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As part of efforts to cope with climate change, countries around the world have decided to supply photovoltaic (PV) power. However, since the integration of PV affects the reliability and stability of a power system, increasing the penetration of PV generation requires better system flexibility. For this reason, many countries have recently establi...
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... Korea, 20-year fixed-price contracts are provided for REC transactions. Based on this, the specifications of PV and ESS to be applied to this study are set out in Table 2, and the specific contract conditions are summarized in Table 3. ...Context 2
... Korea, 20-year fixed-price contracts are provided for REC transactions. Based on this, the specifications of PV and ESS to be applied to this study are set out in Table 2, and the specific contract conditions are summarized in Table 3. ...Similar publications
The intention of this paper is to respond to the increase in electric power demand and global environmental issues in iron and steel plants. In particular, the authors studied the characteristics of the power flow from a distributed generation (DG) system connected to the electrical power system of a steel plant. In addition, the authors carried ou...
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... Their work underscores the necessity for South Korea to transition towards sustainable energy sources as a strategic economic imperative. Further studies, such as those by Nam et al. [2], Jo and Jang [3], Ha and Byrne [4], Ifaei et al. [5], Hong et al. [6], Ghezelbash et al. [7], and Yeo and Oh [8], explore the role of renewable energy in enhancing Korea's economic sustainability. These studies suggest that embracing renewable energy could mitigate the environmental downsides of traditional energy sources while supporting continued economic advancement. ...
This research delves into the effects of carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption on economic growth in Korea from 1980 to 2022, employing a sophisticated nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model. The study unveils pivotal findings, most notably the positive association between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth, suggesting that periods of economic expansion in Korea have been accompanied by surges in emissions. Furthermore, the investigation highlights a significant, albeit asymmetrical, positive impact of primary energy consumption on economic growth, illuminating the critical role of energy in the nation’s economic trajectory. The analysis also identifies essential economic determinants—namely, the labor force, gross fixed capital formation, and net inflows of foreign direct investment—underscoring their pivotal contributions to economic proliferation. The reliability of these insights is corroborated through advanced econometric techniques, including fully modified ordinary least squares and dynamic ordinary least squares methods. A noteworthy discovery emerges from the Toda–Yamamoto causality test, revealing bidirectional Granger causality between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth, as well as between energy consumption and economic growth. Moreover, it uncovers a unidirectional causality flowing from labor, capital formation, and foreign direct investment towards economic growth. These findings elucidate the complex interplay between environmental and economic elements, highlighting the critical need for sustainable energy policies and proactive environmental stewardship in Korea. By advocating for a synthesis of economic advancement and environmental sustainability, this study presents indispensable insights for policymakers. It calls for a judicious approach to balancing Korea’s economic ambitions with its ecological responsibilities, thereby charting a sustainable path forward for the nation. Through its comprehensive analysis, this research contributes valuable perspectives to the discourse on economic development and environmental sustainability, offering guidance for Korea’s strategic planning and policy formulation.
... Support policies and the adaptation of energy laws to national circumstances play an important role [61][62][63][64]. Many countries have implemented policies to disseminate energy storage systems (ESSs) [65]. According to Narodzonek [66], growth in the popularity of PV installations in Poland was fueled by the introduction of renewable energy auctions. ...
The objective of Poland’s energy policy is to guarantee energy security while enhancing economic competitiveness and energy efficiency, thus minimizing the power sector’s environmental impact and optimizing the use of energy resources in the country. Poland is not the only European country to rely on coal for power generation. Historical factors and large coal deposits act as natural barriers to increasing the share of renewable energy in the Polish power sector. Yet, today, environmental concerns and climate change are prompting many countries to move away from fossil fuels. Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy, are an alternative to traditional energy generated from fossil fuels. However, investors developing solar and wind farms in Poland encounter numerous problems at each stage of the project. These difficulties are associated mainly with the location, technical requirements, infrastructure and formal and legal documents. This study aimed to identify the key factors that influence the development of photovoltaic power stations in Poland, with special emphasis on the choice of location and technical aspects of the investment process. The demand for clean energy and the renewable energy prospects for Poland are discussed based on the example of solar farms. Sixty-seven prospective farm locations were analyzed, and the results of the analysis were used to identify the main barriers and opportunities for renewable energy development in Poland. The option of connecting solar farms to the existing power grid was also examined. This study demonstrates that the development of solar farms in Poland is inhibited mainly by technical barriers, in particular the lack of options for connecting farms to the power grid, as well as the absence of support mechanisms and dedicated legislative solutions, rather than environmental obstacles.
