Figure - available from: Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
Contextualization of set-up instructions by marking the assembly sites on a bending machine – e.g. the green, blue and red axes on the left picture and the red area on the right picture.
Source publication
Knowledge and expertise sharing has long been an important theme in CSCW and, importantly, one that has frequently challenged a prevailing view concerning knowledge management. This critique focused, initially, on the practical problems associated with issues of Organisational Memory (OM), and in particular the difficulties inherent in an oversimpl...
Similar publications
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are currently attracting a great deal of attention as a part of the discourse surrounding the fourth industrial revolution. Thus far, the chief focus has been upon complex architectures for supply chain-wide data exchange between intelligent machines. Here, however, we take a very different tack by examining the support...
Citations
... In the collaborative environment of scientific and technological innovation, the use of collaboration technology can effectively solve the problems of lack of technical support and difficulties in resource sharing and process evaluation in the process of scientific research collaboration, as to promote the development of scientific research activities [13]. Reference [14] shows the evolution of cyberphysical infrastructures now offers a way of changing some early assumptions about how knowledge might be captured and displayed. Although many collaborative knowledge management methods and frameworks have been proposed in previous studies, they do not propose specific methods to support collaboration, but only stay at the conceptual level, with no specific means of implementation and evaluation. ...
Promoting the co-constructing and sharing of organizational knowledge and improving organizational performance have always been the core research subject of knowledge management. Existing research focuses on the construction of knowledge management systems and knowledge sharing and transfer mechanisms. With the rapid development and application of cloud computing and big data technology, knowledge management is faced with many problems, such as how to combine with the new generation of information technology, how to achieve integration with organizational business processes, and so on. To solve such problems, this paper proposes a reciprocal collaborative knowledge management model (RCKM model) based on cloud computing technology, reciprocity theory, and collaboration technology. RCKM model includes project group management and cloud computing technology, which can realize management, finance, communication, and quality assurance of multiple projects and solve the problem of business integration with knowledge management. This paper designs evaluation methods of tacit knowledge and reciprocity preference based on the Bayesian formula and analyzes their effect with simulation data. The methods can provide quantitative support for the integration of knowledge management and business management to realize reciprocity and collaboration in the RCKM model. The research found that RCKM model can fully use cloud computing technology to promote the integration of knowledge management and organizational business, and the evaluation method based on the Bayesian formula can provide relatively accurate data support for the evaluation and selection of project team members.
... For instance, Goyal et al. [39] argue that understanding the ways in which information sharing improves performance and leads to better outcomes is important for the design of digital tools. Furthermore, since much of the available information within organisations are of a tacit or embodied nature [1,20], important information for decision-making processes may remain hidden. Cyber-physical production systems, it has been claimed, will potentially revolutionise the ways in which knowledge embedded in embodied action can be shared in production contexts [20,49]. ...
... Furthermore, since much of the available information within organisations are of a tacit or embodied nature [1,20], important information for decision-making processes may remain hidden. Cyber-physical production systems, it has been claimed, will potentially revolutionise the ways in which knowledge embedded in embodied action can be shared in production contexts [20,49]. ...
... Access to special systems, such as Computer Aided Design (CAD) or Product Life Cycle Management (PLM), is less common and more reserved for management. Instead, non-digital artefacts based on paper are widespread -similar to [20,35] -and the most common means of communication is face-to-face interaction (Figure 1c). It is not uncommon for workers to stop work to retrieve more work instructions from a central system near his workstation [30] or to coordinate some activity with colleagues [20]. ...
Across the years, production systems have recurrently turned to new digital technologies in the search for enhanced productivity and competitiveness. More recently, a prelude to a Fourth Industrial Revolution has been heard, announcing Industry 4.0 as the future of production and manufacture. It has been claimed that cyber-physical production systems would bring drastic changes in the way that people go about engaging in work. It is therefore sensible to think that the way that cooperation is accomplished within production contexts will be also affected. Based on an in-depth interview study featuring 21 participants from different companies, we go on to discuss which challenges have been emerging from recent digitalisation of production work in regard to the way that workers cooperate in accomplishing their productive activities. Our results suggest that there are associated group effects - e.g., group polarisation, hidden profiles, and exclusion - that pose relevant challenges for cooperation within these settings. In this contribution, we go on to present and discuss these results and to propose articulation spaces, which conceptually bring together aspects of coordination mechanisms and common information spaces, as a potential solution for some of those challenges.
