Fig 4 - uploaded by Khoa Dang Hoang
Content may be subject to copyright.
Constant torque curves of tested IPMSM. (a) As a function of id and Im. (b) As a function of id and ψs. 

Constant torque curves of tested IPMSM. (a) As a function of id and Im. (b) As a function of id and ψs. 

Source publication
Article
Full-text available
In this paper, an online control method of interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) drives for traction applications considering machine parameter and inverter nonlinearities is presented. It is shown that the conventional technique using parameter information instantly extracted from premeasured parameter look-up tables (LUTs) only de...

Contexts in source publication

Context 1
... ψ m (i q ). Based on Fig. 4, two general characteristics of IPMSM with parameter nonlinearities are outlined as follows Remark 1: For a demanded torque in the low-speed region, a number of possible combinations of dq-axis currents together with their relevant machine parameters shown in Fig. 3 can be utilized, Fig. 4(a). Although only one unique combination can ...
Context 2
... ψ m (i q ). Based on Fig. 4, two general characteristics of IPMSM with parameter nonlinearities are outlined as follows Remark 1: For a demanded torque in the low-speed region, a number of possible combinations of dq-axis currents together with their relevant machine parameters shown in Fig. 3 can be utilized, Fig. 4(a). Although only one unique combination can be employed to achieve the global MTPA operation, current magnitudes of this global MTPA point and the other combinations locating in the small segment around this global MTPA point (named as MTPA small segment) are almost similar (e.g. zooming of the 70Nm MTPA small segment). If the ...
Context 3
... 2: Under a demanded torque, the reduction of the stator flux magnitude via increasing of d-axis current, Fig. 4(b), results in a parabolic trendline for the current magnitude of which the minimum point is the global MTPA point, Fig. 4(a). Thus, the flux reference variation within the MTPA small segment results in almost similar current magnitude (e.g. zooming of the 70Nm MTPA small segments). This phenomenon is simply based on the general ...
Context 4
... 2: Under a demanded torque, the reduction of the stator flux magnitude via increasing of d-axis current, Fig. 4(b), results in a parabolic trendline for the current magnitude of which the minimum point is the global MTPA point, Fig. 4(a). Thus, the flux reference variation within the MTPA small segment results in almost similar current magnitude (e.g. zooming of the 70Nm MTPA small segments). This phenomenon is simply based on the general demagnetization characteristic of ...

Similar publications

Article
Full-text available
To prevent motor failures caused by thermal overloading, accurate knowledge of stator winding temperature is of significance. The proposed stator winding temperature tracking is a stator resistance‐based estimation technique for dual three‐phase permanent magnet synchronous machines. In the proposed approach, a dual DC signal‐injection‐based method...
Article
Full-text available
In the paper a non-regenerative braking scheme for high speed Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM)drive is presented. Due to price constraints, general purpose electric drives with IPMSMs are not equipped with a drive converterwhich allows energy recovery to the primary source. These drives are usually used for driving strictly react...
Article
Full-text available
Here, a simplified predictive torque control strategy based on discrete duty cycle technology is proposed for the voltage source inverter permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system. Combining the discrete duty cycle technology, the candidate vectors are synthesised by two adjacent active vectors and zero vectors, and meanwhile, the duty cycles...
Article
Full-text available
This paper presents a torque error compensation algorithm for a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) through real time permanent magnet (PM) flux linkage estimation at various temperature conditions from medium to rated speed. As known, the PM flux linkage in SPMSMs varies with the thermal conditions. Since a maximum torque...

