Figure 5 - uploaded by Bálint Dima
Content may be subject to copyright.
Cortinarius subgracilis. One verified occurrence in Norway (TEB 298-10, Kongkleivåsen N, Telemark, outer Oslofjord). Photo Kristin H. Brandrud.
Source publication
Five initially whitish-pale ochre Cortinarius section Calochroi species (“the C. parvus complex”) from SE Norwegian calcareous Tilia forests are treated. The species have their world’s northernmost localities in the Oslofjord–Mjøsa area, and are all extremely rare; with 1–3 known localities from our Tilia forests, probably very old ones, of relic n...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... Cortinarius subgracilis is a pale species with a broad, flattened bulb, and comparatively large spores. The species' often bicoloured appearance (pileus with ochre brown centre and whitish margin) is typical, although somewhat dependent on age and weather conditions. The species is according to own finds locally rather frequent in calcareous Abies-dominated forests in C Europe. However, it has been remarkably overlooked, probably due to confusion with a series of similar (although more yellow or lilac-tinged) Calo- chroi species in this kind of habitat ( Brandrud et al., in prep.). In frondose forests, Cortinarius subgracilis can be distinguished from the other pale taxa by the KOH-reaction on the pileus: C. albertii, C. catharinae and C. para- suaveolens have a stronger pinkish red reaction, and C. insignibulbus has a negative KOH reaction. Furthermore, the spores of C. sub- gracilis are somewhat larger than those of C. albertii and C. catharinae (10-11.5 × 6-7 µm, versus 9.5-11 × 5.5-6.5 µm). The species is in SE Norway found in only one locality, along the Frierflaugene limestone plateau edge. Here it was in 2010 collected from three different spots (TEB 252-10, 29710, TEB 298-10), but only one of them veri- fied by sequencing. This Norwegian locality is the only known occurrence of C. subgracilis north of the Alps in thermophilous deciduous forests (with Quercus, Tilia). This kind of habitat for the species is otherwise only known from the Mediterranean areas. The description above is based solely on our Norwegian material from Tilia-Quercus forests (cfr. Fig. 5), but this seems to be morphologically quite similar to the variant in Abies(-Pinus-Picea) forests. The southern Quercus ilex populations seem to differ by the presence of lilac tinges (sub nom. C. malvaceopileatus Bidaud & Raffini; J.-M. Bellanger pers. comm.), and thus it is possible that these may be morpho- logically distinguishable from other variants. Some of the Mediterranean collections ap- parently differ by one nucleotide from typical C. subgracilis, but other collections appear identical to the type (unpublished data), and this differentiation needs more study. It is possible that this differentiation reflect the eco-geographical variation. A small genetic differentiation is also seen in related taxa, such as C. haasii (M.M. Moser) M.M. Moser, with the main populations in Abies forests, and with southern frondose forest populations (C. haasii var. quercus-ilicicola A. Ortega, Suár.-Sant. & J.D. Reyes = C. aurantiorufus Bidaud), differing in spore-morphology and a couple of differences also in ITS sequences (Schmidt-Stohn et al. ...
Similar publications
Despite different circumstances, something is universal for pupils across the world; they need motivation and resilience to succeed. This is what the current study is about; how to facilitate for increased motivation and development of life mastery skills in the classroom so that puils are resilient when they meet obstacles in their learning and in...
Citations
... Formerly, we have in Agarica presented some of the complex and species-rich groups of Cortinarius species that are typical for calcareous Tilia forests in Norway; the phlegmacioid "C. parvus-group" of section Calochroi (Brandrud et al. 2018a) and the C. puellaris group of small, telamonioid species cfr. also Brandrud et al. 2016a). ...
The Cortinarius (telamonioid) species of sect. Safranopedes (= sect. Rubricosi s. auct.) in Norway are presented, with emphasis on our calcareous Tilia forest species. Altogether 15 species from the section are now known from Norway. Most of these species must be regarded as so far little known, overlooked or misidentified. The species can be sorted in four groups in Norway; (i) more or less habitat-specific calcareous Tilia forest species (Cortinarius elaphinicolor, C. epipurrus, C. milvinicolor, C. parhonestus), (ii) small species in rich Corylus-Quercus-Tilia forests (C. russulaespermus, C. subexitiosus, C. subscotoides), (iii) small species mainly in conifer forests or with Betula (C. annae-maritae, C. comptulus, C. nigrocuspidatus, C. aff. pauperculus, C. subobtusus) (iv) very small taxa associated mainly with Salix spp., including arctic-alpine populations (C. paululus, C. pauperculus, C. scotoides). The calcareous Tilia forests taxa include the core group of sect. Safranopedes; medium-sized taxa with violet KOH-reaction in context and often radicate, saffron yellow spotted stipe and context. This core group includes C. epipurrus (= C. pseudosafranopes) which seems not uncommon in Europe, and three apparently widespread but rare species, only known from a few localities outside SE
Norway: C. milvinicolor is distinguished on its initially olivaceous grey brown colours, C. parhonestus on more vivid fulvous colours and C. elaphinicolor being more or less intermediate. A presentation and nomenclatural discussion on the type species of the section, C. safranopes is included, although this species is so far not confirmed from Norway.
