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A novel continuous flow biosensor based on gold nanoparticles and poly(propylene-co-imidazole) was developed for the online determination of p-benzoquinone. The amperometric response was measured as a function of p-benzoquinone concentration at an applied potential of -50 mV. The hydrogen peroxide concentration was optimized and fixed at 1 mM in sa...
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... carrier solution was composed of 100 mM pH 7 potassium phosphate buffer including 0.7 mg/mL LiCIO 4 as supporting electrolyte according to the our previous horseradish peroxidase studies in which the buffer conditions were optimized. [28,29] The experimental setup is presented in Figure 1. ...
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Guanidino‐functionalized aromatics (GFAs) are readily available, stable organic redox‐active compounds. In this work we apply one particular GFA compound, 1,2,4,5‐tetrakis(tetramethylguanidino)benzene, in its oxidized form in a variety of oxidation/oxidative coupling reactions to demonstrate the scope of its proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET)...
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... As these compounds are resistant to the action of microbes, the biodegradation cannot be used to eliminate them (Jena et al., 2021). Spectrophotometry (Gatti et al., 2001), gas and liquid chromatography (Castillo et al., 1997), flow injection systems (Korkut et al., 2016), and capillary electrophoresis (Naczk and Shahidi, 2004) have all been used to analyses benzene derivatives. Although these methods are rigorous and accurate, they require equipment that is expensive, cumbersome, and time-consuming. . ...
... Electrochemical sensors are not only affordable, handy, but they also offer excellent selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of benzene derivatives (Pulgarin et al., 1994). In spite of this, there are only a few publications accessible for the analysis of PBQ (Korkut et al., 2016;Ortega et al., 1993). We have previously reported a voltammetric GCE based sensor using nanocomposite materials with a small concentration range (Agrahari et al., 2023). ...
... However, we have prepared SPE based electrochemical sensor for the detection of PBQ with wider detection range (0.005 mM-30 mM), which is in the validated range of analysing PBQ in the water samples (Al-Nu' Airat et al., 2019). The developed sensor had shown an excellent detection range compared with similarly modified electrodes (do Vale-Júnior et al., 2019;Korkut et al., 2016). When compared to carbon paste electrodes and glassy carbon electrodes (GCE), respectively, the tedious preparation procedures and essential polishing stages that are needed for these types of carbon electrodes make the SPEs superior. ...
... Electrochemical sensors provide good selectivity and sensitivity for benzene derivative sensing and are inexpensive, portable, and compact [14]. Nevertheless, numerous reports are available for the detection of phenolic derivatives [15,16]. Biosensors turn metabolic processes into electrical signals by combining a biological component with a physicochemical detector. ...
... Subsequently, to address these limitations, supporting carbon-based nanomaterials containing nanoparticles are employed in modification of the electrode surfaces. Nanomaterials including graphene, graphitic carbon nitride, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and metal nanoparticles are being explored as a fascinating materials in modification of electrode to make an electrochemical sensor for phenolic derivatives [18,16]. Due to their outstanding electrochemical properties, ease of chemical modification, and low manufacturing costs, these nanomaterials are ideal for developing simple and easy-to-use electrochemical sensors [19]. ...
... This phenoxy radical loses another electron to create a phenoxonium ion, which releases a proton to generate the hydroquinone form of PBQ. Thus, electrochemical oxidation and chemical reactions irreversibly convert PBQ to hydroquinone [16]. Fig. 7. (A) depicts the CV responses for PBQ quantification at MnO 2 @Co-Ni MOFs/fMWCNTs/GCE in 0.1 M PBS (pH 7.0). ...
... Fine AgNPs with higher specific surface area are frequently favoured due to their improved bactericidal activity and biomedical application [25][26][27][28][29][30]. Besides silver, gold has also gained a lot of applications in the field of drug delivery, energy [31,32], tissue engineering [33][34][35], and especially in catalysis and antimicrobial activity [36][37][38]. ...
