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Spirituality plays an important role in coping with chronic diseases for patients and they often report unmet spiritual and existential needs, which should be considered for a holistic view of their health. Studying spiritual needs in this generation requires culturally appropriate and valid instruments. The aim of this study is to determ...
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... fourth factor dealt with the need for inner peace (6, 7, and 8) and the fifth factor was associated with emotional needs (2, 5, and 13). Further information about the factor structure is shown in Table 2. Table 3 shows the correlation between SpNQ-PV and FACIT-Sp, which was used to assess the convergent validity. The SpNQ-PV scores demonstrated a significant and small-to- moderate level of correlation with the FACIT-Sp scores (r = 0.21-0.50, ...
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Citations
... This factor includes having an active or automatic intention to comfort others, transferring life experiences to others, and ensuring that your life has been meaningful and valuable [27]. ...
Background and Aim: Coronary artery disease is recognized as a major cause of mortality and an important health priority worldwide. The patient's adherence to the treatment regimen is one of the important factors in disease control. Many patients do not adhere to the treatment and ignore the physician's instructions. Spiritual needs can affect adherence to a patient's treatment. This study was conducted to determine the spiritual needs and their relationship with adherence to refill and medication in patients with coronary artery disease. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 in Qom, Iran. In this study, 100 patients with coronary artery disease hospitalized in Qom educational hospitals were selected by convenience sampling method. The required information was collected via interview using four questionnaires of demographic characteristics, spiritual needs questionnaire, hospital anxiety and depression scale, and adherence to treatment regimen questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results: The Mean±SD spiritual needs in the elderly was 44.65±12.18 and 30% of patients had adherence to refill the average. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that two variables of depression (P=0.012; β=-0.37) and active/productive forgiveness (P=0.007; β=0.41) were significantly associated with adherence to the treatment regimen among the variables included in the model. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that spiritual needs have a significant relationship with adherence to refill. Also, depression is an important predictor of adherence to refill and healthcare providers need to pay attention to the role of these factors in improving adherence to patients› treatment regimens.
... So far, the SpNQ has been translated, validated, and used in different languages and countries [33]. Moeini et al. (2018) conducted a research study in which they translated and performed a psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire among a sample of elderly individuals with chronic diseases. However, a small sample size [100] of elderly people with chronic diseases may affect the structure of the questionnaire and also restrict the generalizability of the study [34]. ...
... Moeini et al. (2018) conducted a research study in which they translated and performed a psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire among a sample of elderly individuals with chronic diseases. However, a small sample size [100] of elderly people with chronic diseases may affect the structure of the questionnaire and also restrict the generalizability of the study [34]. In the studies of Hatamipour et al. (2017) and Nejat et al. (2016), the psychometric properties of the SPNQ for cancer patients in Iran were assessed [35,36]. ...
... The majority of these questionnaires have not been developed for the patients [41][42][43][44][45]. However, there are only a few validated questionnaires in Iran to assess the patients' spiritual needs [34,36,47]. The majority of existing tools in the area of spiritual needs assessment have been designed and validated for a specific group of patients with cancer, severe or lifethreatening illnesses, or people at the end of their life in a variety of societies. ...
Background:
The evaluation of spiritual requirements in patients can facilitate the delivery of spiritual care as an essential element of holistic healthcare. The objective of this research was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire on patients' spiritual needs in medical-surgical hospital settings.
Methods:
This research utilized an exploratory sequential design, involving the creation of a pool of items through both inductive and deductive methods. The questionnaire's psychometric properties were then assessed using various techniques, such as face and content validity, item analysis, construct validity, internal consistency, stability, confirmatory factor analysis, and the Gradual Response Model of Samejima. The data analysis was conducted using MPLUS software, version 5.1.
