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Coordination between the Politico-Bureaucratic System in China 

Coordination between the Politico-Bureaucratic System in China 

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В статье рассматриваются особенности становления и развития промышленности, связанной с добычей и переработкой редкоземельных металлов (РЗМ). Последние широко используются в современных высокотехнологичных устройствах и изделиях – начиная от смартфонов и заканчивая самыми современными высокотехнологичными комплексами и системами. Отличительная особ...

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... in the role of hi-tech materials such as rare earths for crafting strategies that further a country's development and geopolitical interests has been on the increase lately. This renewed interest has come about due to various actions taken by China to establish a dominant position in the global rare earths industry and to leverage this position to further its global interests (Mancheri et al 2013). Because of their unique position in the periodic table, rare earth elements have many desirable properties that fi nd use in a variety of high technology applications. ...
... While China went ahead in building a strong domestic rare earths ecosystem, India has been primarily a supplier of rare earth raw materials and some basic rare earth compounds. The story of how China has established a near global monopoly over rare earth raw materials and almost all intermediate rare earth products has been recounted in detail elsewhere (Mancheri et al 2013). Chinese behaviour in using their monopoly position in the rare earths ecosystem as a component of its geopolitical strategy is also becoming increasingly self-evident. ...
... An overview of the evolution of the global rare earths industry that links the various technology breakthroughs for product development with the evolution of an industrial ecosystem is provided in Figure 1(p 28). This diagram is based on our study of the various technological breakthroughs as well as the intermediate and fi nal products that resulted from them (Mancheri et al 2013). Figure 2shows the relative positions of China and the US in the early 1990s, when the global rare earths industry was in the early stages of reaching maturity. ...
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The creation of knowledge in the rare earths domain in India is confined to a few government-run complexes with no major links to commercial industry. With interaction between the research community and industry non-existent, India's position as a player in the global rare earths ecosystem is bound to be weak. Further, in the absence of a cohesive national strategy for moving the country up the value chain in rare earths into the intermediate and final product space, India continues to be a low-cost raw material supplier to the global rare earths industry.
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We reported the possibilities of controlling the critical rare metals crisis existed for several years. Currently, critical rare metals are highly demanded and growing fast in greentechnologies. Recycling of mineral waste sources for the recovery of critical rare metals are one of the alternative resources for this critical rare metals crisis. Various mineral waste sources such as mine residues and coal ash are rich sources of rare earth elements. This study sought to identify the information needed to determine whether there might be a potential for commercial extraction of the rare earth elements (Nd, Dy) from coal power plants ash. The aim of this study was to recovery and characterize the light rare earth metals from Korean coal power plants ash and simultaneous utilization of CO2. Accelerated carbonation was a more suitable process for CO2 capture and simultaneous utilization of this CO2 for the manufacturing of “green cement” (Calcium Sulfo Aluminate) from coal power plants ash.