The development of robust materials possessing simultaneously antibacterial and catalytic activities for the reduction and removal of organic pollutants from wastewater with enhanced efficacy has received unwavering interest. Herein, highly porous and thermo-responsive cryogels of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acryamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) have been fabricated via redox-initiated cryo-polymerization. Silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles were introduced into a bare cryogel through thermal reduction of metal salts. The fabricated bare cryogels and bimetallic integrated cryogel were confirmed with different techniques including fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The crystallinity of bare cryogels and bimetallic nanoparticles inside cryogel was examined by using powder x-ray diffraction. Thermo-gravimetric analysis confirmed that bimetallic nanoparticle loaded cryogels were thermally more stable than bare cryogels. The macro-porosity of cryogels before and after loading bimetallic nanoparticles were studied by using scanning electron microscopy. Energy dispersive x-ray and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were implemented, confirming the presence of metal elements in the synthesized bimetallic hybrid cryogel. Furthermore, the uniform distribution of silver and gold nanoparticles in cryogel was examined with transmission electron microscopy. The fabricated bimetallic nanoparticle loaded cryogel exhibited high antibacterial activities against E. coli and S. aureus as well as the good catalytic capacity for the rapid reduction of p-nitrophenol and Rhodamine B. Catalytic activity was also examined at various temperatures, different pH values and catalyst amount. The activation energy (Ea = 34.41 kJ·mol⁻¹), enthalpy change (ΔH = - 31.92 kJ·mol⁻¹) and entropy change (ΔS = -145.19 J·mol⁻¹·k⁻¹) of catalytic reduction were determined using Arrhenius and Eyring equations. The catalytic performance of bimetallic nanoparticle loaded cryogel was also examined in pure water and tap water. The fabricated bimetallic catalyst was highly stable up to five consecutive cycles without any change in their catalytic performance.
... When the buffer is carried to flow cell surface, the analyte concentration decreases to zero depending on the flow rate in the flow-injection biosensors. The flow-injection system provides the advantage of high sample throughput and short analysis time compared to the batch system [26]. ...
A biosensor for phosphate determination with the flow‐injection system was developed using rhodium nanoparticles modified Poly(pyrrole‐co‐[1‐(2‐aminophenyl) pyrrole])/pyruvate oxidase. The biosensor showed a very wide linearity up to 70 mM phosphate concentration compared to previously reports, response time of 4 s., operational stability with a relative standard deviation of 0.009% and accuracy of 99.4% ± 0.949 at a flow rate of 2.0 mL min.‐1 at exactly ‐0.68 V. Detection limit were calculated to be 21 ± 0.001 μM by preserving 81.1 % of its initial response at the end of 16th days. Artificial urine was analyzed without dilution to investigate biosensor performance.
... be realised by sensors. In literature, several (bio)sensors and methods for the detection and quantification of aromatic compounds are described (Buerck et al., 2001;Gutés et al., 2005;Korkut et al., 2016;Mu, 2006;Rahemi et al., 2020;Zhang & Li, 2009). ...
Saline wastewater contaminated with aromatic compounds can be frequently found in various industrial sectors. Those compounds need to be degraded before reuse of wastewater in other process steps or release to the environment. Halophiles have been reported to efficiently degrade aromatics, but their application to treat industrial wastewater is rare. Halophilic processes for industrial wastewater treatment need to satisfy certain requirements: a continuous process mode, low operational expenditures, suitable reactor systems and a monitoring and control strategy. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of halophilic microorganisms, principles of aromatic biodegradation, and sources of saline wastewater containing aromatics and other contaminants. Finally, process examples for halophilic wastewater treatment and potential process monitoring strategies are discussed. To further illustrate the significant potential of halophiles for saline wastewater treatment and to facilitate development of ready-to-implement processes, future research should focus on scale-up and innovative process monitoring and control strategies.
... The accuracy of the biosensor calculated according to the formula, given as (measured concentration from the calibration/actual concentration) × 100, [33] was found to be 88.3%. The reproducibility of successive tests using the same biosensor was investigated. ...
... The combination of gold nanoparticles brings together their unique properties generating a new nano- composite with excellent characteristics such as providing a stable surface for enzyme immobilization without compromising enzymatic activity, permitting direct electron transfer from the enzyme to the electrode, thereby enhancing the electrochemical sensing ability. [7,33] However, as far as we know, there have been few reports based on gold nanoparticle biosensors designed for urea detection. For instance, a biosensor designed with gold nanoparticles functionalized with hyperbranched polyester was used for urea detection, and detection limit and relative standard deviation were reported as 10 µM and 8%, respectively. ...