... Seine Optimierung ist der Schlüssel zur Maximierung einer effizienten Fertigung und zum bestmöglichen Handling kundenspezifischer Produkte bzw. kleiner Auftrags-und Liefergrößen (De Carvalho et al. 2018). ...
... Neue Technologien, wie auf Augmented Reality (AR) basierende CPS in Kombination mit vielfältigen Möglichkeiten des I(I)oT, können dazu verhelfen, die beschriebene Problematik zu adressieren (De Carvalho et al. 2018). AR ist als neue Visualisierungsart, die ortsbezogene Informationen schnell und einfach übertragen kann, potenziell dazu geeignet, Wissen und Expertise zu erfassen und zu teilen (Ackerman et al. 2013). ...
... Vielmehr liegt der Schwerpunkt oftmals auf der Ausarbeitung von Modellen, die sich auf eine organisatorische Wissensschöpfung oder auf Motivationsaspekte zur Realisierung eines erfolgreichen Wissenstransfers beziehen (Nonaka et al. 2000). Die primäre Problematik hinsichtlich einer gemeinsamen Nutzung von Wissen besteht darin, das implizite Wissen zu explizieren (De Carvalho et al. 2018;Ackerman et al. 2013;Schmidt 2012). Ackerman und Halverson (2004) weisen in diesem Zusammenhang auf die Bedeutsamkeit der Aneignung eines detaillierten empirisch fundierten Verständnisses der mit dem Wissenstransfer verbundenen Praktiken hin. ...
Zusammenfassung
Industrielle Rüstvorgänge sind durch ihren zentralen und zeitkritischen Charakter innerhalb eines Produktionsprozesses elementar. Optimierungsbestrebungen dieser Prozesse erfolgen insbesondere hinsichtlich des Zeitaufwandes und der Ressourcenschonung. In diesem Zusammenhang findet die Unterstützung des Menschen durch digitale Technologien in Form von Cyber-Physischen Systemen (CPS) weniger Beachtung. Der vorliegende Beitrag greift diese Thematik auf und trägt zur Weiterentwicklung von CPS bei. Auf Grundlage einer umfassenden ethnographischen Studie wurden Praktiken von Maschineneinrichtern im Zuge von Rüstvorgängen an Biegemaschinen identifiziert. Die Erkenntnisse dieser Studie münden in ein übergreifendes Wissenstransfermodell, das die Ableitung von Gestaltungs- bzw. Designimplikationen für CPS im Rüstkontext erleichtert und optimiert. Auf Grundlage eines Vergleichs von technischen Möglichkeiten mit den im Modell erfassten praxisrelevanten Anforderungen an den Wissens- und Erfahrungstransfer konnte ein neuer auf Augmented Reality (AR) und Sensortechnologie beruhender methodischer Ansatz zur Erfassung und Weitergabe von propositionalem und prozessualem Wissen, eingebettet in verkörperten Handlungen, realisiert werden.
Praktische Relevanz : Die Forschungsarbeiten bringen den Stand der Technik bei der Gestaltung digitaler Technologien bzw. CPS zur Unterstützung von Menschen voran, die mit Umrüstprozessen industrieller Produktionsmaschinen betraut sind. Es konnten für den Austausch von Fachwissen insbesondere hinsichtlich der Kontextualität und Kommunikation unter Berücksichtigung kollaborativer Arbeit und sozialer Rahmenbedingungen Fortschritte erzielt werden, die gleichzeitig neue Forschungsrichtungen zu diesem Thema eröffnen.
... Im Zuge des Forschungsprojekts "Cyberrüsten 4.0" wurde am Beispiel von industriellen Rüstvorgängen an Umform-bzw. Biegemaschinen eine prototypische Applikation für eine Mixed-Reality-Technologie unter Verwendung der Microsoft "HoloLens" entwickelt und evaluiert (Abele et al. 2016;De Carvalho et al. 2018;Hoffmann et al. 2019). Mithilfe dieses HMDs können prozessrelevante Informationen holografisch und kontextspezifisch in das reale Sichtfeld des Nutzers projiziert und mit internen sowie externen Sensordaten und Simulationen angereichert werden. ...
