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This study compares the problem-focused emotion regulation strategies used by 200 female survivors of intimate partner violence (age: M = 40.16, SD = 11.27, 18-66 years) to cope with violence throughout various stages of change (SOC). It examines the relationship between problem-focused coping strategies and positive and negative affect, and the im...
Citations
... (70) La búsqueda de apoyo se asociada con estrategias de afrontamiento activas, las cuales se centran en acciones que pretenden cambiar la situación (150) relacionadas con mejores niveles de salud mental; (218) mientras que las estrategias pasivas, caracterizadas por acciones dirigidas a disminuir emociones negativas suelen generar mayor vulnerabilidad y revictimización a largo plazo. (219) Y por último la resiliencia, entendida como un proceso que mejora la respuesta ante eventos adversos, fue analizada como un factor protector. (60) Respecto a las consecuencias físicas; las investigaciones mostraron que mujeres que experimentan VPI visitan con mayor frecuencia centros de salud, presentan más hematomas, (34) peores resultados en la salud física, (66) como también fracturas; (149) resultados similares a los encontrados en otros estudios. ...
Introducción: la violencia de pareja íntima contra la mujer es un problema de salud pública. Actualmente, existe un número importante de investigaciones sobre esta problemática. Objetivo: describir aspectos metodológicos, tipologías y variables estudiadas en investigaciones empíricas sobre violencia de pareja íntima contra la mujer. Método: se realizó una revisión sistemática, con búsquedaen WOS, Scopus y SciELo de publicaciones entre 2015 y 2019. De 762 artículos identificados, 178 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión.Resultados: el diseño más utilizado fue el transversal, con análisis cuantitativo correlacional (73%); con muestras entre 100 y 500 participantes (31%) y principalmente desarrollados en Norteamérica (43%). Respecto a las variables, se estudian características individuales de la mujer, consecuencias físicas y mentales de la VPI, características de la relación de pareja y variables sociales que pueden incidir en VPI. la VPI fue caracterizada como Psicológica, física y sexual, con una nueva tipología denominada control coercitivo. Conclusiones: el uso de diseños transversales es comprensible por las implicancias éticos requeridos para esta población; las variables incluidas, incluyen un amplio espectro, tanto de posibles factores de riesgo como consecuencias de la violencia. El control coercitivo constituye un nuevo aspecto comprensivo hacia VPI.
... Few studies reported similar findings which revealed that silence helps them to know what situations and circumstances to avoid. [45] employing a problem-focused approach, [46] engaging in assertive communication, [47] preparing safety plans, [48] striving for financial independence, [49] utilizing emotional-focused techniques, [31] relying on religious/spiritual strategies, [50] practising relaxation techniques, [51] employing social coping mechanisms, [7] seeking assistance from others, [52] supporting the husband's treatment, and accessing peer support groups. [53] Implication for Social work practice with survivors of IPV Identifying and assessing intimate partner violence ...
Background
Worldwide, intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem. Most of the wives of persons with alcohol dependence (PwAD) experience IPV in their lifetime. The study examined lived experiences of IPV among wives of PwAD.
Methods
Qualitative research study design was used. Twenty participants were recruited using the consecutive sampling method. The researcher used an in-depth interview guide to collect the data. ATLAS.ti.9 software was used to analyse the qualitative data. Thematic analysis was used for coding and emerging themes. The thematic analysis yielded four themes generated from the in-depth interview: (1) reasons for the IPV, (2) help-seeking, (3) barriers in help-seeking and (4) coping with IPV.
Conclusion
Survivors of IPV do not seek help due to self-stigma, unavailable resources, and lack of awareness about treatment for alcohol dependence. Clinicians should routinely screen for IPV among female spouses of persons with alcohol-dependent syndrome and provide psychosocial interventions for the survivors of IPV.
... Recent studies in this field recognise that affect levels may fluctuate over time and across situations, meaning that victims' emotions may change during the separation process (Cabras et al., 2020;Puente-Martínez et al., 2022). For instance, Jordan et al. (2004) found that women who are in violent relationships exhibit lower levels of NA than those who have left abusive relationships. ...
... Indeed, this author suggests that NA may increase the use of more action behaviours. Also, victims of IPVAW may tend to confront violence more frequently when experiencing high-intensity NA than when positive affect (PA) predominates (Puente-Martínez et al., 2022). As a result, it is still unknown what role PA and NA play in the decision to leave a violent relationship (Enander, 2011). ...
... Emotion regulating refers to the overall process by which victims of IPVAW modify their emotional subjective experience, physiological response, verbal and nonverbal expression, and displayed behaviours based on their frequency, form, length, and intensity (Gross, 2015;Puente-Martínez et al., 2022). Victims' cognitive and behavioural attempts to manage certain external and internal pressures that are judged to be challenging or surpassing their capacity are referred to as coping (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). ...
