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Coral fauna from Trudnyi Peninsula. Timorphyllum maichense Fomichev. Drawings (a)-(f) The successive ontogenetic stages, specimen 967/2873, Cape Popov, Chandalaz Formation, Parafusulina stricta Zone. Photographs (A)-(G) The transverse sections of the same specimen. The drawings correspond to the photograph of the specimen marked by the capital letter. (H)-(I) Timorphyllum maichense Fomichev, specimen 962/2873, Cape Popov, Parafusulina stricta Zone.
Source publication
Permian Rugosa of southern Primorye (Russian Far East) occur in a series of terranes
of different tectonic origin. The taxonomical composition of Guadalupian (Wordian–Capitanian)
rugose corals distributed in southern Primorye changed progressively in an ecological succession,
starting with primitive persistent cosmopolitan taxa (assemblage I). This...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... II includes Calophylloides gem- matus (Iljina), Pycnocoelia magna (Fomichev) emend. Iljina (1984), Ufimia densa (Hill), Uf. van- ganensis (Fomichev), Uf. voinovae (Fomichev) (Fig. 8), Ufimia columbina (Fomichev), Sochkineo- phyllum intabulatum (Fomichev 1953), S. densum (Fomichev 1953), Timorphyllum maichense (Fomi- chev) ( Figs 5 & 8), Verbeekiella ussurica Fomi- chev, Basleophyllum indicum Koker and others (Figs 1, 4 & 6). In addition to Ufimia columbina, which enables discussion on the similarity between assemblages of the Zhesi and Barabashevka for- mations and the lower part of the Chandalaz For- mation, Ufimia vanganensis (Fomichev) seems to be similar to Tachylasma znense Ding ( Ding et al. 1985). ...
Context 2
... Zone: Fig. 9) followed by a high value plateau. In the Iwato Formation, the high value plateau is correlated with the Yabeina Zone + Lepidolina Zone + barren interval ( Isozaki et al. 2007). The equivalent of the fauna of the barren interval, the stressed fauna developed at the end of the Capitanian, was reported from the Nakhodka section (Fig. 6) and some others (see earlier). The isotope composition shows about a 2‰ PDB drop and then a positive trend to 4‰ PDB up to the Guadalupian -Lopingian boundary. The maximum d 18 O value is documented for the Parafusulina Zone. The positive shift in d 18 O is characteristic of the onset of the 'stressed' fauna and can be interpreted as ...
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Citations
... The Capitanian Stage has long been reported in the Russian Far East (Kotlyar et al., 2007b). A widely distributed mixed fauna including ammonoids of the Timorites Zone and fusulines of the Parafusulina stricta Zone in the Monodiexodina-beds has been found in different terranes in the Russian Far East (Kotlyar et al., 2007a;Kossovaya and Kropatcheva, 2013). The best-exposed limestone of the Chandalaz Formation is observed at the Senkina Shapka section in the Partizanskaya River Basin, 40 km to the north of Nakhodka. ...
... Capitanian shallow marine carbonate sequences of continental shelf facies are exposed in NE Japan and Far East Russia; e.g., at the Iwaizaki and Senkina Shapka, Primorye. Despite their current positions at mid-latitudes, these sections were primarily deposited at relatively low latitudes along Greater South China (Figure 3), as evidenced by fossils of warm water-adapted Tethyan biota (Zakharov et al., 1992;Kawamura and Machiyama, 1995;Shen and Kawamura, 2001;Kossovaya and Kropatcheva, 2013;Tobita et al., 2018). Sr isotope records from both sections were reported by Kani et al. (2018). ...
The long-term trend in the Paleozoic seawater ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr was punctuated by a unique episode called the “Capitanian minimum” at the end of the Guadalupian (Permian; ca. 260 Ma). This article reviews the nature and timing of this major turning point in seawater Sr isotope composition (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, δ⁸⁸Sr) immediately before the Paleozoic-Mesozoic boundary (ca. 252 Ma). The lowest value of seawater ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.7068) in the Capitanian and the subsequent rapid increase at an unusually high rate likely originated from a significant change in continental flux with highly radiogenic Sr. The assembly of the supercontinent Pangea and its subsequent mantle plume-induced breakup were responsible for the overall secular change throughout the Phanerozoic; nonetheless, short-term fluctuations were superimposed by global climate changes. Regarding the unidirectional decrease in Sr isotope values during the early-middle Permian and the Capitanian minimum, the suppression of continental flux was driven by the assembly of Pangea and by climate change with glaciation. In contrast, the extremely rapid increase in Sr isotope values during the Lopingian-early Triassic was induced by global warming. The unique trend change in seawater Sr isotope signatures across the Guadalupian-Lopingian Boundary (GLB) needs to be explained in relation to the unusual climate change associated with a major extinction around the GLB.
