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Carrier aggregation is one of the key features to increase the data rate given a scarce bandwidth spectrum. This paper describes the design of a high performance receiver suitable for carrier aggregation in LTE-Advanced and future 5 G standards. The proposed architecture is versatile to support legacy mode (single carrier), inter-band carrier aggre...
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... to that, in this section, we delve into the architectural issues and concerns to enable a high-performance receiver with large dynamic range. Figure 3 shows the conventional zero-IF receiver architecture with architectural implications. Low-noise amplifier (LNA) is the cascade of V-I (g m ) and I-V (load) conversion, and Mixer requires separate trans-conductance (g m ) to drive the passive switching mixer. ...
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Implementation cost and power consumption are two important considerations in modern wireless communications, particularly in large-scale multi-antenna systems where the number of individual radio-frequency (RF) chains may be significantly larger than before. In this work, we propose to deploy a single low-noise amplifier (LNA) on the uplink multip...
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... The current RF transceiver front-end which consists of the narrow-band-pass filters, LNAs, PAs, SAW just to mention a few, is considered to be very bulky and highly complicated due to its support for multi-cellular standards of several frequency bands. This bulky architecture was adopted to satisfy end-user demand for capacity and bandwidth by employing sophisticated modulation schemes and communication techniques such as orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and carrier aggregation [1][2][3]. As technology continues to scale down, it has become necessary to integrate these components within a single chip to minimize the cost of RF front-end design and reduce overall system size. ...
... Another study [99] has proposed a novel design of the receiver for CA LTE-A and NR for the current 5G network. It has implemented the cascade-shutoff low-noise transconductance amplifier method. ...
With an extensive growth in user demand for high throughput, large capacity, and low latency, the ongoing deployment of Fifth-Generation (5G) systems is continuously exposing the inherent limitations of the system, as compared with its original premises. Such limitations are encouraging researchers worldwide to focus on next-generation 6G wireless systems, which are expected to address the constraints. To meet the above demands, future radio network architecture should be effectively designed to utilize its maximum radio spectrum capacity. It must simultaneously utilize various new techniques and technologies, such as Carrier Aggregation (CA), Cognitive Radio (CR), and small cell-based Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet), high-spectrum access (mmWave), and Massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (M-MIMO), to achieve the desired results. However, the concurrent operations of these techniques in current 5G cellular networks create several spectrum management issues; thus, a comprehensive overview of these emerging technologies is presented in detail in this study. Then, the problems involved in the concurrent operations of various technologies for the spectrum management of the current 5G network are highlighted. The study aims to provide a detailed review of cooperative communication among all the techniques and potential problems associated with the spectrum management that has been addressed with the possible solutions proposed by the latest researches. Future research challenges are also discussed to highlight the necessary steps that can help achieve the desired objectives for designing 6G wireless networks.
... The high demand for large amount of data in wireless communication requires efficient methods that can improve both the data rate and capacity of communication channels. A front-end receiver that works in multiple bands by means of combining different channels either from the same or different bands which is termed as carrier aggregation (CA) [1] is highly desirable. A conventional LNA for inter-band CA receiver requires separate LNA in each receive path hence increase in chip size, cost of production, and power consumption. ...
This work presents a wideband low noise amplifier (LNA) suitable for LTE-Advanced and 5G communication standards with carrier-aggregation. The proposed LNA is comprised of a common input stage, dual output second stage with source follower based output buffer as the third stage. Resistive feedback technique is employed to achieve self-biasing, high gain as well as low NF. Power up/down circuits control the mode of operation for inter-band and intra-band carrier aggregation in LTE-Advanced and 5G. The proposed LNA was designed in 45nm CMOS technology and achieved 22.5dB gain, 1.54dB maximum NF, 0.33GHz-to-6.4GHz bandwidth,-12.6dBm IIP3 and consumed 50mA current from 1.2V supply.
... Unlike the conventional single-input single-output (SISO) low-noise amplifier (LNA), the LNA used for carrier aggregation is required to produce an output for each of the incoming CC (figure 1). Several studies have been done [2,3,10] showing LNA configurations that can be used in CA applications. However, these studies failed to consider the importance of linearity in CA LNA design. ...
... If both CCs are processed by the LNA, it is in CA mode, otherwise, it is in legacy mode. In [10], the gain transistors, M m1 and M m2 , are both operating in sub-threshold region. This improved the current efficiency (g m /I D ) while maintaining optimum levels of noise performance. ...
... The proposed architecture will be using the same base configuration, but the gain transistors will be biased at saturation region to achieve even better CA LNA performance. Mode switching method used by the topology is done by disconnecting or connecting the cascode bias of a branch [10]. This changes the impedance level of the configuration, affecting its gain, noise performace and linearity. ...