Intimate partner violence against women is a pervasive and significant problem around the world that causes victims to suffer grave mental and physical health issues. The Stages of Change or SOC model has been used in recent study to examine the stage of change in female victims as a potential predictor of their readiness to end their relationship. This study's objective was to analyse emotion-focused coping strategies used by female victims to deal with emotions arising from trauma, violence or abuse, according to the SOC model. The sample comprised 200 victims of gender violence who had received formal assistance in Spain. The standardised test was administered in face–to-face interviews. According to the women's SOC, the findings showed differences in the use of emotion-focused coping strategies and indicated that emotion regulation efforts were greater in the early SOC- especially in precontemplation and action—of the continuum towards action. Emotion-focused coping strategies were activated to regulate either positive or negative emotions, again in accordance with participants’ stage of change, with negative affectivity predominating in the early stages (precontemplation and contemplation), and positive affectivity having a greater presence in the later ones (action and maintenance). A series of mediation analyses demonstrated that although negative emotions immobilise female victims in the precontemplation stage, they also facilitate effective coping in the action stage, thereby helping to reduce the emotional impact of violence.
... It explores the emotions, cognitions and behaviors that may influence readiness to change in victims of IPVAW. A recent study found that women´s appraisal or definition of her situation shapes her decisions around whether and from whom to seek help (Puente-Martínez et al., 2022). According to the SOC model, it is in the preparation/action stages that women often seek support from their formal and informal social networks since they need external support to carry out their planned change (Reisenhofer & Taft, 2013). ...
Purpose Intimate partner violence against women is a major source of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. In
this study, 131 testimonies of female victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) are examined to study the factors associated
with victims’ decision to seek social support (formal and informal).
Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with female victims of IPV in Spain. The IRaMuTeQ 7 software was
used to analyze the discourses. A total of 10,845 words with 1183 different forms were examined.
Results The analysis identified six clusters. Cluster 1 (18% of the total content) reflects the emotional component of aggression (fear of death). Cluster 2 (13.1%) describes psychological aggression (threatening), and Cluster 3 (17.2%) refers to the
use of power within relationships (control). Cluster 6 (13.8%) includes different types of physical aggression (hitting); and
Clusters 4 (21%) and 5 (16.9%) refer to formal (judging) and informal (friends) social support.
Conclusions Results indicated a strong association between emotions (e.g., fear of dying) and physical and psychological aggression. Non-fatal strangulation represented an extreme form of physical violence that was used to control women
increasing the risk of violence becoming lethal. Women tended to seek more support when the violence increased, and they
perceived a greater risk to their children. There was an association between suffering violence, power, control, and seeking
formal and informal social support. Results have significant implications to interrupt coercive control processes and to motivate help seeking behaviors in victims of IPV.
... Social or interpersonal resources, mainly assessed through the perceived social support of IPV victims, have also frequently been included among the predictors associated with revictimization in genderbased violence and in most studies they are given a mainly protective role (Goodman et al., 2005;Valentine et al., 2016;Ogbe et al., 2020;Ørke et al., 2020). Finally, with respect to emotional resources, there is a line of research which has focused on exploring the victims' use of both emotional regulation and coping strategies in the face of stress to mitigate the consequences of IPV (Crowe and Murray, 2015;Puente-Martinez et al., 2021). Even so, the evidence that has analyzed emotional regulation and coping processes in the population of IPV victims is scarce and heterogeneous when compared with the high number of studies conducted to examine the role of material and interpersonal resources (Keeling et al., 2016;Orke et al., 2018). ...
... The second, on the contrary, refers to more passive coping strategies, it is negatively associated with healthy stress coping styles and usually includes avoidance strategies, negative self-focus or delusional thinking (Sandín and Chorot, 2003;Iverson et al., 2013). When transferred to the field of IPV, it has been recommended that women victims be trained in the use of "engagement" strategies which would provide them with a protective role against revictimization, while passive strategies would favor revictimization (Iverson et al., 2013;Puente-Martinez et al., 2021). ...
... In contrast to the previous approach, it is currently considered more appropriate to analyze each coping strategy separately, examining their functionality in a given context and population, rather than grouping them into watertight and general categories that underestimate the complexity of the reality experienced by women victims of IPV (Lewis et al., 2006;Sullivan et al., 2010;Puente-Martinez et al., 2021). A review on coping in female victims of domestic violence supports the use of an intraindividual approach in the study of coping because coping tends to vary as a function of the characteristics of the stressful situation (Waldrop and Resick, 2004). ...