... As to the faunal provincialism of the middle-late Paleozoic fossils of Japan, the similarity to the warm-water Tethyan faunas (Siluro-Devonian rugose corals, Permian bivalves, fusulines, and ammonoids), which are commonly found in South China and Australia, has been long emphasized (Ehiro, 1997;Kato, 1990;Kido & Sugiyama, 2011;Mannik et al., 2018;Nakazawa, 1991). It is noteworthy that some of the Permian fossils in Primorye (ammonoids, rugose corals) also contain warm-water Tethyan taxa (Kossovaya & Kropatcheva, 2013;Kotlyar et al., 2006;Zakharov & Ehiro, 2010) In contrast, however, a closer link of Permian brachiopods between Northeast Japan and the North China block was claimed mainly on the basis of the occurrence of a mixed fauna with Boreal elements in the Nagato-Renge belt in Southwest Japan and in the South Kitakami belt in Northeast Japan (Shi, 2006;Tazawa, 1991 (Tazawa, 1991). For explaining this contrast within Southwest Japan, Tazawa (1991) speculated large-scale strike-slip dislocation for more than 2 000 km within Southwest Japan; nonetheless, there is no solid geologic evidence for the claimed unrealistically large-scale dislocation (Isozaki et al., 2010). ...
en The current state of knowledge on the early Paleozoic evolution of Japan is reviewed. Although early Paleozoic Japan marked the foundation of long‐lasting subduction‐related orogenic growth throughout the Phanerozoic, details of this have not been fully revealed. Nevertheless, U‐Pb dating of zircons both in Paleozoic granitoids and sandstones is revealing several new aspects of early Paleozoic Japan. The timing of the major tectonic change, from a passive continental margin setting (Stage I) to an active one (Stage II), was constrained to the Cambrian by identifying the oldest arc granitoid, high‐P/T blueschist, and terrigenous clastics of arc‐related basins. Ages of recycled zircons in granitoids and sandstones provided critical information on the homeland of Japan, i.e. the continental margin along which proto‐Japan began to grow. The early Paleozoic continental margin that hosted the development of an arc‐trench system in proto‐Japan had cratonic basement composed mostly of Proterozoic crust with a minor Archean component. The predominant occurrence of Neoproterozoic zircons in Paleozoic rocks, as xenocrysts in arc granitoids and also as detrital grains in terrigenous clastics, indicates that the relevant continental block was a part of South China, probably forming a northeastern segment of Greater South China (GSC) together with the Khanka/Jiamsi/Bureya mega‐block in Far East Asia. GSC was probably twice as large as the present conterminous South China on mainland Asia. Paleozoic Japan formed a segment of a mature arc‐trench system along the Pacific side of GSC, where the N–S‐trending Pacific‐rim orogenic belt (Nipponides) developed with an almost perpendicular relationship with the E–W‐trending Central Asian orogenic belt. The faunal characteristics of the Permian marine fauna in Japan, both with the Tethyan and Boreal elements, can be better explained than before in good accordance with the relative position of GSC with respect to the North China block during the late Paleozoic.
Abstract
ja 未解明部分が多かった日本列島古生代形成史をレビューする. 近年, 日本における古生代火成岩類中の捕獲結晶ジルコンおよび砂岩中の砕屑性ジルコンのU‐Pb年代測定によって, 海洋プレート沈み込み開始がカンブリア紀であったこと, さらにその成長場が南中国地塊の縁辺であったことが確認された. 超大陸ロディニアから分裂した古生代南中国地塊は, 狭義の揚子江流域に加えて東シナ海、西南/東北日本そしてロシア沿海州/中国北東部の一部を含む巨大な地塊(Greater South China: GSC)をなしていた. GSCの太平洋側大陸縁には, 中央アジア造山帯Altaidsと大きく斜交して, 太平洋側からの沈み込みに伴う造山帯Nipponidesが成長した. 日本産古生代 (とくにペルム紀) 化石群集には温暖テチス型要素と寒冷ボレアル型要素が含まれるが, 両者は南北に3 000 km以上伸びたGSCの周辺の暖流・寒流系に支配されて共存した.
