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Conidium of Chaetendophragmia fasciata. Figure 2. Conidium of Henicospora minor. Figures 3-4. Pseudodictyosporium wauense. 3. Branched conidiophores and conidia. 4. Detail of conidia with adpressed cells. Figures 5-6. Sporidesmium filiferum. 5. Conidiophore and imature conidium without appendage. 6. Mature conidium with appendage.
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Hyphomycetes on Caesalpinia echinata Lam. leaf litter: new records to Brazil). During a survey of decomposing Hyphomycetes associated with leaf litter of Caesalpinia echinata Lam., cultivated at the Instituto de Botânica, Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, municipality of São Paulo, SP, four new records from Brazil were isolated: Chaetendophra...
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Hyphomycetes were abundant on plant debris and play a part on decomposition of these substrates. Samples of Caesalpinia echinata leaf litter were collected in two areas of State of São Paulo, at "Parque Municipal do Ibirapuera" and "Reserva Biológica de Mogi-Guaçu", from February 2005 to February 2006. The leaves were prepared by washing with seria...
Citations
... A number of researchers studied the fungal population in the Atlantic Forest litter seeking for the relations of litter fungi to plant species, time of the year and geographical location (Magalhães et al. 2011;Costa & Gusmão 2015;Santos et al. 2017;Santa Izabel & Gusmão 2018;Grandi & Silva 2003;Paulus et al. 2006;Morath et al. 2012). ...
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os fungos presentes na serapilheira das árvores Inga edulis e Lafoensia pacari. Foram realizadas três coletas no período de outubro de 2018 a julho de 2019, onde coletou-se 20 folhas em diferentes estágios de decomposição. As amostras de folhas foram lavadas em água corrente por uma hora e incubadas em câmaras úmidas, abertas 15 minutos diariamente, por um mês. As estruturas fúngicas microscópicas foram observadas e preparadas lâminas em PVLG e identificadas utilizando bibliografia específica. Foram identificados 48 táxons e 31 espécies de 23 gêneros associados às folhas da serapilheira das árvores mencionadas. Do total de táxons, um representa nova referência para as Américas: Cryptophiale hamulata e Actinocymbe sp. sendo possivelmente, uma nova espécie. Vermiculariopsiella pediculata é uma nova referência para o Brasil. A abundância de espécies identificadas está dentro da faixa de espécies encontrada na serapilheira de várias plantas em outras regiões do Brasil, porém alguns correspondem a novos registros geográficos, demonstrando que a micota presente na serapilheira das florestas brasileiras ainda não está totalmente desvendada. Todos os fungos identificados são novos registros para as duas plantas hospedeiras.Palavras-chave: Fungos decompositores, substrato vegetal, taxonomia.Survey and new records of fungi associated with the litter of Inga edulis and Lafoensia pacari in the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Bahia¹A B S T R A C TThis study aimed to evaluate the fungi present in the litter of Inga edulis and Lafoensia pacari trees. Three collections were carried out from October 2018 to July 2019, where 20 leaves in different stages of decomposition were collected. The leaves were washed in running water for one hour and incubated in moist chambers, opened 15 minutes daily, for one month. The microscopic fungal structures were observed and slides prepared in PVLG and identify specific bibliography. Forty-eight taxa and 31 species of 23 genera associated with litter leaves of the mentioned trees were identified. Make the total of taxa, one represents a new reference for the Americas: Cryptophiale hamulata and Actinocymbe sp. possibly being a new species. Vermiculariopsiella pediculata is a new reference for Brazil. The abundance of identified species is within the range of species found in the litter of several plants in other regions of Brazil, but there are few geographic records, demonstrating that the mycota present in the litter of Brazilian forests is not yet fully unveiled. All identified fungi are new records for the two host plants.Keywords: Decomposing fungi, plant substrate, taxonomy.
