-se como uma ferramenta interessante para mitigar as limitações dos BA além de apresentarem potencial para o manejo de doenças de plantas. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência da co-inoculação de NP de ferro a um agente biológico nematicida no manejo de Meloidogyne javanica em soja. A aplicação de 75 mg/kg de NP de ferro + 1 ml/kg de BA resultou em uma 90 NEMATROPICA, Vol. 53, 2023 redução de 88% na densidade de fêmeas de M. javanica no sistema radicular da soja. O modo de ação que causa a mortalidade da M. javanica parece estar ligado à geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio. A co-inoculação do NP de ferro ao BA demonstra um bom potencial para uso na estratégia de manejo do M. javanica em soja. Palavras-chave: Controle biológico, nanotecnologia, nematoides parasitas de plantas, radicais livres de oxigênio, nematoides das galhas das raízes
... To obtain second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne spp. eggs were placed in a modified Baermann funnel (Castillo et al., 2013) and incubated at 31 °C for 2 to 4 d (Xiang et al., 2017). The J2 were selected with micropipette using an CX31 brand microscope at 4X objective and adjusted to a concentration of 40 J2 in 2.5 mL sterile distilled water, per Petri dish as experimental unit. ...
The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) causes losses of up to 68% of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production, management practices are limited and toxic chemicals are mostly used. An integrated management alternative was evaluated based on the antagonist effect of native bacteria of the genus Bacillus on the nematode using four tomato germplasms, two commercial (susceptible and tolerant) and two wild (IAC 1687 and COLY 007). In the in vitro phase, strains B. infantis (GIBI 177), B. altitudinis (GIBI 187), B. pumilus (GIBI 195), B. amyloliquefaciens (GIBI 200) and B. pumilus (GIBI 206) were evaluated and the percentage of inhibition of nematode egg hatching at 9 d after inoculation and the percentage of mortality in juveniles at 72 h after incubation were determined. The results showed that all native strains presented a control effect under controlled conditions, but B. infantis being the bacterium with the highest selection index (0.65). In the field phase, a split-plot design was established, the main plot being the four-tomato genotype and the secondary plot the bacillus strain, and the percentage of severity, number of eggs and juveniles were evaluated. The tomato genotype with the best response to Meloidogyne spp. attack was IAC 1687, when obtaining values of 2088.8 ± 599.1 individuals 100 g-1 root. The bacterium that presented the best interaction with 3 of the 4 genotypes evaluated was B. pumilus (GIBI 206), in IAC 1687 with 1731.33 ± 1382. 57 individuals 100 g-1 root, in the resistant genotype with 16627 ± 4588.1 individuals 100 g-1 root and in the susceptible genotype with 3303.83 ± 1256.25 individuals 100 g-1 root. This study reports the use of tomato genetic resources and antagonist bacteria as a potential integrated management of the root-knot nematode.
... On the one hand, it can directly promote crop growth by producing plant growth regulators, or transform soil minerals through its nitrogen xation, phosphorus dissolution, and potassium solution, to promote the absorption and utilization of plant-related nutrients [2, 3]. On the other hand, by producing antibacterial substances, inducing crop system resistance, to enhance the resistance of plants [4,5]. At the same time, PGPR metabolic activities can enhance the decomposition of organic matter in the soil, promote the mineralization of plant nutrient elements, improve the soil structure and nutrient composition, and improve soil fertility [6,7]. ...
Aims
In-depth studies on plant ion uptake and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) at the molecular level will help to further reveal the effects of PGPR on plants and their interaction mechanisms under salt stress.
Methods
Cotton was inoculated with a PGPR-Enterobacter cloacae Rs-35, and the ion uptake capacity, membrane transporter protein activity, and expression of key genes were determined under salt stress. Changes in the endogenous hormone content of cotton were also determined. Further, the genome-wide metabolic pathway annotation of E. cloacae Rs-35 and its differential enrichment pathway analysis of multi-omics under salinity environments were performed.
Results
In a pot experiment of saline-alkali soil, E. cloacae Rs-35-treated cotton significantly increased its uptake of K⁺ and Ca²⁺ and decreased uptake of Na⁺, elevated the activity of the H⁺-ATPase, and increased the sensitivity of the Na⁺/H⁺ reverse transporter protein on the vesicle membrane. Meanwhile, inoculation with E. cloacae Rs-35 could promote cotton maintain the indoleacetic acid(IAA) content under salt stress. Genome-wide annotation showed that E. cloacae Rs-35 was respectively annotated to 31, 38, and 130 related genes in osmotic stress, phytohormone and organic acid metabolism, and ion uptake metabolic pathway. Multi-omics differences analysis showed that E. cloacae Rs-35 were enriched to tryptophan metabolism, multiple amino acid biosynthesis, carbon and glucose synthesis, and oxidative phosphorylation metabolic pathways at the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome.
Conclusion
E. cloacae Rs-35 can promote cotton balance cell ion concentration, stabilize intracellular IAA changes, stimulate induction of systemic tolerance, and promotes the growth of cotton plants under salt stress.