Citations

... S YNCHRONOUS machines, including permanent-magnet (PM) and synchronous reluctance machines (SyRMs), are increasing their share in industrial drives. For these machines, current-based vector control schemes have been conventionally used [1]- [4]. In saturable machines, the closed-loop current control becomes nonlinear, which has been considered in more recent works on current-vector control [5], [6]. ...
Preprint
Full-text available
This paper develops a design framework for sensorless flux-vector control of synchronous machine drives. Observer-based volts-per-hertz (V/Hz) control is presented as a special case in this framework. A complete linearized model is derived, which allows systematic control design and stability analysis. Using the model, passivity conditions are derived. The control methods are experimentally evaluated using a 6.7-kW synchronous reluctance machine (SyRM) and a 2.2-kW permanent-magnet (PM) machine as examples.
... S YNCHRONOUS machines, including permanent-magnet (PM) and synchronous reluctance machines (SyRMs), are increasing their share in industrial drives. For these machines, flux-vector control [1]- [3] has advantages over conventional current-based vector control schemes [4]- [6]. Since the statorflux magnitude and the electromagnetic torque (or torqueproducing current) are used as the control variables, the computation of optimal control trajectories and the implementation of field-weakening operation becomes simpler. ...
... S YNCHRONOUS machines, including permanent-magnet (PM) and synchronous reluctance machines (SyRMs), are increasing their share in industrial drives. For these machines, flux-vector control [1]- [3] has advantages over conventional current-based vector control schemes [4]- [6]. Since the statorflux magnitude and the electromagnetic torque (or torqueproducing current) are used as the control variables, the computation of optimal control trajectories and the implementation of field-weakening operation becomes simpler. ...
... In [22][23][24], FEA is used to computed flux linkages on dand q-axis as a function of current. In [25] a lumped-parameter model was developed, while in [26] a model-based correction method using stator flux adjustment is proposed. ...
Article
Full-text available
Interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines are widely spreading in automotive and vehicle traction applications, because of their high efficiency over a wide speed range. This capability can be achieved by appropriated control strategies: Maximum Torque per Ampere (MTPA), Flux Weakening (FW) and Maximum Torque per Volt (MTPV). However, these control trajectories are often based on an simplified magnetic model of the electrical machine. In order to improve the evaluation of machine output capabilities, nonlinear magnetic behavior must be modeled. This is not only related to the final application with a given drive and control structure, but also during the design process of the electric machine. In the design process, the output torque Vs. speed characteristic must be calculated following MTPA, MTPV and FW in the most accurate way to avoid significant error. This paper proposes a set of algorithms to compute MTPA, FW and MTPV curves for interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines taking into account the machines’ nonlinearities caused by iron saturation and compares differed approaches to highlight the torque–speed capabilities for the same machine following different methods. The algorithms are based on the maps of the equivalent inductances of a reference interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine and inductances maps were obtained via 2-D Finite Element Analysis over the machine’s operating points in id−iq reference plane. The effects of different 2-D finite element methods are also computed by both standard nonlinear magnetostatic simulations and Frozen Permeability simulations. Results show that the nonlinear model computed via frozen permeability is more accurate than the conventional linear and nonlinear models computed via standard magnetostatic simulations; for this reason, during the electrical machine design, it is important to check the expected performance employing a complete inductance map and frozen permeability.
... Permanent magnet synchronous motor/generator (PMSM/G) are proper for use in hybrid propulsion due to their high power density and efficiency [21]. The AFT-PMSM speed is controlled using a flux-weakening controller [21]. ...
... Permanent magnet synchronous motor/generator (PMSM/G) are proper for use in hybrid propulsion due to their high power density and efficiency [21]. The AFT-PMSM speed is controlled using a flux-weakening controller [21]. Also, the torque of the Hybrid-PMSM/G is controlled by the typical flux weakening or quasi-global maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control, depending on the turbine speed [21]. ...
... The AFT-PMSM speed is controlled using a flux-weakening controller [21]. Also, the torque of the Hybrid-PMSM/G is controlled by the typical flux weakening or quasi-global maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control, depending on the turbine speed [21]. In the 4 > REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR MANUSCRIPT ID NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < event of failure or malfunction of the turbine, its speed may deviate from the desired value and be less than the base speed of Hybrid-PMSM/G. ...