The literature studying the characteristics associated with revictimization in Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is heterogeneous and inconclusive. The absence of studies on the role of the emotional variables of the victims and the failure to distinguish revictimization by the same or different aggressors are two of the main limitations in this area of research. The aim of this work was to study the relative contribution of the material, social, and emotional resources available to IPV victims in predicting revictimization by the same or different perpetrators. The sample consisted of 290 women registered in the city of Madrid who had filed at least one police report for intimate partner violence. The material resources of the victims were evaluated through their level of monthly income and employability status, the social resources through perceived social support, and the emotional resources through emotional regulation and coping strategies. Hierarchical multinomial logistic regression models were estimated to predict single-offender victimization (SRV), same-offender revictimization (VSRSA), and multiple-offender revictimization (VSRDA). The results revealed that: (1) differentiating between revictimization by the same and different aggressors improved the fit of the model by 50.8% compared to when only differentiating between victimized and revictimized women; (2) material resources had no significant weight in the prediction of any type of revictimization; (3) SRV women had more social support than VSRDA women (ExpB = 1.027; p < 0.011); (4), those victims who had made several reports to the authorities of violence by different aggressors (VSRDA), had worse emotional regulation than those victims who had made a single report to the authorities (VSRs; ExpB = 2.934; p < 0.026); and (5) VSRDA obtained the worst mental health indexes and they used more coping strategies based on positive reappraisal than the VSR women (ExpB = 0.863; p < 0.009) and those victims with several reports by the same aggressor (VSRSA; ExpB = 0.891; p < 0.028). These results show that being a victim of several episodes of intimate partner violence by different aggressors should be understood as a form of revictimization of great severity associated with worse emotional regulation and less social support.
This is a study on indicators related to marital dissatisfaction. The research was conducted by the psychology department of a reproductive health institution in Mexico City. The objective was to know the relation between marital satisfaction/dissatisfaction and gender roles, self-esteem, the types of coping strategies and the types of violence perceived from the partner. It was a nonexperimental, retrospective, cross-sectional study of two samples—one of women and one of men—classified by marital satisfaction or dissatisfaction. The nonprobability quota sampling included 208 participants: 104 women and 104 men. Comparisons, correlations and a discriminant analysis were made to identify the most significant variables. Women with marital dissatisfaction perceived blackmail, psychological violence and humiliation/devaluation from their partner; they preferably adopt a submissive gender role and use escape/avoidance as a coping strategy, and so do the men with marital dissatisfaction, who also perceived blackmail, control and psychological violence from their partner; they have low self-esteem, and they preferably adopt a submissive gender role. Isolating factors will allow for more specificity in terms of psychological care at health institutions as well as avoiding gender biases and preventing an increase of violence in couples.
Latar Belakang. Perempuan disabilitas menjadi kelompok rentan yang dapat mengalami kekerasan seksual akibat kondisi disabilitas dan ketidaksetaraan gender yang saling beririsan.Tujuan. Mengetahui perilaku pencarian bantuan oleh perempuan disabilitas penyintas kekerasan seksual dengan menggunakan model perilaku pencarian bantuan dari Liang tahun 2005, meliputi faktor individu, faktor interpersonal, faktor sosial budaya, pengenalan masalah, pengambilan keputusan untuk mencari bantuan, dan pemilihan sumber dukungan.Metode. Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus di Lembaga X Yogyakarta dengan total 7 informan.Hasil. Penyintas memiliki persepsi keliru bahwa kekerasan seksual adalah tindakan disertai pemukulan dan bukan pemaksaan. Semua penyintas awalnya diam karena budaya yang menganggap disabilitas adalah orang yang tidak pantas memperoleh bantuan. Sumber bantuan informal lebih dipilih oleh penyintas untuk menyelesaikan masalah dan hanya sebagian penyintas yang lanjut ke lembaga formal.Kesimpulan. Penyintas dengan pengetahuan baik mengenai kekerasan seksual, memperoleh dukungan keluarga, dan memiliki sedikit hambatan sosial budaya akan mendorong penyintas untuk mencari bantuan sampai ke lembaga formal. ABSTRACT Background. Women with disabilities are a vulnerable group who can experience sexual violence due to conditions of disability and intersecting gender inequality.Aim. Knowing the behavior of seeking help by women with disabilities who are survivors of sexual violence by using the help seeking behavior model from Liang year 2005 includes individual factors, interpersonal factors, socio-cultural factors, problem recognition, decision making to seek help, and selection of sources of support.Method. Qualitative research with a case study approach at Institution X Yogyakarta with a total of 7 informants.Result. Survivors have a false perception that sexual violence is an act of beating and not coercion. All the survivors were initially silent because of the culture that considers people with disabilities to be people who do not deserve help. Informal sources of assistance are preferred by survivors to solve problems and only some survivors continue to formal institutions.Conclusion. Survivors with good knowledge about sexual violence, have family support, and have few socio-cultural barriers will encourage survivors to seek help to formal institutions