... Since C. lilacinovelatus identified in this study is more whitish in colour, it might be confused with the whitish-pale ochre Cortinarius section of the Calochroi species, including C. albertii, C. catharinae, C. parasuaveolens, C. subgracilis and C. insignibulbus. However, they are distinguished by strong pink-blood red reaction with KOH (Brandrud et al. 2018b), which is not observed with C. lilacinovelatus (Frøslev et al. 2006, Frøslev et al. 2007, Frøslev 2010. ...
... In Europe, many calochroid species are strictly associated with frondose trees and knowledge on the European-Hyrcanian biogeographic link is essential to reveal the Cortinarius composition and distribution in different continents. Cortinarius lilacinovelatus together with various Calochroi species, such as the pale C. albertii, C. catharinae, C. insignibulbus and C. parasuaveolens, are calciphilous species associated with Fagus, Quercus, Carpinus, Corylus, Tilia (Brandrud et al. 2018b, Mahiques et al. 2018. Most species are rare, and distributed in Western Europe, ranging from the Mediterranean region to Southern Scandinavia to the Hungarian plane (Brandrud 2000, Brandrud et al. 2018b). ...
... Cortinarius lilacinovelatus together with various Calochroi species, such as the pale C. albertii, C. catharinae, C. insignibulbus and C. parasuaveolens, are calciphilous species associated with Fagus, Quercus, Carpinus, Corylus, Tilia (Brandrud et al. 2018b, Mahiques et al. 2018. Most species are rare, and distributed in Western Europe, ranging from the Mediterranean region to Southern Scandinavia to the Hungarian plane (Brandrud 2000, Brandrud et al. 2018b). However, their distribution in further east and southeastern regions of Europe and Asia is very little documented. ...
A new species to Turkey, Cortinarius lilacinovelatus Reumaux & Ramm, is described from Tokat city province, found in broad-leaved forests. This taxon is characterized by a pale ochraceous brown pileus, whitish, pale ochraceous flesh, whitish to pale yellowish stipe with a flattened, strongly marginate bulb, amygdaloid spores and no colour formation with KOH. A detailed morphological description and molecular analysis based on sequence comparisons of the ITS and LSU rDNA gene regions are provided. A phylogenetic relationship with the closely related species is discussed, and the distributional pattern of the studied specimen and other Cortinarius species in association with Fagus-Carpinus-Quercus host trees are also commented. © 2021 J. Cramer in Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany.
... Many studies showed that nrDNA ITS barcodes are typically effective in distinguishing Cortinarius species (e.g. Liimatainen et al. 2014;Garnica et al. 2016;Schmidt-Stohn et al. 2017;Brandrud et al. 2018b). ...
Cortinarius is an important ectomycorrhizal genus that forms a symbiotic relationship with certain trees, shrubs and herbs. Recently, we began studying Cortinarius in China and here we describe three new species of Cortinarius subg. Telamonia based on morphological and ecological characteristics, together with phylogenetic analyses. Cortinarius laccariphyllus sp. nov. (section Colymbadini) is associated with broadleaf trees, with strongly hygrophanous basidiomata, special Laccaria -like lamellae and white and extremely sparse universal veil. Cortinarius neotorvus sp. nov. (section Telamonia) is associated with broadleaf trees and is easily confused with C. torvus , but can be distinguished by the colour of the fresh basidiomes and the stipe usually somewhat tapering towards the base. Cortinarius subfuscoperonatus sp. nov. (section Fuscoperonati) is associated with coniferous trees, with subglobose to broadly ellipsoid spores and is closely related to C. fuscoperonatus . A key to the new species and similar species in sections Colymbadini , Telamonia and Fuscoperonati is provided.
... and Erica multiflora L. at Lesina. In these sites it was associated to & Reumaux, due to a strong blood red KOH-reaction on the pileus margin, and to a faint lilac tinge, which was observed only on the upper part of the stipe (not on the pileus and bulb margin), respectively (Vizzini et al. 2012;Brandrud et al. 2018). This species has still locally been reported in Italy, where it should be quite common especially in deciduous oak and mixed-hardwood stands on calcareous soils. ...
In this contribution, new data concerning algae, bryophytes, fungi, and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the algae genus Chara , the bryophyte genera Homalia , Mannia , and Tortella , the fungal genera Cortinarius , Russula , and Stereum , and the lichen genera Cetrelia , Cladonia , Enterographa , Graphis , Lecanora , Lepraria , Multiclavula , Mycomicrothelia , Parmelia , Peltigera , Pleopsidium , Psora , Scytinium , Umbilicaria , and Rhizocarpon .
... Macrochemical reagents applied were 2 % and 40 % KOH. The terminology of characters follows Brandrud et al. (1990Brandrud et al. ( , 2018a. ...