Zusammenfassung
Im Zuge des technologischen Fortschritts werden zunehmend analoge durch digitale Lösungen ersetzt. In diesem Zusammenhang treten neuartige Visualisierungsmöglichkeiten in den Vordergrund, wie z. B. Augmented Reality (AR). Der Umgang mit AR-basierten Informationsdarstellungen kann jedoch bei inkompatibler Gestaltung zu Performance-Verlusten und erhöhten physischen sowie psychischen Beanspruchungen führen. Bestehende ergonomische und nutzerzentrierte Richtlinien sowie gesetzliche Vorschriften können die Konzipierung und Usability derartiger Systeme aufgrund der rasanten technischen Weiterentwicklung nur bedingt unterstützen. Die vorliegende Ausarbeitung stellt an einem Praxisbeispiel dar, inwieweit eine cyber-physische Rüstapplikation in Form eines Head-Mounted Displays den geltenden interaktions-ergonomischen und kompatibilitäts-bezogenen Standards im Kontext industrieller Tätigkeiten und gesten-gesteuerter, binokularer AR-Systeme entspricht bzw. gerecht wird.
Praktische Relevanz: Die präsentierten Ergebnisse nehmen für die Praxis eine wichtige Rolle ein, da die vorgestellte Systematik Arbeitspersonen bei komplexen Rüst- und Montagevorgängen unterstützen soll. Auf Grundlage dieser Erkenntnisse und mithilfe weiterer Optimierungsmöglichkeiten soll ein prozesssicherer, wertschöpfender und beanspruchungsminimaler Einsatz von AR-Systemen im industriellen Umfeld angestrebt werden.
... Indeed, the radical influence of new technology has led to such developments being characterized as, in turn: (in respect of water and steam power) the 1st Industrial Revolution; (with electricity and assembly lines) the 2nd Industrial Revolution; and (with the introduction of programmable controllers and automation) the 3rd Industrial Revolution. Currently, cyber-physical (production) systems (CPPS) are supporting the digitalization of work processes, signaling a 4th Industrial Revolution based on concepts such as smart factories and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) (De Carvalho et al., 2018;Kagermann, 2013;Monostori, 2014;Post et al., 2017). ...
The desire to encourage companies to invest in energy efficiency has prompted various incentives, including taxation benefits. Many companies have invested in digital infrastructures to help them save energy but, as we show below, there are significant challenges in running a digital infrastructure in companies. Some of the projects in
question involve acquiring and installing off-the-shelf sensors and implementing them as part of an Internet of Things (IoT) with machines, servers, middleware and other technologies. This paper addresses issues of digital plumbing – the actual work of installing digital technologies – in industrial settings, to date relatively underexplored in the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) literature. By presenting the findings of ethnographic research conducted during the installation of a digital infrastructure for energy saving in a German company, we help to fill this research gap. In particular, we present a cautionary tale about the practical challenges that can emerge during such initiatives, demonstrating that success and failure in industrial IoT initiatives depends on more than the resolution of technical issues. Furthermore, we uncover ways in which digital plumbing in industrial settings is confronted with certain unique challenges that require different orders of solution to those that might be adopted for domestic IoT.
... For procedure and conceptual knowledge, emerging technologies like sensing technology and augmented reality can play important roles in capturing and representing procedural and conceptual knowledge. For example, to capture physical processes by sensing technologies and then using head-mounted applications to visualize task sequences as noviceworkers are trying to operate a machine [10]. For tacit, executive, collaborative knowledge and metaknowledge, which require lots of interpersonal interaction, computer-mediated communication tools along with network analysis can be beneficial to track and archive these knowledge. ...
In workplaces, knowledge has the property of being individually kept and collectively shared. It is distributed and embedded among members but needs to be transferred and pooled through knowledge networks for successful collaboration. In order to understand and embody such networks, we employed a mixture of field observations, social network analysis, and in-depth interviews to examine the practices of knowledge transfer in a local financial institute (N=32). Results from the analyses show that there is a discrepancy between inbound and outbound knowledge transfer, and also suggest that expertise or social relation cannot solely account for members' decision on whom to ask questions and share knowledge. We also found that scaffolding workers to connect to the right person with metaknowledge of the knowledge network is important. Our findings point to research and design opportunities to support knowledge transfer at the collaborative level within a knowledge community.
... In these cases, activities are supported by simply projecting instructions, with the scope and depth of the information being limited and only small sections of an entire process being supported. However, as Pinatti et al. [9] have pointed out, AR technologies combined with appropriate sensory input and codified information about physical parameters, offer the prospect of much richer support of expertise sharing around complex technologies, enhancing the likelihood of their appropriation. non-propositional knowledge [59]. ...
... non-propositional knowledge [59]. Such 'tacit' or 'local' knowledge, it has been argued, is difficult to articulate and, as such, makes knowledge sharing more difficult [9]. This indicates that research regarding the use of projection mapping as a visual support and the role it may play in sociable technologies has significant potential for the support of appropriation of complex technologies across a range of different domains. ...
