Table 2 - uploaded by Ana Carolina Constantini
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Continuous speech duration for each voice sample considering voiceless and voiced segments and voiced segments
Source publication
Purpose:
This study aimed to verify the best speech material for the AVQI for Brazilian Portuguese language and identify the best validity results between the auditory perceptual judgment (APJ) and the AVQI score on different speech materials.
Methods:
We recorded voice samples of 50 individuals (dysphonic and vocally healthy) of several continu...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... blue spot is on the key again; How hard did he hit him; We were away a year ago). Table 2 presents the continuous speech duration considering the voiceless and voiced segments and the voiced segments. ...
Context 2
... best concurrent validity for counting numbers was for D3, 1 to 10 (Table 3) with a mean duration was 2.85 seconds; D2 had a longer duration with 3 seconds (Table 4). Numbers in D3 (i.e. 1 to 10) presented durations values closer to 3 seconds (Table 2), thus, it seems that counting 1 to 10 (15 syllables) is more related to the AVQI best precision and concurrent validity. Moreover, the AVQI scores for both durations were the same (Table 4). ...
Context 3
... blue spot is on the key again; How hard did he hit him; We were away a year ago). Table 2 presents the continuous speech duration considering the voiceless and voiced segments and the voiced segments. ...
Context 4
... best concurrent validity for counting numbers was for D3, 1 to 10 (Table 3) with a mean duration was 2.85 seconds; D2 had a longer duration with 3 seconds (Table 4). Numbers in D3 (i.e. 1 to 10) presented durations values closer to 3 seconds (Table 2), thus, it seems that counting 1 to 10 (15 syllables) is more related to the AVQI best precision and concurrent validity. Moreover, the AVQI scores for both durations were the same (Table 4). ...
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Citations
... A extração de parâmetros acústicos oferece a mensuração de diversas características vocais, algumas delas mais robustas, como a medida da frequência fundamental (f o ) da voz (4) . A tendência moderna é a obtenção de medidas combinadas (5) , como as medidas cepstrais (6) e o Acoustic Vocal Quality Index (AVQi) (7,8) por terem uma correlação mais elevada com a análise perceptivo-auditiva, e não apenas considerar parâmetros isolados. A análise descritiva da voz pode ser feita pela avaliação perceptivo-visual do traçado espectrográfico e oferece uma avaliação qualitativa da amostra vocal. ...
Dynamic vocal analysis (DVA) is an auditory-perceptual and acoustic vocal assessment strategy that provides estimates on the biomechanics and aerodynamics of vocal production by performing frequency and intensity variation tasks and using voice acoustic spectrography. The objective of this experience report is to demonstrate the use of DVA in the assessment of vocal functionality of dysphonic and non-dysphonic individuals, with a special focus on the laryngeal musculature. Phonatory tasks consisted of sustained vowel, “a” or “é”, and/or connected speech, in three intensities (habitual, soft, and loud) and three frequencies (habitual, high, and low), as well as ascending and descending glissando. The adjustments of the laryngeal and paralaryngeal muscles can be inferred from the different DVA tasks. The main characteristics of the laryngeal muscles analyzed are control of glottic adduction, stretching, and shortening of the vocal folds; the main characteristics of the paralaryngeal musculature are mainly related to the vertical laryngeal position in the neck. While the sustained vowel evaluates the vocal functionality with a focus on the larynx, connected speech allows the evaluation of the articulatory adjustments employed. An acoustic spectrographic software can be used to visualize the performance of such tasks. The clinical application of the DVA will be exemplified using acoustic spectrography plates from normal and dysphonic voices, taken from a voice bank. Individuals who perform the DVA tasks in a balanced way, with adequate vocal quality and without phonatory effort, demonstrate good vocal functionality. On the other hand, difficulties in performing these tasks with worsening vocal quality and/or increased muscle tension may be indications of altered vocal functionality.
Keywords:
Voice; Auditory perception; Speech acoustic; Spectrography; Dysphonia
... The extraction of acoustic parameters provides the measurement of many vocal characteristics, some of which are more robust, such as the voice fundamental frequency (f o ) (4) . The modern trend is to obtain combined measures (5) , such as cepstral measures (6) and the Acoustic Vocal Quality Index (AVQi) (7,8) as they have a high correlation with the perceptual judgment of the voice quality and do not consider only one isolated acoustic parameter. The descriptive analysis of the voice can be performed through the perceptual-visual judgment of the spectrogram, providing a qualitative assessment of the vocal sample. ...
