Fig 2 - uploaded by Frank A. Parrish
Content may be subject to copyright.
Corallium elatius branches cut into smaller, uniform shapes called bead blanks. Torre del Greco, May 2000, S.J. Torntore.
Similar publications
Citations
... Hemicorallium laauense, along with numerous other species of Coralliidae, has been heavily harvested throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago and into the Emperor Seamount Chain, for the jewelry and curio trades (Grigg 1976(Grigg , 1993(Grigg , 2002Parrish and Baco 2007;Parrish et al. 2009;Bruckner 2016), which has likely had a significant toll on the genetic diversity of these populations. The ability of the harvested populations to recover is not well known, as the connectivity between coral gardens within the Hawaiian Archipelago is not well defined. ...
The deep-sea precious red coral Hemicorallium laauense has long been overharvested in the North Pacific for the jewelry and curio trades. An understanding of the population structure and connectivity of these octocorals has been limited due to the difficulty of sampling and taxonomic challenges within the Family Coralliidae. We report on population genetics of 270 H. laauense individuals from 16 populations throughout the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) and the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) using nine microsatellite loci. Observed heterozygosity (0.69–0.85) was generally lower than expected heterozygosity (0.71–0.85) except for the population at Twin Banks. Moderate FIS values (0.01–0.20) were present in nearly half of the populations. Global G’ST (0.166) and pairwise values were moderate to high ( – 0.003 to 0.489). G’ST values also show moderate genetic structuring among populations within seamounts (0.12–0.22) for populations separated by as little as 3 km. DAPC indicated separation of the MHI from the NWHI, but two NWHI sites fall into the MHI clusters and samples from Ka’ena Point (an MHI site) appear to form their own cluster. Membership assignments showed moderate admixture between some locations, while three locations showed almost no admixture. Within-seamount admixture was surprisingly limited for populations on the same seamount. A pattern of isolation by distance, with exchange primarily among adjacent seamounts, was supported by MIGRATE results but not by Mantel tests. These results suggest a mixed pattern of connectivity, with some distant locations well connected and others more isolated. The inconsistent connectivity of these corals is likely amplified by their patchy distributions.
... The control of coral trade resulting from their listing in CITES Appendix II is, although useful in some respects, still not recommended due to the many socioeconomic considerations elaborated in [1] and for the unresolved technical problems [35,36]. Although not totally satisfactory [37], the current fisheries management schemes in Taiwan and Japan are useful but need strengthening in terms of enforcement. ...
The limited precious coral (Coralliidae) resources in the Northwestern Pacific have been managed by Taiwan with a comprehensive management plan, by Japan with a strengthened set of management measures, and by China through the listing of such coral as a Category I national treasures. However, continuous increases in coral consumption and coral prices have stimulated overexploitation and poaching of the resource, and hence have undermined the effectiveness of these management schemes. This article discusses the current precious corals supply chain and suggests that the rise of China in purchasing substantial amounts of coral products was the underlying cause for overexploitation and poaching. Several gaps in the management schemes are also identified and discussed. The article finally concludes that there is an urgent need for establishing a cross-disciplinary integrated conservation policy and a regional management platform consisting of the three participating states to address all the relevant social and ecological issues.
The systematics of Coralliidae has been revised based on molecular phylogenetic analysis and detailed morphological studies. This revision has also revealed the existence of new species. In order to fully accomplish this revision, five new species including Hemicorallium aurantiacum sp. nov., Pleurocorallium bonsaiarborum sp. nov., P. clavatum sp. nov., and P. norfolkicum sp. nov. from New Caledonia, and H. guttatum sp. nov. from the Hawaiian Archipelago are described by integrating the phylogenetic inference and morphological comparisons. Moreover, the type specimens of Corallium tortuosum, H. reginae, H. halmaheirense, P. porcellanum and P. kishinouyei as well as non-type specimens of C. stylasteroides are redescribed. The sclerites of H. reginae, H. halmaheirense, P. porcellanum and C. stylasteroides were first depicted by scanning electron microcopy. A thorough comparison between P. porcellanum and P. kishinouyei indicated that they should be regarded as one species and the former was adopted as the senior synonym. The two new species of Hemicorallium can be separated by morphological features based on the result of multiple factor analysis. A key is proposed for the identification of all existing species of Coralliidae.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7B772D08-E3D6-4585-AE78-E5A31BE32ECC