... The Permian strata of the Sergeevka belt comprise terrigenous clastics associated with shallow marine limestones of continental shelf facies (Belyaeva et al., 1997;Izosov, 2002). The fossiliferous (with fusulines, rugose corals, and brachiopods) shallow marine limestones occur within the Chandalaz Formation (Horizon), for which biostratigraphic zonation and correlation have been documented by Ueno et al. (2005), Kotlyar et al. (2006Kotlyar et al. ( , 2007, and Kossovaya and Kropatcheva (2013). ...
... That view changed several times up to a much older Kazanian age (Roadian-Wordian) (uSTriTSkiy 1971), but is now mostly back to Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian (Dzhulfian-Dorashamian) (Fig. 3). Sokolov (1960) pointed out some similarities with the coral faunas of the Basleo "Formation" (Timor Island, Capitanian), and of the Chandalaz Formation of South Primorye (Russian Far East, Wordian-Capitanian or Capitanian according to koTlyar et al. 2006, koSSovaya & kropaCheva 2013 both situated in the Palaeotethyan faunal realm, mostly without any connections to the Omolon Terrane during Guadalupian and Lopingian times. ...
The unique large-sized solitary Rugosa of the upper Khivachian Stage in the Omolon terrane are a Late Permian psychrosphaeric fauna, originally situated in the North of Pangea in northeastern marginal basins of Angarida (boreal realm at latitude of 70°N). Faunistic relations are only indicated by the predominating species Sochkineophyllum zavodovskyi Sokolov, 1959, which is redescribed and removed to the recently introduced monotypic neighbouring genus Fedorowskites CHWIEDUK, 2013 from the Svalbard Archipelago (north of Lopingian Pangea at 45-50°N). Its type species Fedorowskites spitsbergensis Chwieduk, 2013 (Wordian-Capitanian) and Sochkineophyllum turgidiseptatum (TIDTEN, 1972) (Roadian-Capitanian) are illustrated by new Svalbard collections. Fedorowskites survived at the late-Captanian global Kamura-Event. The poor present knowledge about further northern Lopingian corals includes only Greenland and the European Zechstein-Basin, but there is no one species in common with the Omolon Massif. A new morphological term lacunula interseptalis is proposed for nearly forgotten skeletal elements, already described by LUDWIG (1865) and KUNTH (1869). © 2018 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany.
... In South China, the Kamura event is reported from the uppermost Capitanian at the Penglaitan section (Wang, Cao & Wang, 2004;Chen et al. 2011). The Kamura event is also evident from Capitanian strata in southern Primorie, Russian Far East (Kossovaya & Kropatcheva, 2013), in which carbon isotopes show an increase from 1.2 to 4 ‰ PDB. Similar high positive δ 13 C values were reported from East Greenland (Scholle, Stemmerik & Ulmer, 1991), West Spitsbergen (Mii, Grossman & Yancey, 1997), in the Yıgılıtepe Formation at the Köserelik Tepe section, in the Adana Province of Turkey (Jost et al. 2014) and the Delaware basin in West Texas (Korte et al. 2005). ...
An integration of geochemical and grain association studies were carried out on Middle Permian deposits in central Iran where both cool and warm water carbonates are found. The recrystallization of most bioclasts, lime-mud matrix and ooids along with high Sr contents suggests a probable original aragonite mineralogy for carbonates of the Middle Permian Jamal Formation at the Shotori section. Low bulk carbonate δ ¹⁸ O values imply pervasive diagenetic alteration in this section. Conversely, Middle Permian deposits at the correlative Bagh-e Vang section have a probable calcite precursor supported by low Sr contents and no evidence of recrystallization. This mineralogical variation in these coeval carbonates is considered to be due to the change in depth and temperature of the depositional palaeoenvironment. δ ¹³ C values started to rise over 2 ‰ PDB and reached a maximum of 4.3 ‰ PDB at the Wordian–Capitanian boundary at the Bagh-e Vang section. This δ ¹³ C rise is attributed to high primary productivity as previously reported in the Capitanian Abadeh Formation in central Iran. The positive δ ¹³ C excursion in these sections is correlated with the Capitanian ‘Kamura event’ identified from the mid-Panthalassian sections in Japan. No noticeable positive excursion occurs in the δ ¹³ C plot at the Shotori section making the interpretation of palaeo-productivity difficult. It is suggested that an active oceanic upwelling was the probable driver of the Middle Permian oceanic productivity in central Iran. Remarkable negative δ ¹³ C excursions around 3.7 and 4.2 ‰ PDB in Capitanian carbonates close to the Guadalupian–Lopingian boundary at the Bagh-e Vang and Abadeh sections, respectively are recorded, which are a proxy for low palaeo-productivity and a transition from a cool to warm climate, consistent with an early Lopingian sea level rise.