Dynamic vocal analysis (DVA) is an auditory-perceptual and acoustic vocal assessment strategy that provides estimates on the biomechanics and aerodynamics of vocal production by performing frequency and intensity variation tasks and using voice acoustic spectrography. The objective of this experience report is to demonstrate the use of DVA in the assessment of vocal functionality of dysphonic and non-dysphonic individuals, with a special focus on the laryngeal musculature. Phonatory tasks consisted of sustained vowel, “a” or “é”, and/or connected speech, in three intensities (habitual, soft, and loud) and three frequencies (habitual, high, and low), as well as ascending and descending glissando. The adjustments of the laryngeal and paralaryngeal muscles can be inferred from the different DVA tasks. The main characteristics of the laryngeal muscles analyzed are control of glottic adduction, stretching, and shortening of the vocal folds; the main characteristics of the paralaryngeal musculature are mainly related to the vertical laryngeal position in the neck. While the sustained vowel evaluates the vocal functionality with a focus on the larynx, connected speech allows the evaluation of the articulatory adjustments employed. An acoustic spectrographic software can be used to visualize the performance of such tasks. The clinical application of the DVA will be exemplified using acoustic spectrography plates from normal and dysphonic voices, taken from a voice bank. Individuals who perform the DVA tasks in a balanced way, with adequate vocal quality and without phonatory effort, demonstrate good vocal functionality. On the other hand, difficulties in performing these tasks with worsening vocal quality and/or increased muscle tension may be indications of altered vocal functionality.
Keywords:
Voice; Auditory perception; Speech acoustic; Spectrography; Dysphonia
... In these cases, one can then opt for a descriptive analysis of the spectrographic tracing. Another option is to use multiparametric measurements that are more suitable for evaluations of dysphonic voices, offering more reliable and reliable results (140) . ...
Purpose
To map and describe the characteristics present in the publications of the CoDAS journal in the voice segment.
Research strategies
The research was carried on the Scielo database using the descriptor voice.
Selection criteria
CoDAS publications in the field of voice.
Data analysis
Specific data collected according to delineation, summarized by descriptive analysis and analyzed in narrative format.
Results
Studies published in 2019 and with cross-sectional delineation were more frequent. The most frequent result in the cross-sectional studies was the vocal self-assessment. Most intervention studies were of immediate single-session-only effect. The most frequent procedures in the validation studies were translation and transcultural adaptation.
Conclusion
There was a gradual increase in the number of publications of voice studies, though these had heterogeneous characteristics.
Keywords:
Voice; Outcomes; Procedures; Dysphonia; Voice Disorders
... Nestes casos, pode-se, então, optar por uma análise descritiva do traçado espectrográfico. Outra opção é utilizar medidas multiparamétricas que são mais indicadas para avaliações de vozes disfônicas, oferecendo resultados mais fidedignos e confiáveis (140) . ...
Purpose
To map and describe the characteristics present in the publications of the CoDAS journal in the voice segment.
Research strategies
The research was carried on the Scielo database using the descriptor voice.
Selection criteria
CoDAS publications in the field of voice.
Data analysis
Specific data collected according to delineation, summarized by descriptive analysis and analyzed in narrative format.
Results
Studies published in 2019 and with cross-sectional delineation were more frequent. The most frequent result in the cross-sectional studies was the vocal self-assessment. Most intervention studies were of immediate single-session-only effect. The most frequent procedures in the validation studies were translation and transcultural adaptation.
Conclusion
There was a gradual increase in the number of publications of voice studies, though these had heterogeneous characteristics.
Keywords:
Voice; Outcomes; Procedures; Dysphonia; Voice Disorders
... Uma pesquisa com foco na confiabilidade encontrou que ouvintes mais experientes tendem a ser mais consistentes em suas avaliações que avaliadores não treinados (20) . Outra pesquisa encontrou também boa confiabilidade intra e interavaliadores especialistas em voz com experiência clínica (28) . Pesquisas propõem que a audição pode e deve ser treinada clinicamente, com o objetivo de melhora nos escores obtidos na avaliação (29,30) . ...
Objetivo:
Avaliar a habilidade de identificação de vozes normais e alteradas por indivíduos afinados e desafinados, comparando seu desempenho nos testes de processamento auditivo e na avaliação perceptivo-auditiva.
Método:
Participaram 15 indivíduos afinados e 15 desafinados pareados quanto à idade e sexo, oriundos de um coral amador, com limiares auditivos e qualidade vocal dentro dos padrões de normalidade. Todos foram submetidos à Triagem da Afinação vocal para a alocação nos grupos de afinados e desafinados. Em seguida, realizaram o Teste Padrão de Frequência (TPF), Teste Padrão de Duração (TPD) e análise perceptivo-auditiva de 36 vozes, mais 20% de repetição para teste de confiabilidade.
Resultados:
Os indivíduos desafinados apresentaram resultados estatisticamente menores que os afinados no TPF e no TPD para ambas as orelhas (p=0,002 OD; p=0,001 OE; p=0,009 TPD). Resultados da análise perceptivo-auditiva e da confiabilidade não apresentaram diferença (p=0,153). Contudo, esses resultados foram melhores quando comparados os participantes com valores normais no TPF e TPD, em relação aos resultados alterados (p=0,033). Assim, participantes com testes temporais de processamento auditivo alterados apresentaram maiores dificuldades na análise perceptivo-auditiva e menor confiabilidade intrassujeito, independentemente de serem ou não afinados.