... Projected videos recorded by other, more experienced, users that articulated and made sense of the highlighting of specific components were seen to have particular value. This speaks volumes regarding the scope for sociable technologies equipped in this way to use ostension to overstep the conventional view that non-propositional (or tacit) knowledge is hard to systematically convey [9]. By using projection mapping to interact with sociable technologies, we blur the boundaries between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. ...
The increasing complexity of cyber-physical systems poses special challenges for users to be able to appropriate and apply such technologies within their practice. Classic tools to support appropriation have usually taken the form of written manuals or video tutorials. However, recent research regarding appropriation infrastructures and sociable technologies has suggested that appropriation support functionality can be integrated directly into software and cyber-physical systems. The problem confronting this kind of support is the adequate visualization of the information and the provision of user interfaces that could offer the necessary basis for appropriation. Based on the example of 3D printing, we examine how projection mapping-as an innovative form of visualization-can be used as a user interface for hardware-related appropriation support. Through reflections upon the design and evaluation of a projection-based 3D-printer system, we provide insights that extend the notion of appropriation support to encompass projection mapping and that can contribute to the future development of projection-based human-machine interfaces.
... Interviews with operators and supervisors revealed that it usually takes six months for a machine operator trained by an experienced employee to carry out an equipping process on his own. [3] The exchange of information is cumbersome and the first economic set-up times are only reached when the employee has gained his own experience. The present study has the overriding goal of generating recommendations for adjustment by means of a sensitivity analysis of the process parameters as part of practical experiments and to create a knowledge base for equipping support. ...
... (a) measurement of the strain on the outer arc; (b) wrinkle measurement on the inner arc[3].The wrinkle formation on the inner arc is quantified by means of the evaluation factor ΩVDI3431 according to ...
Due to the adaptation to new market requirements with regard to individual products, equipping operations in tube and sheet metal bending are demanded at shorter intervals of time. The equipping process of a rotary draw bending machine can be divided into a static and a dynamic part. The static equipping process consists of all preparatory logistical measures and a subsequent assembly of the tools of the new workpiece. The dynamic equipping process consists of performing iterative bends and, after assessing the component quality, adjusting process parameters until the quality characteristics of the component meet customer requirements. In order to carry out an equipping process with the least possible expenditure of time and a small number of rejected parts, high level of experience is required.
The aim is to use a sensitivity analysis to identify the influence of the individual process parameters on the quality characteristics, crack probability on the outer arc and wrinkle formation on the inner arc, by means of practical bending tests in a targeted and systematic manner. Based on the results, recommendations for parameter corrections are stored in “cases” depending on the error pattern and form the basis of digital equipping support based on the principle of "case-based-reasoning". This helps to make the product quality user-independent by guiding the machine operator in his work, and to make the equipping process in the course of Industry 4.0 flexible as well as time and cost-reduced.
Past and current research has shown that Knowledge and Expertise Sharing (KES) is central to the appropriation of enterprise software such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. ERP implementation projects in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are often driven by research and practice. However, they tend to focus on the 'go live' moment rather than on the subsequent, much longer post-implementation phase. This, we argue, results in decreased utilisation over time and an increased need for workarounds. In this paper, we draw on an empirical study within four organisations which exposes the limitations of KES in ERP implementation projects in SMEs, especially in regard to the preparation of key users. Our findings suggest that, despite key users' essential role in these projects, they are often chosen haphazardly and are ill-prepared. As a result, they cannot fulfil their role of facilitating KES with end users, who end up appropriating ERP systems mostly through 'learning by doing'. This stems directly from complex and largely unrecognised processes involving consultants, hotlines, management, key users and end users. In this paper, we introduce and discuss specific socio-technical, KES-oriented measures which can potentially lead to sustainable KES throughout the ERP life-cycle for longer-term success.
Simulation has been widely used as a training tool in multiple industries. Due to the immersive and guided real-life experiences, learners can gain technical and non-technical skills in simulation-based training. However, despite the benefits of simulation-based training, research has shown that knowledge transfer may not be a guarantee. One possible explanation is how learning outcomes are assessed in current training programs using simulations. Therefore, in this report, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to understand the current research landscape related to simulation-based training programs and the learning assessments used in programs both in and outside the manufacturing industry. Based on our findings, more research is needed in simulation-based training in manufacturing and the learning assessment related to these training programs. Future research should focus on expanding the data collection to multiple databases and taking a more qualitative look into the current literature by conducting a systematized literature review.Keywordsbibliometric analysissimulation-based trainingmanufacturinglearning assessment