... A similar kind of habitat differentiation is seen in some other phlegmacioid taxa, such as C. dibaphus and C. olidoamarus. Also C. subgracilis has a similar kind of habitat preferences, and in this case, a morphological difference between Abies and southern Quercus variants is noted (Brandrud et al. 2018a). D e s c r i p t i o n . ...
Cortinarius hildegardiae and C. mariekristinae are described as new to science. They are phlegmacioid species with more or less yellow pilei, yellow lamellae, and extractable, greenish yellow antraquinonic pigments. They belong to the Humolentes s. l. clade. Cortinarius hildegardiae resembles C. humolens and C. osloensis, but differs from the former in the more vivid greenish yellow pileus margin and veil remnants on bulb margin when young. It differs from its phylogenetic sister species C. osloensis by smaller spores and different habitat and distribution. Cortinarius mariekristinae occupies a sister position to C. humolens, but differs from this and the often co-occurring C. osloensis e.g. by the larger spores. Species descriptions are provided, with emphasis on micromorphological characters. Their phylogenies based on nrDNA ITS sequences are presented.
Cortinarius s.l. is a globally distributed agaricoid genus that has been well studied in Europe with over 1000 described species. However, the information about their taxonomy and diversity in eastern Central Europe is still limited. Only 124 species have been reported so far from Romania, based solely on morphological observations. The aim of this study was to re-examine the diversity of the genus Cortinarius s.l. in the Romanian Carpathian area, employing molecular phylogenetic and morphological methods. During intensive field work in the period 2017–2020, a total of 234 Cortinarius s.l. specimens were collected and studied with integrative taxonomic methods. For all the samples, we amplified and sequenced the nrDNA ITS region, which is the widely used official barcode marker of fungi. These sequences were compared to the data found in public databases (GenBank, UNITE, BOLD). Based on phylogenetic analyses, we identified 109 Cortinarius s.l. species, which represent 40 sections and 3 clades. Out of these species, 43 have previously been documented from Romania based on morphological identification methods, while 66 species are reported as new to the country.
Cortinarius is probably the largest genus among macromycetes, with an estimated number of species being more than 3,000. The taxonomy is problematical with even experts having difficulty in identifying to species level or group. Most of the literature also provides a level of detail that beginners find excessive and confusing.
«Guida introduttiva al genere Cortinarius in Europa» is aimed at those interested in these fungi, whether as a keen mycologist or from casual interest. It will enable them to identify the species described, using dichotomous keys, detailed descriptions and accompanying illustrations. The excellent artwork is by the talented Italian mushroom illustrator Riccardo Mazza. The treatment follows traditional lines but incorporates the results of recent phylogenetic studies, cross referenced to an extensive bibliography.
Seasonal variation of fungi of conservation concern in a hotspot at Kjugekull in NE Scania (S. Sweden). Calcareous beech-dominated forests in a landscape surrounding lakes about 10-20 km NE of Kristianstad host an exceptional species-rich funga, including at least 170 red-listed species. During the autumn of 2019, calcareous deciduous lakeside forests (6 ha) dominated by beech (Fagus) and hazel (Corylus) at Kjugekull, southwest of lake Ivösjön, were surveyed on six occasions. A total of 40 species of conservation concern were discovered, among those Cortinarius albertii, C. humolens, Hydnellum ioeides, H. lepidum and Ramaria brienzensis. A combination of the two most species-rich visits in September and October covered 75-80 % of all recorded species of conservation concern during the season. In total 51 red-listed species of fungi have been reported at the locality during 1981-2019, many of which were only recorded either in
Cortinarius subg. Phlegmacium in a calcareous coniferous planted forest and at an old quarry at Horna Fure, Åhus (S. Sweden).
A study of fungi of conservation concern was carried out during 2015 – 2020 in a planted pine-dominated coniferous forest (150 ha) at Horna Fure close to Åhus in the eastern part of the province of Scania. One major hotspot with mixed Pinus and Picea growing on calcareous sandy soil was detected in which seven currently red-listed Cortinarius species were recorded: C. aureopulverulentus, C. aureofulvus, C. barbaricus, C. caesiostramineus s. lato, C. cupreorufus, C. metarius and C. sulfurinus. These species are either new to or rare in the province of Scania. In addition, high concentrations of mycelia of C. barbaricus/metarius, C. cupreorufus and C. sulfurinus were found also in a nearby and old formerly open quarry with calcareous sand, today an overgrown pine forest area. The present occurrence of many mycelia of several such species in the old quarry suggests a rather rapidcolonization following the establishment of a young pine forest. However, the source areas for the Cortinarius species that were originally established in Horna Fure is, with present knowledge, somewhat unclear and need further studies. The hotspots in Horna Fure form a southern outpost for red-listed Cortinarius species associated with calcareous coniferous forest in Sweden. Legal protection and suitable management of the habitats are important goals, since the area is under threat foremost from land exploitation and economic forestry.