Article
Modeling and control of hybrid-electric propulsion systems (HEPSs) is a challenging area, in particular for regional aircraft. In this research, modeling and rule-based control design for a hybrid-electrified aircraft are presented. For this purpose, real data from the ATR 42-600 as well as the modified CT7-9 turboprop engine, commercial electric machines, and battery experimental characteristics have been used to size a new version of hybrid-electric regional aircraft. Based on the dynamic modeling of HEPS, practical controllers are then designed for the turboprop engine and electric machines. It should be noted that one of the critical tasks of the control strategy for hybrid-electric propulsion is to ensure the aircraft’s safe landing. In this study, a rule-based tunable regulator is proposed to modify the conventional optimal control strategy to achieve the aircraft’s required performance over a real flight mission, in particular, to fulfill the safe landing of aircraft using the remaining SOC in the event of all-turbine failure. Finally, the results demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective at minimizing fuel consumption when HEPS requirements, such as battery SOC and turbine over-temperature, are fulfilled at different phases of the flight mission.
... The S/G system may simplify the power generation system by reducing the complexity of the mechanical subsystem, especially in aerospace and automotive applications, which would result in increased reliability and reduced overall weight [10]. Among its counterparts, high-speed permanent magnet starter/generators (PMS/Gs) have been a popular candidate due to their high power density and flexible bidirectional operation, which contributes to high instant power/torque output and better efficiency over a wide speed range [11][12][13][14]. ...
Article
Full-text available
With the electrification trend of future aircraft, high-speed permanent magnet starters/generators (PMSs/Gs) will potentially be widely used in onboard generation systems due to their high power density and high efficiency. However, the per-unit reactance of such high-speed machines is normally designed to be very low due to limited onboard power supply voltage and large electrical power demand, which can result in large current ripples in the machine and thus large torque ripples especially when the machine is fed with a semiconductor-based inverter of a lower switching frequency. The torque ripples may further lead to speed oscillation and generate severe vibrations and noises that are harmful to the mechanical system and human beings around. In this article, a speed/torque ripple reduction method for high-speed PMS/Gs with a low inductance is proposed to improve their performance within a wide speed range. An active damping technique is applied to the speed loop to increase the anti-disturbance capability and generate a smoother reference for the current loop, whereas an adaptive output voltage saturation limit is utilized for the current loop to limit the peak value of current to prevent overcurrent and torque spikes. The parameter tuning criteria are derived through a thorough analysis. Finally, the proposed method is validated on a high-speed PMS/G with an inductance of 99 $\mu \text{H}$ . The results show that the speed ripples and torque ripples are reduced by over 50% within a speed range of 2–14 krpm.
... However, the current polarity is needed for judging the compensation condition, and the parasitic capacitance is not analyzed. From [16], the pulsebased deadtime compensation is researched instead of using current polarity. However, the compensation model is established based on the linear approximation, and the compensation performance will deteriorate under low load conditions. ...
... However, the compensation model is established based on the linear approximation, and the compensation performance will deteriorate under low load conditions. From [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], the current polarity problems are mainly researched. However, the influence of parasitic capacitance is not considered, which will lead to a compensation error under light load conditions. ...
Article
Full-text available
To realize the high-performance control of a servo system, parameter accuracy is very important for the design of the controller. Thus, the online parameter identification method has been widely researched. However, the nonlinearity of the inverter will lead to an increase in resistance identification error and the fluctuation of inductance identification results. Especially in the low-speed region, the influence of the inverter is more obvious. In this paper, an offline neural network is proposed considering the parasitic capacitance to identify the nonlinearity of the inverter. Based on the Kirchhoff equation in the static state of the motor, the nonlinear voltage equation is established, and the gradient direction of the weight coefficients has been re-derived. Using the gradient descent method, the identification error can converge to zero. Moreover, the d-axis voltage equation is established considering the nonlinearity of the inverter and an online adaptive observer was proposed. Based on the Lyapunov equation, the adaptive laws are derived. Further, the decoupling of the deadtime voltage and resistance voltage is realized by using the result of neural network identification. With the proposed algorithm, nonlinear identification of the inverter characteristics is realized, and the resistance and inductance identification accuracy in the low-speed region is improved. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified through experimental results.
