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To determine if exposure to dimethylisopropanolamine (DMIPA) and dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) in a label printing plant was associated with visual disturbances and/or ocular changes.
Questionnaires, eye examinations (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity at 2.5% and 1.25% contrast, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and pachymetry), and industrial hygiene monit...
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Citations
... Tertiary amines exhibit irritant action for skin and mucous membranes. Symptoms such as headache, nausea and fainting are associated with inhalation [8]. Recent studies indicate that the DMEA is directly absorbed through the respiratory tract and its excretion is carried out as dimethylethylamine N-oxide (DMEAO) and DMEA via the urine [9]. ...
Introduction: Glaucopsia is a rare disease that ensue with
blue/gray vision or blurring of vision as a result of amine
exhalation effect. It is known that the amine vapor forms
caused epithelial edema and microcysts formation under
the epithelium of the corneal surface. This mechanism is
reason of ocular effects. The symptoms of amine effect
start 30-90 minutes after exposure and within 4-6 hours and
it recovers without any treatment. Amine vapor does not
associate any chronic eye diseases.
Case presentation: We present a case of a 30-years-old
male patient who had blue vision for 1 hours and had been
sent by his occupational physician.
Conclusion: Glaucopsia is a rare disease that has been
diagnosed in emergency department. We also need to
consider environmental factors such as occupational
exposure in emergency care, especially with atypical
presentations.
... The sensing of low concentrations of chemical vapors and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is an important issue with a great interest in various applications. The volatile organic amines vapors are of particular interest since both aliphatic and aromatic amines can induce toxicological responses at low concentrations [23,24]. ...
... Amines vapors are of particular interest since low concentrations of both aliphatic and aromatic amines have toxicological effects. [26,27] In addition, alcohols such as methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol are volatile organic solvents that are commonly used in many workplaces, laboratories, medicine, food industry, and chemicals industry. The exposure to methyl alcohol vapor for a long time causes some diseases such as eyesight disturbance, nasal mucous membrane, conjunctiva inflammation, nerve disease, and even death. ...
A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) electrode coated with Chitosan (Cs) film was used as a sensor for some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as aliphatic amines and alcohols. A homogeneous smooth thin films of Cs coating on the QCM electrode was prepared by drop casting method. The frequency shifts (Delta f) of the QCM, due to adsorption of the VOCs under investigation, onto the Cs film were measured and were related to the analytes' concentrations. Calibration curves were obtained with linear relationships between the Delta f (Hz) and the analyte concentrations (mg L-1). The sensor showed good sensitivity, reproducibility, and reversibility. The influence of different temperatures on the vapor adsorption, of the VOCs onto the Cs film, was studied.
... Sensing low concentrations of chemical vapours and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an area of great interest in many various applications. Amines vapours are of particular interest since both aliphatic and aromatic amines can induce toxicological responses at low concentrations [1,2]. Biogenic amines are formed by the activity of bacterial amino acid decarboxylase during the degradation processes of proteins, which have a carcinogenic effect on human body and can be used to indicate bacterial contamination. ...
A new sensitive and on-line detection of primary aliphatic amines vapours will be established in this work. Based on polyaniline/emeraldine base (PANI/EB) film and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), sensor for amines vapours detection was fabricated. The frequency shifts (Δf) of the QCM were increased due to the vapour adsorption into the PANI/EB film. Δf were found to be linearly correlated with the concentrations of amines vapours in mgL−1. The sensor shows a good reproducibility and reversibility. The diffusion, the diffusion coefficient (D) and the adsorption kinetics of some aliphatic amines vapour into the PANI/EB film were determined and discussed. The D is dependent on the molecular radius of various amines molecules and the thickness of the polymer film thickness. The selectivity of the sensor is based on the differences in the values of the D and the adsorption kinetics of various amine vapours.