... Economic Electricity consumption [3,4,7,17,19,21,22,27,29,30,33,35-41,43-52,54-59,64,66,67,70,72-77, 79-83,88,91-94,96-101,104,105,107,108,110,113-115,117,119-122, 124,127,129-134,137,138,140-142,144-146,148-151,155-159,161,163, 165,166,170-175,177,179,180,183,185,186,188-193,195,196,198-200, 202,204,206,207,209,211-213,215,217-222,224,226,227,229- [172][173][174]178,180,[182][183][184][185]188,[190][191][192][193][194][196][197][198][201][202][203][204][205]208 189-192, 194,196-199,201-206,212,214,215,220,223-226,228,229,231-233,235] [111][112][113][114][115][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132]134,135,[137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150]152,[154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][192][193][194][195][197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209]211 109,111,112,117,118,120,121,123,124,126,[130][131][132][134][135][136][137][138][139]142,146,149,152,154,155,157,159,160,[167][168][169]173,177,178,181,183,184,186,188,[192][193][194]199,200,[202][203][204]206,207,209,213,214,216,217,219,220,223,224,[228][229][230]232] 107 Energy penetration rate [17,34,51,52,58,73,77,81,93,120,121,129,130,147,156,163,175,176,197,200,218,221,222] 23 ...
... Patil et al. [90] consider the annual costs of operation and maintenance to be 2% of the total cost of the PV system. For Jo and Jang [34], this cost is 0.2% of the cost of investment, annually. Rocha et al. [87] consider that the system had annual operating and maintenance costs of 0.5% of the investment cost. ...
The introduction of environmental impact targets around the world has highlighted the needs for adopting alternative sources of energy, which can supply the demand and mitigate the damages caused to the environment. Solar energy is one of the main sources of alternative energy, and is considered an abundant source of clean energy. However, to facilitate and encourage investors interested in the installation of photovoltaic energy systems for electricity production, it is essential to evaluate the factors that impact on the economic viability of the projects. Therefore, the objective of this research is to present a systematic analytical framework, in order to identify and analyze the main factors that impact on the financial feasibility of projects for the installation of photovoltaic energy plants. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was carried out, analyzing the main studies related to the topic and identifying the main factors that may financially affect investments in photovoltaic energy systems. From this review, 29 influencing factors were identified and separated into five categories, namely, location, economic, political, climatic and environmental, and technical factors. The main factors highlighted are the investment cost, power generation, operation and maintenance costs, solar radiation, lifetime, energy tariff, efficiency, electricity consumption, and interest and taxes. The results may assist policy makers, investors, researchers and other stakeholders in identifying the key factors that are being examined in the literature, and to evaluate which ones should be considered in their study to ensure a sustainable development of power generation through the solar source.
... These efforts have altered investments in the energy market. The investments in the renewable energy sector increased by 55% from 2010 to 2018 [7]. European countries expanded renewable energy facilities, such as photovoltaics (PV) and wind power. ...
Following a new climate and energy plan, the European Union (EU) gives big attention to energy savings. The overall assessment of energy saving measures is very important. Thus, it is crucial to estimate in a proper way the primary energy factor, which is used in calculations of primary energy consumption from renewable energy (RE) sources in a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB). The conduced studies of the literature and national regulations showed that different methods to determine energy from photovoltaic (PV) systems are used. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the primary energy factors of energy from photovoltaics and determine the average value. To achieve this aim, the data of 30 photovoltaic systems from Lithuania were analyzed. The results show a 35% diversification in the values of non-renewable primary energy factor, depending on the PV systems’ capacities, with the average on a level of 1.038.