... The most critical success factors in increasing plant output is seed inoculation or priming with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) (Ashrafi & Seiedi 2011). PGPB is a consortium of beneficial bacteria that affects plant growth (Huang et al. 2016), productivity (Liu et al. 2016), and nutritional composition (Calvo et al. 2017), and were shown to be able to prevent plant disease, biologically (Xiang et al. 2017). In order to maximize the beneficial effects of these bacteria, it is essential to choose the right PGPB strain for each soil-plant-PGPB system and to optimize the inoculation method in both greenhouse and openfield experiments (Ruzzi & Aroca 2015). ...
Many types of soil bacteria through antagonistic activity, thrive in the rhizosphere of plants or surround the tissues of plants and encourage plant development and reduce the nematode population. Bacteria as such are commonly known as Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). The purpose of this research was to determine Bacillus spp. inoculations impact on tomato seedling development with varying rates of chemical nitrogen-fertilizer. To minimize the recommended quantity of N fertilizer for tomato seedling development, a small pot experiment with selected PGPB was undertaken with varying amount of N fertilizer. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) labeled as UPMB10 and UPMRB9 (identified as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus tequilensis, respectively) were utilized as microbial inoculants because they showed a significant improvement in seedling growth and N concentration in tomato plant tissues in a pot culture investigation. These microbial inoculants significantly improved the development of the plants, stem length, root length, leaves number, dry weight of shoots (stem, leaves), dry weight of roots, SPAD value, N concentration in tissues, and soil bacterial population. Bacteria-treated seedlings with 50% N fertilizer significantly increased stem length (69.07%), root length (78.51%), leaves number (68.58%), shoots (92.45%, 90.39%, stem and leaves, respectively), roots (73.33%), SPAD value (50.31%), and N concentration in plant tissues (63.79%) as compared to the uninoculated control. The findings also showed that inoculation of the Bacillus spp. tomato seedlings could save up to 50 percent of the recommended rate of chemical N fertilizer without affecting tomato seedling growth. The findings of this study suggest that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer given during tomato seedling development can be reduced by half, resulting in increased soil health and reduced environmental pollution. ABSTRAK Pelbagai jenis bakteria tanah melalui aktiviti antagonis, tumbuh subur dalam rizosfera tumbuhan atau mengelilingi tisu tumbuhan dan menggalakkan perkembangan tumbuhan dan mengurangkan populasi nematod. Bakteria seperti ini biasanya dikenali sebagai Rizobakteria Penggalak Pertumbuhan Tumbuhan (PGPR). Tujuan penyelidikan ini adalah untuk menentukan impak inokulasi Bacillus spp. kepada perkembangan anak benih tomato dengan kadar baja nitrogen kimia yang berbeza-beza. Untuk meminimumkan kuantiti baja N yang disyorkan untuk pembangunan anak 1070 benih tomato, satu uji kaji pasu kecil dengan PGPB terpilih telah dijalankan dengan jumlah baja N yang berbeza-beza. Bakteria penggalak pertumbuhan tumbuhan (PGPB) yang dilabelkan sebagai UPMB10 dan UPMRB9 (masing-masing dikenal pasti sebagai Bacillus subtilis dan Bacillus tequilensis) telah digunakan sebagai inokulan mikrob kerana ia menunjukkan peningkatan yang ketara dalam pertumbuhan anak benih dan kepekatan N dalam tisu tumbuhan tomato kajian kultur pasu. Inokulan mikrob ini dengan ketara meningkatkan perkembangan tumbuhan, panjang batang, panjang akar, bilangan daun, berat kering pucuk (batang, daun), berat kering akar, nilai SPAD, kepekatan N dalam tisu dan populasi bakteria tanah. Anak benih yang dirawat dengan 50% N bakteria baja dengan ketara meningkatkan panjang batang (69.07%), panjang akar (78.51%), bilangan daun (68.58%), pucuk (masing-masing 92.45%, 90.39% untuk batang dan daun), akar (73.33%), nilai SPAD (50.31%) dan kepekatan N dalam tisu tumbuhan (63.79%) berbanding kawalan tanpa inokulasi. Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa inokulasi Bacillus spp. anak benih tomato boleh menjimatkan sehingga 50 peratus daripada kadar baja N kimia yang disyorkan tanpa menjejaskan pertumbuhan anak benih tomato. Hasil kajian ini juga mencadangkan bahawa jumlah baja nitrogen yang diberikan semasa pembangunan anak benih tomato dapat dikurangkan sebanyak separuh, menyebabkan kesihatan tanah meningkat dan pencemaran alam sekitar berkurangan.
... On the other hand, some PGPR can significantly stimulate plant growth but do not control nematodes (Aballay et al., 2011). B. velezensis Bve12 and B. weihenstephanensis Bwe15 are reported to increase early plant growth and yield in cotton plants grown under field conditions, affected by M. incognita (Xiang et al., 2017). S. plymuthica M24T3 showed high nematicidal activity (100 %) and demonstrated high plant colonization activity and growth promotion (Proença et al., 2019). ...
