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Contact angle measurements for stainless steel plate after cleaning with distilled water and nitrogen nanobubble dispersion (a) Contamination 1 (b) Contamination 2 (c) Contamination 3 (d) Contamination 4 In Figure 3 one can see the effects of cleaning stainless steel plate using nanobubbles of nitrogen. Obtained cleaning effectiveness is not as good as in case of the glass slide what may correspond to higher roughness of the steel plate surface. Also, the effectiveness is decreasing along with decrease of contamination concentration. What is interesting, for Contamination 4 (Figure 3d) the contact angle is nearly constant.
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Surface cleaning is extremely important topic in various industrial and laboratorial applications. Cleaning agents should fulfil numerous requirements, including effectiveness, leaving minimal amount of residue as well as being able to clean different surfaces and contaminants. In this work, the nanobubble dispersions were tested for cleaning of tw...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... there is no decrease in the contact angle after the subsequent cleanings. Figure 3 one can see the effects of cleaning stainless steel plate using nanobubbles of nitrogen. Obtained cleaning effectiveness is not as good as in case of the glass slide what may correspond to higher roughness of the steel plate surface. ...
Context 2
... the effectiveness is decreasing along with decrease of contamination concentration. What is interesting, for Contamination 4 ( Figure 3d) the contact angle is nearly constant. (Figure 4a-c) the effects of cleaning are similar to ones obtained for nitrogen nanodispersion but the nitrogen nanodispersion displays slightly better effectiveness (contact angles closer to the value of clean slide). ...
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Citations
The influence of the charge treatment by ultrahigh dilution (UHD) technology on oxide single crystals grown by the Czochralski technique was studied for monoclinic MgMoO4 crystals doped by 1 at. % of Nd3+ ions. The series of 10 Nd:MgMoO4 crystals was grown from the charges that were subjected to UHD treatment, as well as from the charges treated with two types of control or with no special treatment at all. The grown crystals were studied by X-ray powder diffraction analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, mass-spectrometry, optical absorption, emission spectroscopy and luminescence kinetic analysis. We found that: (i) wetting of MgO + MoO3 mixture by a water-ethanol solution before calcining leads to some enrichment of the mixture with MoO3, whereas the wetting of the charge after the calcining leads to some enrichment of it with MgO; (ii) congruent melting composition of MgMoO4 crystal is in the field of some MoO3 excess; (iii) the solid-phase solubility of the excess MoO3 in MgMoO4 probably does not depend on temperature, whereas the solid-phase solubility of the excess MgO in MgMoO4 crystal depends on temperature. We suggest that the corresponding solidus line passes through the range of retrograde solubility; (iv) the crystals grown within this range are characterized by the enhanced Nd3+ segregation coefficient between the crystal and the melt (approximately 0.006 versus 0.004); (v) unit cell parameters of MgMoO4 crystal with the excess of MoO3 are larger than those of the crystal of the stoichiometric composition and of the crystal with the excess of MgO; (vi) the shapes of the optical absorption and luminescence spectra of Nd:MgMoO4 crystal do not depend on the charge treatment; (vii) luminescence decay kinetics are single-exponential for all the studied crystals, the luminescence decay time being different for the crystals grown from the charges that underwent different types of treatment; (viii) the luminescence intensity of Nd:MgMoO4 crystal grown from the charge that underwent UHD treatment before calcining (solid-phase synthesis) is reduced by an order of magnitude in comparison with the other studied crystals.