... A number of researchers studied the fungal population in the Atlantic Forest litter seeking for the relations of litter fungi to plant species, time of the year and geographical location (Magalhães et al. 2011;Costa & Gusmão 2015;Santos et al. 2017;Santa Izabel & Gusmão 2018;Grandi & Silva 2003;Paulus et al. 2006;Morath et al. 2012). ...
The Ascomycota population in the litter of Inga edulis and Lafoensia pacari trees was identified and its richness was evaluated. The collections were carried out from October 2018 to July 2019. Twenty fallen leaves were collected in different stages of decomposition. The leaf samples were carefully washed in running water and incubated in humid chambers. The fungal structures were mounted in PVLG resin and observed under a light microscope. The identification was done by consulting the specific literature. Distribution studies included richness, frequency, constancy, and similarity of the fungal populations. The total richness was 48 species and 36 genera corresponding to 58.33% in I. edulis and 60.41% in L. pacari. Most taxa had sporadic frequency and accidental constancy. There was low similarity between plant species. Ascomycota populations are well represented in Inga edulis and Lafoensia pacari litter. Richness, frequency, constancy, and similarity of these populations varied little in function of the collection date, climate and host plant. Lower richness observed in the second collection may reflect the effect of reduced humidity observed in that time of the year.
... Este último processo ocorre entre 48 a 72 horas após a incubação. Maia (1983), além do isolamento dos fungos em meios de cultura, também realizou a incubação de substratos em câmara úmida, enquanto que Schoenlein-Crusius e Milanez (1998) (2008) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Silva e Grandi (2008) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Silva e Grandi (2008) Grandi e Silva (2003Silva ( , 2006; Silva e Grandi (2008) Silva e Grandi (2008) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006); Silva e Grandi (2008) Silva e Grandi (2008) Grandi e Silva (2003Silva ( , 2006 Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999 Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999 Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999 Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999 Continuação da Tabela 1. ...
... Este último processo ocorre entre 48 a 72 horas após a incubação. Maia (1983), além do isolamento dos fungos em meios de cultura, também realizou a incubação de substratos em câmara úmida, enquanto que Schoenlein-Crusius e Milanez (1998) (2008) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Silva e Grandi (2008) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Silva e Grandi (2008) Grandi e Silva (2003Silva ( , 2006; Silva e Grandi (2008) Silva e Grandi (2008) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006); Silva e Grandi (2008) Silva e Grandi (2008) Grandi e Silva (2003Silva ( , 2006 Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Grandi e Silva (2006) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Barbosa et al. (2009) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999 Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999 Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999 Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999) Grandi (1999 Continuação da Tabela 1. ...
The conidial fungi have significant importance in the plant debris decomposition. In Brazil, several studies have been conducted with this group and in some of them was possible to relate the plant species to the fungal species associated. This work aimed to make a checklist, based on the literature, of conidial fungi associated with leaf litter from 14 plant species found in Brazil’s natural ecosystems. The methodologies used in different studies analyzed were compared.
Key words: anamorphic fungi, taxonomy, fungal diversity and succession.
... Previous work by other groups identified 43 taxa belonging to Hyphomycetes and three belonging to Coelomycetes in leaf litter of C. echinata Lam. (Grandi & Silva 2003, 2006. They reported the presence of Epicoccum nigrum as an anamorphic fungi (Grandi & Silva 2006). ...
Aiming to identify new sources of bioactive secondary metabolites, we isolated 82 endophytic fungi from stems and barks of the native Brazilian tree Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Fabaceae). We tested their ethyl acetate extracts in several in vitro assays. The organic extracts from three isolates showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli [minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 32-64 μg/mL]. One isolate inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhimurium (MIC 64 μg/mL) and two isolates inhibited the growth of Klebsiella oxytoca (MIC 64 μg/mL), Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis (MIC 64-128 μg/mL). Fourteen extracts at a concentration of 20 μg/mL showed antitumour activities against human breast cancer and human renal cancer cells, while two isolates showed anti-tumour activities against human melanoma cancer cells. Six extracts were able to reduce the proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating some degree of selective toxicity. Four isolates were able to inhibit Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and one isolate inhibited Trypanosoma cruzi by at least 40% at 20 μg/mL. The trypanocidal extract obtained from Fusarium sp. [KF611679] culture was subjected to bioguided fractionation, which revealed beauvericin as the compound responsible for the observed toxicity of Fusarium sp. to T. cruzi. This depsipeptide showed a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 1.9 μg/mL (2.43 μM) in a T. cruzi cellular culture assay.