Results:
The study's results showed that a four-factor structure (interpersonal connectedness, relationship with God, transcendence, and peaceful environment) with 43 items was successfully extracted through exploratory factor analysis. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the findings of the exploratory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the scale and factors ranged between 0.83 and 0.95. Furthermore, the interclass correlation coefficients for the scale and factors were between 0.89 and 0.96.
Conclusions:
The questionnaire designed in this study is a reliable and valid instrument that can be utilized by healthcare, educational, and research institutions to evaluate the spiritual needs of patients in medical-surgical hospital settings.
... The fulfillment of the patient's spiritual needs can have a large impact on the quality of life of patients with cancer; consequently, it is particularly important to explore and assess these needs. [29] The findings of a study conducted by Khodaverdi et al. [30] indicated that spiritual needs played a major role during the different stages of cancer and in dealing with this disease. According to the results of a study conducted by Xie et al., the uncertainty of life events established the spiritual needs prevailing in every ill individual. ...
Introduction:
Addressing the spiritual needs of patients is an essential component of holistic care in nursing. Acknowledging the spiritual needs of cancer patients enhances the performance of clinical caregivers in providing quality services to such patients. Therefore, caregivers successfully fulfill or decrease the patients' needs and thus increase their adaptation to crises.
Methods:
The present cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the spiritual needs of cancer patients. In this study, 96 cancer patients were selected from Ayatollah Khansari Hospital in Arak, Iran. The required data were collected through a demographic information form and the Persian version of the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire.
Ethical considerations:
Participants' verbal consent to participate in the study was obtained, and they were assured of anonymity and confidentiality.
Results:
In the present study, the mean age of the participants was 47.82 ± 14.34 years. The frequency distribution of respondents by gender was 36 males (37.5%) and 60 females (62.5%). The mean scores of spiritual needs in the domains of religious needs, need for inner peace, existential needs, and need for giving/generativity were 12.03 ± 3.18, 7.26 ± 3.26, 4.61 ± 2.96, and 4.06 ± 2.32, respectively. The highest and lowest mean values were associated with religious needs and need for giving/generativity, respectively. Religious needs showed a significantly positive relationship with gender, occupation, and the type of treatment (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significant relationship was observed between the need for peace and level of education (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
The recognition of the spiritual needs of cancer patients is the first step in prioritizing and planning to provide spiritual care to these patients and supporting them in adapting to and coping with the disease. Therefore, nurses need to acquire the fundamental knowledge and skills required to identify these needs.
... The fulfillment of the patient's spiritual needs can have a large impact on the quality of life of patients with cancer; consequently, it is particularly important to explore and assess these needs. [29] The findings of a study conducted by Khodaverdi et al. [30] indicated that spiritual needs played a major role during the different stages of cancer and in dealing with this disease. According to the results of a study conducted by Xie et al., the uncertainty of life events established the spiritual needs prevailing in every ill individual. ...
Background:
Introduction: Patients with cancer as a life-threatening illness have needs in various dimensions. One of the most crucial dimension is spiritually. The present study was conducted to elucidate the spiritual needs of patients with cancer.
Methods:
A qualitative approach involving face to face semi-structured interviews conducted in Arak city, Iran. In total, 24 participants were recruited through purposive sampling. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using content analysis.
Results:
Patients' experiences of spirituality were classified into four themes, including spiritual needs (need to be in nature, need to communicate with others, need to perform religious practices, need for solitude and reflections, need to trust and security), strategies to address spiritual needs (physical activity, achieving inner peace, communication with the nurse or physician, doing dhikr (Zikr) and pray, reading the religious book and texts, making vows, paying attention to and loving others), reasons for not using spiritual resources (lack of belief in the healing powers of praying, believing in a better life after death), and impacts of spiritual beliefs (hope of Life, belief in divine destiny, trusting in God's support, accepting the divine test).
Conclusion:
Exploring the experiences, perceptions, and spiritual needs of cancer patients is of great importance in providing spiritual care as one of the critical aspects of holistic care. Nurses should be educated for assessing spiritual needs of patients to provide spiritual care.