... The speed PI loop gives the reference of q-current reference according to the error of speed and reference speed, and the dcurrent reference is set according to the MPTA scheme [30]. Then, the DBCC control law is based on the voltage equations which control the currents in d-and q-axis directly. ...
... The first step is to determine the reference fundamental currents without flux-weakening operation. The reference q-axis current i * q(k) is given by the outer loop speed PI controller and the reference d-axis current i * d|MT P A(k) is given by the MTPA algorithm in [30]. ...
Article
Full-text available
This article proposes a novel flux weakening scheme for five-phase PMSM with active harmonic currents injection. The conventional flux weakening control schemes applied in the five-phase PMSM do not consider the voltage limit drop in the fundamental subspace due to the harmonic current controller. Thus, the derivation between the reference current trajectory and actual current trajectory would cause the current distortion when applying deadbeat current controller (DBCC). This article analyses the precise voltage limit circles considering the voltage drop caused by the resistance and harmonic currents control at first. Then, a feed-forward flux weakening control algorithm is designed to optimize the current trajectory online. The gradient descent method is used to ensure the converge speed and stability of the optimized current trajectory. Thirdly, the peak value of phase currents would be clipped by the harmonic currents to prevent the inverter current limit, where a new non-linear harmonic current controller is designed to precisely control the harmonic currents. Finally, the DBCC and modified SVPWM technology are utilized to generate the duty cycle. The proposed improved flux weakening control strategy is successfully implemented in an interior five-phase PMSM, and the performance demonstrate the effectiveness of this strategy.
... Feedback schemes [45,46] implement a feedback on the inverter reference voltages to reach the FW operation. This topology is also known as robust, to further highlight the key benefit with respect to feed-forward architectures. ...
Article
Full-text available
This paper deals with motor design aspects and control strategies for the flux-weakening (FW) operation of synchronous motors. The theory of FW is described by taking into account different control schemes. The advantages and drawbacks of each one are discussed, as well. Moreover, some motor design considerations for achieving an effective FW operation are illustrated for permanent magnet (PM), wound rotor (WR) and reluctance (REL) synchronous machines, using the per unit approach. The distinguishing characteristic of this review provides two-fold attention on both machine design and control strategies obtained by several collaborations with industrial and commercial companies.
... where c defines the controller cut-off frequency. The cutoff frequency can be selected as two times of machine's maximum speed [31]. It is noteworthy thatL d ,L q , andR s are the estimated parameters since the actual parameters can only be estimated. ...
Article
Full-text available
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM) have increasing popularity in recent years due to their extensive use in domestic appliances, electric/hybrid vehicles, wind power generation and more electric aircraft technologies. This paper proposes a unified drive system simulation for all types of PMSMs. Its unified structure achieves self controller tuning and decoupling compensation once a machine is replaced by another. Field oriented control based realistic drive is implemented with a much-simplified simulation. The proposed structure incorporates with parameter variations, inverter nonlinearities, and DC-link voltage variations as well as it simulates ideal system behavior. Each system nonlinearity can be simply studied for any machine by deliberately altering the corresponding parameter owing to its unified structure. Hence, the effect of that particular variation on harmonic distortions, torque ripples, torque production capability, battery utilization ratio, system efficiency, system response and so on can be analyzed in detail. Thus, the novel implementation strategy will be quite useful to analyze the system behavior under different evaluation metrics, and it will accelerate the research and developments on the promising topic. The effectiveness of the strategy has been verified by extensive simulations.