A new amperometric urea biosensor based on gold nanoparticle embedded poly(propylene-co-imidazole) was developed for the determination of urea. The urease adsorbed on the polymeric film catalyzed the hydrolysis of urea to ammonium and bicarbonate ions and the ammonium was then electrooxidized on the gold electrode with the aid of gold nanoparticles at +0.2 V versus Ag/AgCl using differential pulse voltammetry. The biosensor provided a linear current response to urea concentration from 0.1 to 30 mM, a detection limit of 36 µM, a relative standard deviation of 2.43% (n = 18), and excellent storage stability, as the current decrease was only 3% after 75 days. The operation of the biosensor was evaluated by the analysis of municipal sewage wastewater collected from the inlet pipe of the treatment plant of Zonguldak City in Turkey. The effects of possible interferants were also characterized.
Silver and palladium nanoparticles were prepared by in situ chemical reduction using Sodium Borohydride as a reducing agent at 18°C. The synthesis of pure and hybrid cryogels and the incorporation of silver and palladium nanoparticles inside the cryogel network, was confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis and energy dispersive x-ray respectively. The antibacterial activities were checked by using the hybrid cryogels against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC: 2593) and Escherichia coli (ATCC: 25922) bacteria. After taking into account the facile synthetic process and the adsorption performance, these cryogels can serve as good candidates for antibacterial purposes.
Nanoparticles are the gateway to the new era in drug delivery of biocompatible agents. Several products have emerged from nanomaterials in quest of developing practical wound healing dressings that are nonantigenic, antishear stress, and gas-exchange permeable. Numerous studies have isolated and characterised various wound healing nanomaterials and nanoproducts. The electrospinning of natural and synthetic materials produces fine products that can be mixed with other wound healing medications and herbs. Various produced nanomaterials are highly influential in wound healing experimental models and can be used commercially as well. This article reviewed the current state-of-the-art and briefly specified the future concerns regarding the different systems of nanomaterials in wound healing (i.e., inorganic nanomaterials, organic and hybrid nanomaterials, and nanofibers). This review may be a comprehensive guidance to help health care professionals identify the proper wound healing materials to avoid the usual wound complications.
Newly synthesized poly(styrene-g-oleic amide) was coated onto a rhodium nanoparticle modified glassy carbon (GC) surface for the fabrication of horseradish peroxidase based biosensor used for hydrogen peroxide detection. The rhodium modifed electrode presented ten times higher signal than unmodified electrode even at low elecrtroactive enzyme quantity by enhancing the electron transfer rate at the applied potential of −0.65 V. The biosensor designed by under the optimized rhodium electrodeposition time exhibited a fast response less than 5 s, an excellent operational stability with a relative standard deviation of 0.6 % (n=6), an accuracy of 96 % and a large linear range between 50 μM and 120 mM for hydrogen peroxide. Detection limit and the sensitivity parameters were calculated to be 44 μM and 57 μA mM−1 cm−2, respectively by preserving its entire initial response up to the 15 days, while only 20 % of its initial response was lost at the end of one month.
In this paper screen printed electrodes modified with NiO nanoparticles were developed and characterized. NiO nanoparticles were purposely synthesized by a microwave-assisted procedure followed by calcination either at 400 °C or 600 °C and characterized by X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy.
Screen printed electrodes were modified by drop casting of either set of NiO nanoparticles dispersed in different solvents, i.e. H2O, CH3CN, EtOH and DMF-H2O and characterized by Cyclic Voltammentry using ferrycianide as electroactive probe. All NiO-SPEs show enhanced performances with respect to the bare electrodes. The largest electroactive area, homogeneity, electron kinetic transfer and smallest peak-to-peak separation is displayed by the screen printed electrodes modified with NiO prepared at 400 °C and dispersed in H2O. Thus this electrode was probed for the detection of benzoquinone, epinephrine and norepinephrine, demonstrating an enhancement of the electrochemical activity and a better separation of the reduction peaks compared to the bare electrodes.