... Portuguese (de Abreu et al., 2021;Riklikiene et al., 2021), Brazilian Portuguese (Oliveira daSilva et al., 2020;Valente et al., 2018), Chinese(Büssing et al., 2013b;Zhao et al., 2019), Indonesian(Himawan et al., 2019;Nuraeni et al., 2015;Sastra et al., 2021), Iran/Farsi(Hatamipour et al., 2018;Moeini et al., 2018), Pakistanian(Kashif & Kanwal, 2018). Other translations are in use but not yet published (i.e., Italian, French, Spanish, Japanese and Korean). ...
To provide spiritual care, an assessment and documentation of patients´ spiritual struggles and/or their spiritual needs is required to initiate appropriate support planning processes. For that purpose, the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ) was developed in 2009 as an easy to apply standardized measure. The tool has so far been translated into numerous languages and is widely used as a valid and reliable instrument to assess a wide range of spiritual needs of patients with chronic diseases, elderly, adolescents, and healthy persons. Its four main factors address Religious needs , Existential needs , Inner Peace needs , and Giving/Generativity needs. Here, the main findings are summarized and discussed.
... Zum einen führt dies zu einer Überbetonung der nichtreligiösen Bedürfnisse, die aber auch in westlichen Zentren zu finden sind. Bei muslimischen Patienten sind die entsprechenden religiösen Bedürfnisse viel stärker ausgeprägt und haben für sie eine andere Bedeutung [27][28][29]. ...
Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Spiritual Care ist ein etablierter Bestandteil einer ganzheitlichen Betreuung in der Palliativmedizin. Stellen Religiosität und Spiritualität auch eine Ressource in früheren Phasen der Erkrankung von Kopf-Hals-Tumorpatienten (KHT) dar?
Material und Methode An der prospektiven Studie nahmen 113 KHT-Patienten (27 Frauen, 84 Männer, 2 divers) teil. Der Fragebogen erfasste die momentane Belastungssituation (NRS), Spiritualität als Ressource (SpREUK-15), spirituelle Bedürfnisse (SpNQ-20), Krankheitsinterpretationen (IIQ) sowie die Lebenszufriedenheit der Patienten (BMLSS-10, BMLSS-Support, WHO-5). 39 Patienten befanden sich aktuell in Therapie, 74 in Langzeitbetreuung.
Ergebnisse Nur 31/111 (28 %) Patienten empfinden sich als religiös und/oder spirituell, 72 % als weder religiös noch spirituell. 51/111 Teilnehmer erkennen in der Reflexion über ihre Erkrankung eine Teil-Ressource zur Bewältigung der Lebenssituation. An spirituellen Bedürfnissen beschreiben sie: religiöse 35/112, existenzielle 67/112, innerer Frieden 90/112, Generativität 84/112. Neben der eigenen Religiosität ist das Stadium der Erkrankung eine Einflussgröße auf spirituelle Bedürfnisse und Ressourcen. Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Tumoren neigen zu depressiven Verstimmungen (WHO-5 ≤ 50 %) und sind mit ihrer Lebens- und Unterstützungssituation tendenziell unzufrieden.
Schlussfolgerung 60–90 % der Kopf-Hals-Tumorpatienten haben spezifische spirituelle Bedürfnisse, die aber nicht immer erkannt werden. Moderne Konzepte integrativer Onkologie nehmen diese auf und stärken über diese Ressourcen die Lebensqualität und das Coping der Betroffenen.
... In each country, the scale for the measurement of spiritual needs in patients is developed according to the dominant culture of that country. In Iran, to assess the spiritual needs of patients, various researchers have developed or psychometrically evaluated different tools (Hatamipour et al. 2015b(Hatamipour et al. , 2018bForouzi et al. 2017, Zand andRafiei 2016;Javedanpour et al. 2017;Moeini et al. 2018;Nejat et al. 2016;Taheri-Kharameh and Moeini 2017). ...