... In fact, a number of recent developments suggest that the deposition of the Atkan Formation occurred during a global warm interval. These include: 1) the late Sakmarian (2012 time scale; Gradstein et al., 2012;Henderson et al., 2012) end of glaciation in South Polar Gondwana and the end of widespread glaciation across most of Gondwana (Isbell et al., 2008(Isbell et al., , 2013Henderson et al., 2012); 2) new age constraints on mid-latitude glaciation in eastern Australia, which places the P3 and P4 glaciations of Fielding et al. (2008aFielding et al. ( , 2008b as Roadian-Wordian and Wuchiapingian respectively and that much of the Capitanian was a non-glacial interval (Frank et al., 2015;Metcalfe et al., 2015); 3) a warming interval during the Capitanian suggested by Waterhouse andShi's (2010, 2013) estimated brachiopod and bivalve species diversity chart; 4) the occurrence in the Transantarctic Mountains (located within a few degrees of the South Pole) of thick coal seams, fossil forest, and structurally preserved fossil wood that shows no evidence of frost damaged cells during the Middle and Late Permian, which suggest temperate climatic conditions and an absence of ice sheets in Polar Gondwana (Antarctica; Taylor et al., 1992;Isbell and Cuneo, 1996;Isbell et al., 1997Isbell et al., , 2008Isbell et al., , 2012Isbell, 2010;Gulbranson et al., 2012Gulbranson et al., , 2014Miller et al., 2015); 5) increased diversification and the migration of fusulinids and corals (including massive colonial rugose corals) into temperate North American shelves from the early to late Capitanian (Davydov, 2014;Kossovaya and Kropatcheva, 2013); and 6) isotopic data from low, middle and high latitudes that suggest a warming trend during the Capitanian (Korte et al., 2008;Chen et al., 2013). ...
Despite a lack of detailed sedimentologic analyses, diamictites in the Middle Permian Atkan Formation were previously interpreted as glaciomarine and glacially-influenced marine deposits. This interpretation allowed this unit to play a prominent role in paleoclimatic and biogeographical reconstructions associated with presumed bipolar glaciation during the late Paleozoic ice age (LPIA). In this sense, the LPIA is considered to be a close analog to bipolar glaciation and climate change during the Cenozoic. Here, results are presented that challenge the glacigenic interpretation for these strata and negate interpretations of the bipolar nature of the LPIA. The 400 to 1500-m-thick Atkan Formation was deposited in back-arc basins associated with activity of the Okhotsk–Taigonos volcanic arc along the leading edge of Pangea as it drifted across the North Polar Circle. The occurrence of tuffs, volcanic clasts, and glass shards indicate derivation from a nearby arc. Cooling and solidification of some clasts during sedimentation is suggested by the occurrence of clasts with embayments and protrusions that extend into the surrounding matrix, clasts with columnar-like jointing, and alteration of the matrix surrounding some clasts. CA-TIMS dating of tuff zircons indicate a late Capitanian age, which is consistent with fossils within the strata. Bedded diamictites deposited as debrites dominate. These diamictites, which occur as tens of m thick downlapping packages that thicken then thin upward, were deposited as prograding and abandoning sediment gravity-flow fans. Chaotic and folded strata formed as slumps. Graded sandstones and conglomerates were deposited as turbidites, and mudstones were deposited as mudflows, low-density turbidites, and hemipelagic deposits. Striated clasts and outsize7d clasts piercing bedding were not observed in the study area. Strata above and below the Atkan Formation contain abundant graded beds and deep-water trace fossils indicating deposition as turbidites. The combination of debrites, turbidites, slumps, volcanic grains (clasts, glass, and tuffs), and an absence of glacigenic indicators suggest that Atkan strata were deposited in deep-water basins associated with the development of the volcanic arc rather than due to glacial activity. These findings are significant as they require reconsideration of current views of LPIA glaciation and suggest that ice sheets were limited to Gondwana.