... Os esporos e corpos frutíferos de fungos foram fotomicrografados e identificados. As descrições morfológicas e identificações taxonômicas basearam-se em bibliografias especializadas, tais como VAN GEEL (1978), VAN GEEL et al. (1980), PALS et al. (1980, SILVEIRA (1981), LORSCHEITTER (1984), HERRERA & ULLOA (1990), GARCIA (1994), CARVALHO (1996), GARCIA (1997), NEVES (1998), , GRANDI & SILVA (2003) Em cada amostra foram contados 300 espo- ros de fungos variados, concomitantemente ao esporo exótico de Lycopodium clavatum, utilizado como marcador. Os resultados obtidos foram apre- sentados sob a forma de diagramas, construídos a partir dos programas Tilia e Tilia Graph (GRIMM 1987). ...
THE PALEOENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE OF FUNGAL
PALYNOMORPHS IN A QUATERNARY PEAT FROM THE MIDDLE PARAÍBA DO
SUL RIVER VALLEY, SP, BRAZIL. This study deals with spores, conidia and hyphae
of fungi present in a peatbog core from the Eugenio de Melo district, middle Paraíba
do Sul River Valley in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Dated between 11,240 to 300 cal.
years BP, the core comprises parts of two sedimentary cycles separated by a hiatus of
about 7,000 years. Palynomorphs were extracted following standard procedures with
the dissolution of mineral components and elimination of humid acids, followed by
acetolysis. A total of 210 fungal palynomorphs were identified based on comparison with fossil and modern genera and species with the aim of determining their paleocological significance; diagrams were prepared of 40 palynomorphs selected as representative of the diversity of the assemblage which allowed three intervals to be estalished: Interval I between 360 and 190 cm depths with ages between 11,240 cal. yr BP and 8,930 years BP (interpolated age); Interval II between 191 and 110 cm depths and > 718 and 550 years BP (interpolated) in age; and interval III between 110 and 0 cm depths dated between 550 years BP (interpolated) and the present.The majority of the taxa found in this study are saprophytes, followed by leaf parasites as well as pathogens and fecal decomposers. The fungal spore assemblages along the sediment profile indicate growth and preservation within a reducing environment containing abundant decaying organic matter. Some mycorrhizal spores are associated with Cyperaceae/Poaceae in wet environments and/or with Poaceae in waterlogged conditions, which is indicative of open vegetation in both cases. The occurrence of Ascodesmisites malayensis, a saprophyte on Cyperaceae leaves, in sediments dated from 11,240 cal. years BP and 10,800 years BP (interpolated age) confirms a soaked substrate or highest levels of water. Anatolinites, a pathogenic genus thriving on leaves of living plants, occurs at the beginning of interval II, after a hiatus of about 7,000 years BP, when the area was covered by forests. Plant parasites of woody substrates, such as Diporicellaesporites cf. D. liaoningensis and Diporicellaesporites sp. 9, indicate prevailing arboreal vegetation during the first cycle of organic matter deposition. The abundance of Monoporisporites sp. 6, a fecal decomposer, which has been related to the presence of herbivorous animals within the last 300 years, is likely related to anthropogenic activities in the modern peatbogs.
Keywords: Palynology; palynomorphs; fungal spores; Eugênio de Melo; Quaternary;
Brazil
... (HUEFS 130990). Distribuição geográfi ca: Brasil (Grandi & Silva 2003), Costa do Marfi m (Rambelli et al. 2004), Cuba (CastañedaRuiz 1985), Espanha, Holanda, Porto Rico, Taiwan (Stalpers 2007), Itália (Lunghini & Quadraccia 1991), Japão (Matsushima 1975), Papua-Nova Guiné (Matsushima 1971), Peru (Matsushima 1993), Venezuela (Castañeda-Ruiz et al. 2003b). Pseudodictyosporium Matsush. ...