... The findings by Hatamipour et al. (2018b) showed that a scale with 19 terms and the three subscales of needs for Peace and Active Giving (eight items), Religious needs (six items) and Existential needs (five items) is appropriate for these patients. Moeini et al. (2018) validated the SpNQ in a sample of patients with chronic pain diseases and found five factors (SpNQ-Persian Version): Religious needs, Existential needs, Forgiveness/Generativity needs, Inner peace needs and Emotional needs. ...
As one of the existential dimensions of human beings and an influential factor on health, spirituality is of great significance in care provision for cancer patients. This concept is rooted in patients’ beliefs regarding health and disease, due to the cultural and the historical background of Iranians, most of whom are Muslims. Cancer patients have various spiritual needs and seek different coping methods to deal with their disease. One of these coping methods is the spiritual coping approach. In order to study the concept of spirituality and the spiritual needs of these patients, many studies have been done in Iran, applying different methodologies, mostly qualitative ones. Since in order to address the spiritual needs of patients it is necessary to have a proper tool for assessing these needs, the Spiritual Needs Assessment Scale of Patients with Cancer was developed, and simultaneously, the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ) was validated among the population of Iranian cancer patients. This chapter discusses the spiritual needs of Iranian cancer patients, the process of development and the psychometric evaluation of these tools and their similarities and differences.
... To think about the past life, talk with someone about the meaning of life/suffering, reveal some aspects of life, and talk about the possibility of another life after death 4. Active forgiveness/productivity (α=0.82): To have an active or automatic intention to sympathize with others, transfer life experiences to others, and ensure that life has been meaningful and valuable (12) The validity and reliability of the Persian version of the questionnaire were confirmed by the researcher (13). The third questionnaire was the hospital anxiety and depression scale, which measures anxiety and depression in the patients. ...
Introduction here has been an increase in the number of elderly people in the world, especially in developed and developing countries owing to the advances in the health and control of communicable diseases. According to demographic surveys, it is shown that the world's population is aging, and this trend will be faster in the future. However, the proportion of the aging population in the world was 7% in 2006; this figure would be doubled by 2050 (equal to 15.6%) (1). In Iran, the population over 60 years of age in 2021 is
anticipated to account for more than 10% of the total population of the country and will be more than 20% of the population in 2050 (2). Elderly people are increasingly exposed to various illnesses. A high percentage of the elderly (86%) have at least a chronic disease. More than 70% of those older than 80 years of age and resident in the community have at least two chronic conditions. Nearly 40% of the elderly in the community experience some constraints related to chronic diseases (3). The nature of the disease and its long-term course
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: The evaluation and accurate recognition of all the needs and problems of patients, including spiritual needs, are inevitable to increase the quality of nursing care. This study aimed to evaluate the spiritual needs and their association with anxiety and depression in the elderly with chronic diseases.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 100 patients with chronic diseases above 60 years of age. The subjects were selected through convenience sampling in the two hospitals of Qom, Iran, in 2017. Data collection tools were demographic characteristics questionnaire, as well as the questionnaire of spiritual needs and hospital anxiety and depression scale.
Results: In this study, the mean age of the subjects was 65.4±5.2 years. All the patients were reported with at least a spiritual need. The highest score related to the item of "requesting help from God" was 2.31±0.76, whereas the lowest score related to the item of "talking with others about the life after death" was 0.66±0.98. The results of regression analysis demonstrated that among the variables entered into the univariate model, the two variables of depression and disease duration had a significant relation with spiritual needs.
Conclusion: Unmet spiritual needs were reported high in the elderly with chronic diseases, and depression, as well as disease duration, were the effective factors in the spiritual needs of the elderly with chronic diseases. Therefore, the spiritual needs of patients with chronic diseases should be considered in clinical care in order to identify potential therapeutic ways to support and stabilize their emotional state.
Keywords: Anxiety, Chronic Disease, Depression, Older People, Spiritual Needs.