... The importance of solar energy is marked by the fact that the current global installed capacity of solar PV generation is around 505 GW [4]. Further expansion is possible if governments and policy makers announce more incentives on the purchase of solar panels [5] and related auxiliaries such as power electronic converters and energy storages, etc., for their effective utilization [6]. Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) can also play a significant role in this regard by motivating large segments of society towards decarbonization objectives [7]. ...
... This procedure is repeated for the entire movement of the window for each time step. For the next time step, 'h+1', window size, w s , and shifting step, w shi f t , are calculated using (5) and (6). However, the central point for starting the moving window corresponds with the lower margin of time step, 'h+1'. ...
Around the world, countries are integrating photovoltaic generating systems to the grid to support climate change initiatives. However, solar power generation is highly uncertain due to variations in solar irradiance level during different hours of the day. Inaccurate modelling of this variability can lead to non-optimal dispatch of system resources. Therefore, accurate characterization of solar irradiance patterns is essential for effective management of renewable energy resources in an electrical power grid. In this paper, the Weibull distribution based probabilistic model is presented for characterization of solar irradiance patterns. Firstly, Weibull distribution is utilized to model inter-temporal variations associated with reference solar irradiance data through moving window averaging technique, and then the proposed model is used for irradiance pattern generation. To achieve continuity of discrete Weibull distribution parameters calculated at different steps of moving window, Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) is employed. Goodness of Fit (GOF) techniques are used to calculate the error between mean and standard deviation of generated and reference patterns. The comparison of GOF results with the literature shows that the proposed model has improved performance. The presented model can be used for power system planning studies where the uncertainty of different resources such as generation, load, network, etc., needs to be considered for their better management.
A strategy to operate a power conversion system (PCS) to minimize the electricity rate of an energy storage system (ESS) is formulated. The ESS operation method is determined considering the power management system (PMS). The primary functions include peak-cut, peak-shifting, and frequency regulation typically related to electricity rates. Thus, the battery is charged and discharged when the price is low and high, respectively, thereby monetizing the battery. However, the ESS incurs a high cost for the batteries and PCS. Therefore, ESSs that reuse electric vehicle (EV) batteries are being actively developed. Many researchers have attempted to maximize the profit of ESSs by developing algorithms to calculate the optimal ESS capacity by performing a power load analysis of electricity consumers. An ESS selected based on this calculation can be operated through the PMS. This ESS can use the battery state of charge (SoC), ranging from 10–90%, to conduct a feasibility analysis using the net present value, which reflects the current electricity rate. This feasibility analysis is performed considering the difference between the initial investment cost of the ESS and the profit obtained from the power generation of the ESS. In South Korea, many policies have been implemented to encourage the installation of ESSs. The ESS promotion policy was implemented until 2020 to reduce the electricity rate, including the contracted capacity of batteries. However, since 2021, this policy has been transformed to reduce the electricity rate based on the daily maximum power generation. Thus, the conventional method of increasing the battery capacity is not suitable, and the profitability should be increased using limited batteries. For ESSs, PCSs composed of single and parallel structures can be used. When installing a large capacity ESS, a PCS using silicon (Si) is adopted to reduce the unit cost of the PCS. The unit price of a silicon carbide (SiC) device has recently decreased significantly. Thus, in this study, a PCS using this SiC device was developed. Moreover, an algorithm was formulated to minimize the electricity rate of the ESS, and the operation of a modular type PCS based on this algorithm was demonstrated.
The photovoltaic energy is widely used in modern power network due to its environmental and economic benefits. Solar car park is one of the solar photovoltaic system applications. The photovoltaic energy has disadvantages of intermittence and weather's variation. Thus, photovoltaic power prediction is very necessary to guarantee a balance between the produced energy and the solar car park requirements. The prediction of the photovoltaic energy is related to solar irradiation and ambient temperature forecasting. The aim of this study was to evaluate various methodologies for weather data estimation namely: the empirical models, the multilayer perceptron neural network and the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. The simulation results show that the ANFIS model can be successfully used to forecast the photovoltaic power. The forecasted photovoltaic energy was used for the solar car park lighting office management algorithm.