... é um gênero monotípico descrito originalmente em folha em decomposição de Musa paradisiaca L. (Matasushima 1971). As características do espécime estudado estão de acordo com as descrições de Matsushima (1971 de Matsushima ( , 1975) e Grandi & Silva (2003 confi rmaram a sinonímia entre Kamatia indica e P. wauense proposta por Kirk et al. (2001) através da fi logenia molecular. Tsui et al. (2006) também indicaram que a diferença entre a região ITS de P. wauense e Cheiromoniliophora elegans Tzean & J.L. Chen não seria sufi ciente para manter Cheiromoniliophora como um gênero distinto. ...
... Tsui et al. (2006) sugerem que Dictyosporium Corda e os gêneros mencionados pertencem à Massarinaceae (Ascomycota). A espécie foi primeiramente reportada para o Brasil por Grandi & Silva (2003), sendo esta a primeira citação do táxon para o semi-árido brasileiro. Conidióforos macronemáticos, mononemáticos, retos ou fl exuosos, septados, simples, lisos, castanhos, ápices castanho-claros, 137,5-405 × 6-7 μm. ...
Um inventário de fungos conidiais foi realizado em seis áreas de extrema importância biológica no bioma Caatinga. Foram coletadas 74 espécies, sendo sete novos registros para o Brasil. Heliocephala zimbabweensis Decock, V. Robert & Masuka é reportada pela segunda vez para a ciência, Sporidesmium verrucisporum M.B. Ellis é um novo registro para o continente americano, Dicyma vesiculifera Piroz., Fusariella concinna (Syd.) S. Hughes, F. obstipa (Pollack) S. Hughes, Phaeostalagmus tenuissimus (Corda) W. Gams e Sporidesmiella claviformis P.M. Kirk são novos registros para a América do Sul. Falcocladium sphaeropedunculatum Crous & Alfenas, Myrmecridium schulzeri var. schulzeri (Sacc.) Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous, Pseudodictyosporium wauense Matsush., Repetophragma inflatum (Berk. & Ravenel) W.P. Wu são novos registros para o semi-árido brasileiro. Seis espécies foram reconhecidas como novos taxa, Brachysporiellina fecunda S.M. Leão, A.C. Cruz, R.F. Castañeda & Gusmão, Diplococcium verruculosum A.C. Cruz, Gusmão & R.F. Castañeda, Lobatopedis longistriatum A.C. Cruz, Gusmão, S.M. Leão-Ferreira & R.F. Castañeda, Subramaniomyces pulcher A.C. Cruz, Gusmão & R.F. Castañeda e foram publicadas separadamente. Os novos registros são descritos, ilustrados e comentados. Uma lista incluindo as demais espécies encontradas é apresentada.
... No sudeste investigações resultaram na descrição de novas espécies (Castañeda-Ruiz et al. 2001;Calduch et al. 2002). Recentemente em São Paulo, Grandi & Silva (2003; e Grandi (2004) . Schoenlein-Crusius et al. (2006) coletaram 125 espécies de fungos conidiais, sendo que oito foram reportados pela primeira vez para o Brasil. ...
... é um gênero monotípico descrito originalmente em folha em decomposição de Musa paradisiaca L. (Matasushima 1971). As características do espécime estudado estão de acordo com as descrições de Matsushima (1971Matsushima ( , 1975 e Grandi & Silva (2003). Tsui et al. (2006) confi rmaram a sinonímia entre Kamatia indica e P. wauense proposta por Kirk et al. (2001) através da fi logenia molecular. ...