Background:
Nitrosatable drugs can be synthesized to N-nitroso compounds in human stomach. In a pregnant woman, N-nitroso compounds can be translocated to the fetus through the placenta. Maternal exposure of nitrosatable compounds during pregnancy has been associated with childhood brain tumors and leukemia. However, few studies have investigated an association between nitrosatable drug exposure during pregnancy and childhood cancer. We examined if maternal prescriptions of nitrosatable drugs received during pregnancy are associated with childhood cancer.
Methods:
A matched case-control study was conducted using Danish nationwide registry data from 1995 to 2016. Each childhood cancer case was matched with twenty-five controls. Maternal exposure of nitrosatable drugs during pregnancy was identified from the Danish National Prescription Register. A multivariable conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (adj.OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each childhood cancer type.
Results:
Maternal prescriptions of nitrosatable drugs positively associate with central nervous system tumors (adj.OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.04-1.51) and neuroblastoma (adj.OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.34-2.85) in offspring. We also observed a positive association between perinatal exposure of nitrosatable drugs and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (adj.OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.07-1.59), however, it appeared to be due to confounding by indication, i.e., maternal infections.
Conclusion:
Nitrosatable drug use during pregnancy potentially increased risk of central nervous system tumors and neuroblastoma. While a positive association between maternal prescriptions of nitrosatable drugs and acute lymphoblastic leukemia should be interpreted cautiously because of confounding by indication.
Purpose: We report two cases of corneal edema in patients who presented with bilateral blurry vision due to vaporized amines while working in a polyurethane processing plant. Case summary: A 28-year-old male presented with bilateral blurred vision. His work involved solidifying polyurethane liquid and he often found himself exposed to polyurethane heat and gas. On examination, the patient’s uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 20/40 (right) and 30/50 (left). A slit lamp examination revealed subepithelial microbullae in both eyes. The central corneal thickness (CCT) was also increased in both eyes, measuring 698 μm (right) and 672 μm (left). After prescribing 0.5% moxifloxacin and, 1% fluorometholone eye drops for 3 days in both eyes, the UCVA recovered to 20/40 (right) and 20/20 (left). The CCT decreased to 644 μm (right) and 651 μm (left), and the microbullae improved significantly in the left eye. The second patient was a 34-year-old female who presented with bilateral decreased visual acuity while at work. She worked in a factory that produced car seat filling. Her UCVA was 20/25 (right) and 20/20 (left). The CCT by specular microscopy was 537 μm (right) and 541 μm (left). On slit lamp examination, both eyes demonstrated bilateral central subepithelial edema. The patient did not attend any follow-up outpatient appointments after the initial presentation. Conclusions: Exposure to vaporized amines such as polyurethane may causereversible corneal toxicityeven without direct contact. Further consideration should be given to ocular safety and protection from amine compounds in the industrial field.
Chemical injury to the eye is an ophthalmic emergency that can be caused by a work-related accident or common household products. Uradil SZ261 G3Z-65 is a resin containing butyl gycol (2-butoxyethanol) and ethyl ethanol amine (2-dimethyaminoethanol). It is used in stoving enamels for interior and exterior use. The authors report a case of ocular surface injury with a highpressure industrial spray paint-Waterborne Stoving Gentian Blue containing Uradil.
Conclusion Glaucopsia, or “Blue Haze,” is a transient disturbance of vision resulting from exposure to the vapor of certain industrial
chemicals, notably amines that can be found in products such as spray-on polyurethane foams. Visual effects such as halos
around bright objects, blue-grey vision, and fogging of vision typically appear within a few hours of exposure and resolve
without permanent sequelae a few hours after removal of the exposure agent, although symptoms have been known to last up to
2–3 days. Effects are due to local corneal contamination leading to epithelial edema with associated microcysts that cause
forward light scattering. The changes in vision can predispose individuals to accidents at the workplace as well as while
driving. Measures to reduce or completely prevent ocular exposures to tertiary amines include wearing the proper personal
protective equipment, avoiding wearing contact lenses that can act as reservoirs for amines, limiting exposure times, and
keeping workplaces well ventilated to reduce vapor concentrations [17, 22].