Conclusão:
Percebe-se que a afinação vocal não é um pré-requisito para a realização de uma boa avaliação perceptivo-auditiva da voz, mas os padrões temporais e a confiabilidade intrassujeito estão notavelmente associados à análise perceptivo-auditiva de vozes normais e alteradas. Assim, sugere-se que o treinamento auditivo seja contemplado em programas de desenvolvimento da habilidade de realizar avaliação perceptivo-auditiva da voz.
The aim:
Of this study was to validate the Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI) in Russian language and determine threshold values to differentiate normal and dysphonic voices in russophone population.
Materials and methods:
41 recordings of patients with laryngeal hemiplegia and hemiparesis appeared after thyroid carcinomas' surgical treatment and laryngeal cancer from the Tomsk Cancer Research Institute were used, as well as 10 new recordings of normophonic people, composing a control group. Voice samples included the first quatrain of the poem «Sail» written by M.Yu. Lermontov, and sustained vowel «a». Four specialists who work with voice disorders (three speech-language pathologists and one phoniatrist) rated degree of dysphonia for all voice sample. Moreover, the AVQI was calculated for each sample.
Results:
There was a statistically significant correlation between auditory-perceptual assessment and the AVQI (r=0.74), this confirms that AVQI is effective in evaluating voice disorders. The group of people with normal voice had relatively low values of AVQI, whereas the group of patients with laryngeal diseases had relatively high values. Analysis of ROC-curve showed that AVQI has excellent diagnostic accuracy to differentiate normal and dysphonic voices (AUC=0.966).
Conclusions:
The AVQI is the excellent tool for objective assessment of voice disorders in the Russian population/.
This article describes the contribution of the speech-language pathologist, voice specialist SLP-V in the assessment of patients with voice problems. Part B explores acoustic analysis to measure the vocal signal and to produce comprehensive documentation of the patient; the physical examination to assess the involvement of body tension, including the larynx, cervical muscles, and breathing pattern; and finally, the correlation of all previously described steps to make a clinical decision combining the patient information, tests performed, and the physical examination of the individual. Worldwide published tendencies and specific comments of each step highlight the role of the SLP-V.
Objective: To assess the concurrent validity and the diagnostic accuracy of the Acoustic Breathiness Index (ABI) in Brazilian Portuguese.
Methods: The counting numbers 1–20 and the vowel /a/ of 150 subjects were recorded (37 vocally healthy and 113 with dysphonia). The analyzed samples were the counting number 1–11 and 3 s of the sustained vowel. Nine voice specialists performed the perceptual judgment of the degree of breathiness. The Spearman Correlation and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to assess ABI’s concurrent validity and diagnosis accuracy.
Results: Results from five listeners were chosen for the study analyses due to moderate and substantial intra-rater reliability (Cohen’s Kappa values = 0.520–0.772) and moderate inter-rater reliability (Fleiss Kappa = 0.353). The ABI presented a high concurrent validity (r = 0.746); 55.6% of the breathiness vocal deviation can be explained by the acoustic analysis (r 2 = 0.556). The ROC curve presented good diagnostic accuracy (85.2%). At a threshold of 2.94, the sensitivity was 75.3% and the specificity was 93.4%.
Conclusion: The ABI is a valid tool for screening and patient’s follow-up regarding breathy vocal qualities in the Brazilian Portuguese language.
Objective:
To propose a single qualifier scale for voice problems based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) that classifies a voice problem considering its multidimensionality.
Method:
A multicultural database was analyzed (280 subjects). The analyzed information was: the perceptual judgment of the overall voice quality (G); the acoustic analysis (A) with the Acoustic Voice Quality Index; the laryngeal diagnosis (L) and the patient self-assessment (P) using the Voice Handicap Index. The variables were categorized. A 2-step cluster analysis was performed to define groups with common characteristics.
Results:
A 7-point qualifier scale, the GALP, was defined to generally classify levels of voice problems considering 4 dimensions of the voice evaluation. Each level of voice problem, that is, no problem, mild, moderate, severe, or complete voice problem, has its own possible outcome for G, A, L, and P that will change, or not, the overall level of voice problem. The extremes of the scale represent "no problem" at all when all parameters are normal, and "complete problem" when all parameters are altered. The 3 levels in between were defined by the cluster analysis (mild, moderate, and severe problem) and change according to the outcome of each evaluation (G, A, L, and P). Thus, changes in one parameter alone may or not contribute to the change of the level of voice problem. Also, there are 2 categories for cases that do not fit the classification (not specified) and for which some of the variables are missing (not applicable).
Conclusion:
The GALP scale was proposed to classify the level of voice problem. This approach considers important dimensions of voice evaluation according to the ICF. It is a potential tool to be used by different professionals, with different assessment procedures, and among different populations, clinicians, and study centers.