... Tsui et al. (2006) sugerem que Dictyosporium Corda e os gêneros mencionados pertencem à Massarinaceae (Ascomycota). A espécie foi primeiramente reportada para o Brasil por Grandi & Silva (2003), sendo esta a primeira citação do táxon para o semi-árido brasileiro. Fig. 17-18 Conidióforos macronemáticos, mononemáticos, retos ou fl exuosos, septados, simples, lisos, castanhos, ápices castanho-claros, 137,5-405 × 6-7 μm. ...
Um inventário de fungos conidiais foi realizado em seis áreas de extrema importância biológica no bioma Caatinga. Foram coletadas 74 espécies, sendo sete novos registros para o Brasil. Heliocephala zimbabweensis Decock, V. Robert & Masuka é reportada pela segunda vez para a ciência, Sporidesmium verrucisporum M.B. Ellis é um novo registro para o continente americano, Dicyma vesiculifera Piroz., Fusariella concinna (Syd.) S. Hughes, F. obstipa (Pollack) S. Hughes, Phaeostalagmus tenuissimus (Corda) W. Gams e Sporidesmiella claviformis P.M. Kirk são novos registros para a América do Sul. Falcocladium sphaeropedunculatum Crous & Alfenas, Myrmecridium schulzeri var. schulzeri (Sacc.) Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous, Pseudodictyosporium wauense Matsush., Repetophragma inflatum (Berk. & Ravenel) W.P. Wu são novos registros para o semi-árido brasileiro. Seis espécies foram reconhecidas como novos taxa, Brachysporiellina fecunda S.M. Leão, A.C. Cruz, R.F. Castañeda & Gusmão, Diplococcium verruculosum A.C. Cruz, Gusmão & R.F. Castañeda, Lobatopedis longistriatum A.C. Cruz, Gusmão, S.M. Leão-Ferreira & R.F. Castañeda, Subramaniomyces pulcher A.C. Cruz, Gusmão & R.F. Castañeda e foram publicadas separadamente. Os novos registros são descritos, ilustrados e comentados. Uma lista incluindo as demais espécies encontradas é apresentada.
... (Grandi 1998;1999); Miconia cabussu Hoehne (Gusmão et al. 2001) e Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Grandi & Silva 2003 (Mendes et al. 1998), enquanto a segunda foi registrada como decompositora, em Trindade e Tobago (Ellis 1976). ...
In order to increase the diversity knowledge of conidial fungi, 10 dead leaves from three individuals of C. nemorosa and C. melchiorii were bimonthly collected at the "Serra da Jibóia", State of Bahia, from October/2005 to June/2006. The leaves were washed with tap water and maintained in moist chamber during 30 days. The fungal structures were collected for morphological studies. Seventy nine taxa of Ascomycota, in the anamorphic state were registered: 78 hyphomycete and one Coelomycete. Most of the species occurred on Clusia melchiorii (87%) and 55% on C. nemorosa. The majority of the fungi presented sporadical frequency and accidental constancy. The most frequent species were: Beltrania rhombica Penz., Chaetopsina fulva Rambelli, Dactylaria ficusicola Paulus, Gadek & Hyde, Verticillium theobromae (Turconi) Mason & Hughes e Volutella sp. 1 (on C. melchiorii) and Atroseptaphiale flagelliformis Matsush., Pseudobeltrania sp., Zygosporium gibbum (Sacc., Rousseau & Bommer) Hughes, Verticillium theobromae (Turconi) Mason & Hughes and Volutella sp. 1 (on C. nemorosa). The similarity of fungi between the two species of Clusia reached 60% and 11 taxa were constant in both hosts: Atrosetaphiale flagelliformis, Beltraniella portoricensis (Stevens) Piroz. & Patil, Chalara alabamensisJones & Ingram., Cryptophiale kakombensis Piroz., Parasympodiella laxa (Subram. & Vittal), Speiropsis scopiformis Kuthub. & Nawawi, Thozetella cristata Piroz. & Hodges, Umbellidion radulans Sutton & Hodges, Verticillium theobromae, Volutella sp. 2 and Zygosporium gibbum. The data show that the litter produced by C. melchiorii and C. nemorosa, at the Serra da Jibóia, is rich in conidial fungi. These fungi, as decomposers, are important for the dinamic of the studied ecosystem.