... Recently, the Kamura event has been recognized in the Chandalaz regional stage in southern Primorie, Russian Far East (Kossovaya and Kropatcheva, 2013) and is correlative to the Capitanian of the International Time Scale. The δ 13 C carbonate isotopic signature within the limestone succession of the Chandalaz Formation interpreted as the evidence of the Kamura cooling event. ...
... Similar to the fusulinids, the rugosa corals in southern Primorie in the lower Chandalaz Formation M. sutchanica-M. dutkevitchi fusulinid zone, are represented by the solitary form only and their diversity there is low (Kossovaya and Kropatcheva, 2013). Solitary corals appear in a wide range of the climatic environments from temperate to very warm, whereas massive colonial corals exist only in predominantly warm climate (Fedorowski et al., 2007;Kossovaya and Kropatcheva, 2013). ...
... dutkevitchi fusulinid zone, are represented by the solitary form only and their diversity there is low (Kossovaya and Kropatcheva, 2013). Solitary corals appear in a wide range of the climatic environments from temperate to very warm, whereas massive colonial corals exist only in predominantly warm climate (Fedorowski et al., 2007;Kossovaya and Kropatcheva, 2013). A dramatic increase in coral diversity occurs in the P. stricta fusulinid zone. ...
The Atkan Formation in the Ayan-Yuryakh anticlinorium, Magadan province, northeastern Russia, is of great interest because of the occurrence of deposits of apparent "dropstones" and "ice rafted debris" that have been previously interpreted as glacial. Two high-precision U-Pb zircon ages, one for an intercalated volcanic tuff (262.5. ±. 0.2. Ma) and the other for a boulder clast (269.8. ±. 0.1. Ma) within a diamictite of the Atkan Formation, constrain the age of the Atkan Formation as Guadalupian (middle Permian). Sedimentologic study of the Atkan Formation casts doubt on the glacial nature of the diamictites. Deposition of rocks of the Atkan Formation temporally correlates with the Capitanian interglacial event in the southern hemisphere that recently was calibrated with high precision CA-TIMS. The previously proposed climate proxy record based upon warm-water foraminifera, which corresponds closely to global climate fluctuations, is compared with the glacial record of eastern Australia and indicates that the Capitanian was a time of globally warm climate. The sedimentology of Atkan Formation, the record of diversification of both fusulinids and rugosa corals, global sea-water temperature, and sea-level fluctuations agree well with high latitude paleoclimate records in northeastern Russia and eastern Australia. Major components of the Atkan Formation, the volcanic rocks, are syngenetic with the sedimentation process. The volcanic activity in the nearby regions during middle-late Permian was quite extensive.
... High d 13 C values in the early Capitanian have been interpreted as evidence for a cold climatic episode that drove the Capitanian crisis. Support for this idea came from the observation that only warm-water taxa such as fusulinacean foraminifers were affected (e.g., Isozaki et al., 2007;Kossovaya and Kropatcheva, 2013). However, our discovery of extinction amongst Boreal brachiopods suggests that cold adaptation was of no benefit. ...
The controversial Capitanian (Middle Permian, 262 Ma) extinction event is only known from equatorial latitudes, and consequently its global extent is poorly resolved. We demonstrate that there were two, severe extinctions amongst brachiopods in northern Boreal latitudes (Spitsbergen) in the Middle to Late Permian, separated by a recovery phase. New age dating of the Spitsbergen strata (belonging to the Kapp Starostin Formation), using strontium isotopes and d 13 C trends and comparison with better-dated sections in Greenland, suggests that the fi rst crisis occurred in the Capitanian. This age assignment indicates that this Middle Perm-ian extinction is manifested at higher latitudes. Redox proxies (pyrite framboids and trace metals) show that the Boreal crisis coincided with an intensifi cation of oxygen depletion , implicating anoxia in the extinction scenario. The widespread and near-total loss of carbonates across the Boreal Realm also suggests a role for acidifi cation in the crisis. The recovery interval saw the appearance of new brachiopod and bivalve taxa alongside survivors, and an increased mollusk dominance , resulting in an assemblage reminiscent of younger Mesozoic assemblages. The subsequent end-Permian mass extinction terminated this Late Permian radiation.
... Two biotic events occurring at the Mid-Carboniferous and Sakmarian-Artinskian boundaries in South China are consistent with two major regressions, probably associated with climate change caused by the glaciations of Gondwana. Biotic crises and faunal evolution of the Early-Middle Permian of the Uralian range and Southern Primorye area are also the subject of papers by and Kossovaya & Kropatcheva (2013). ...