... Finally, SpNQ is intended to collect the information on patient's spiritual concerns while also being simple in language and content, to start communication with patients about their spirituality and their unmet needs and thus enabling to develop spiritual care plan to address their unmet needs. The SpNQ was translated and validated in the different languages and used in the following countries: Germany [6,27,33,34], Portugal [35], Poland [36], China [37], Croatia [38], Pakistan [39], Brazil [35], Indonesia [40,41], Iran [42,43], etc. Such wide application of the tool, apart from in Anglo-Saxon countries, is usually promising for successful instrument validation in different culture and language. ...
Background and Objectives: The aim was to translate and validate the spiritual needs questionnaire for its use in the Lithuanian context. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was applied. Structural individual interview method (face-to-face) was employed to collect data on spiritual needs of cancer patients. Responses were obtained from 247 patients hospitalized in nursing and supportive treatment units at public hospitals. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics) version 22.0. To assess the psychometric properties of the scale, Cronbach’s alpha, split half test, average inter-item, and item-total correlations were calculated for internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis was used to confirm the construct validity of the translated version of instrument. Results: Lithuanian version of The Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (27 items) had a good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.94). The existential and connectedness with family needs factor had the lowest Cronbach’s alpha (0.71) in relation to other factors: Religious needs (0.93), giving/generativity and forgiveness needs (0.88), and inner peace needs (0.74). Split-half test showed strong relationship between the both halves of the test. The item difficulty (1.47 (mean value)/3) was 0.49; while all values were in acceptable range from 0.20 to 0.80. Item-total correlations were inspected for the items in each of the four SpNQ-27 factors. Conclusions: The Lithuanian version of Spiritual needs questionnaire demonstrated adequate psychometric properties of the instrument. This instrument, as a screening tool and conversational model, is recommended for clinicians in health care practice to identify patients with spiritual needs.
... Finally, SpNQ is intended to collect the information on patient's spiritual concerns while also being simple in language and content, to start communication with patients about their spirituality and their unmet needs and thus enabling to develop spiritual care plan to address their unmet needs. The SpNQ was translated and validated in the different languages and used in the following countries: Germany [6,27,33,34], Portugal [35], Poland [36], China [37], Croatia [38], Pakistan [39], Brazil [35], Indonesia [40,41], Iran [42,43], etc. Such wide application of the tool, apart from in Anglo-Saxon countries, is usually promising for successful instrument validation in different culture and language. ...
Purpose:
The study addresses the spiritual dimension of care of non-terminally ill cancer patients by measuring their spiritual needs in association with indicators of quality of life (i.e., happiness, satisfaction with life, pain intensity, functional capacity) and personal and illness characteristics.
Method:
A descriptive, cross-sectional survey included 227 patients with cancer. All patients that underwent treatment at a nursing and supportive treatment unit were interviewed face-to-face between January and November 2018. Regression models were used to control for gender, education, religiosity, pain intensity, functional capacity, life satisfaction and happiness.
Results:
The non-terminally ill cancer patients experienced the exceptional importance of Inner Peace and Giving/Generativity and Forgiveness, while Religious and Existential needs were scored marginally lower, but nevertheless much higher as compared to patients with cancer from West-Europe. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive and in one case moderate interconnections among each of four spiritual needs, with the strongest association between Existential needs and the other three domains. Unmet Religious needs were positively associated with pain intensity and reduced physical capacity of patients, but less with life satisfaction. Pain intensity was the strongest predictor of cancer patients' Existential, Inner Peace and Giving/Generativity and Forgiveness needs.
Conclusion:
This study provides the first empirical evidence about the spiritual needs of cancer patients' care in Lithuania. Findings will serve as the basis for specific strategies to enhance the holistic well-being of these patients. The insights into oncology patients' unmet spiritual needs may be relevant to other Eastern European and former Soviet Union countries with similar developmental histories.