... Setas verrucosas e hialinas observadas, 168,5-433,6 × 5-7,5 µm. Nas descrições dessa espécie há menção para setas lisas (Gusmão & Grandi 1997), verrucosas (Gusmão 2003) ou sem informação quanto a verrucosidade (Matsushima 1993a, Pfenning 1993). Todas as outras características morfológicas concordaram com as descrições da espécie (Matsushima 1993a, Pfenning 1993, Gusmão & Grandi 1997, Domsch et al. 1993). ...
Hyphomycetes on leaf litter of Caesalpinia echinata Lam. with two new records from Brazil). Hyphomycetes were abundant on plant debris and play a part on decomposition of these substrates. Samples of Caesalpinia echinata leaf litter were collected in two areas of State of São Paulo, at "Parque Municipal do Ibirapuera" and "Reserva Biológica de Mogi-Guaçu", from February 2005 to February 2006. The leaves were prepared by washing with serial changes of sterile distilled water and incubated in moist chambers at environment temperature. Third-two Hyphomycetes were isolated. Of these, four species are described for the first time to Brazil, seven are new records to São Paulo State and seventeen are cited for the first time to Brazil-wood leaf litter. Key words: anamorphic fungi, Brazil-wood, diversity RESUMO -(Hyphomycetes sobre o folhedo de Caesalpinia echinata Lam. com duas novas citações para o Brasil). Hyphomycetes são freqüentemente isolados de material vegetal em decomposição participando ativamente da degradação de folhas. Folíolos de Caesalpinia echinata foram coletados em duas áreas no Estado de São Paulo: Parque Municipal do Ibirapuera e Reserva Biológica de Mogi-Guaçu, de fevereiro de 2005 a fevereiro de 2006. Os folíolos foram tratados pela técnica de lavagem sucessiva de substratos, colocados em câmaras-úmidas e deixados a temperatura ambiente. Trinta e dois Hyphomycetes foram isolados. Destes, quatro espécies são descritas pela primeira vez no Brasil, sete são novas para o Estado de São Paulo e dezessete são novas ocorrências nesse substrato. Palavras-chave: diversidade, fungos anamorfos, pau-brasil
... Recentemente, o folhedo de Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (pau-brasil) foi estudado, obtendo-se 46 fungos conidiais decompositores (Grandi & Silva 2003;2006). ...
... No caso das briófitas, o aparecimento dos fungos nos detritos foi mais demorado. Para o folhedo de A. triplinervia (Grandi 1998;Grandi & Attili 1996), C. echinata (Grandi & Silva 2003;2006) e E. edulis (Grandi 1999) uma semana de plaqueamento foi suficiente para início do aparecimento dos fungos enquanto que no presente estudo os detritos apresentaram-se até um mês sem fungos e a partir daí foi iniciado o desenvolvimento de hifas e depois o aparecimento de estruturas de reprodução. Sobre Atrichum androgynum e Lunularia cruciata ocorreram muitos Hyphomycetes enquanto que sobre Rhynchostegium sellowii e Sphagnum sp. ...
Bryophyte specimens were collected occasionally at the Botanical Institute, Fontes do Ipiranga State Park, São Paulo, SP and Paranapiacaba Biological Reserve, Santo André, SP, from September 2001 to February 2006, aiming to verify which Hyphomycetes take part in bryophyte decomposition. Eight species of bryophytes were collected and the technique of successive washing was applied to plant material to isolate the fungi. Seventeen taxa of Hyphomycetes were isolated. These fungi were previously recorded on leaf litter of vascular plants but this is the first time they are reported on bryophytes in Brazil. It is relevant to note that Arthrobotrys oligospora Fresen. and Monacrosporium aphrobrochum (Drechsler) Subram. were isolated and these fungi have structures to capture nematodes, showing that nematode predatory conidial fungi can occur on dead bryophytes.
