Figure 4 - uploaded by Hilda Victoria Silva-Rojas
Content may be subject to copyright.
Conidium germlings (a) and mycelia (b) showing formation of pedicellate appressoria. Scale bar of (a) applies for (b).
Source publication
The filamentous Ascomycota Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato is a fungus that has been reported worldwide as a causal agent of anthracnose disease in avocado and other crops. In Mexico, this species affects fruits from an early stage of development in the orchard until the post-harvest stage. Although fungicides are continuously applied to...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... of the morphological features coincided with those reported by Prihastuti et al. [39]. For all iso- lates, the growth of colonies on PDA media showed a dark brown color, becoming gray to dark gray at the center with age (Figure 3(a)). The aerial myce- lium was gray, dense, with visible conidia masses. Acervuli and setae were absent. The reverse side was grayish with a white halo of mycelium (Figure 3(b)). Conidia were (11.06À) 14 (À16.14) Â (3.19À) 4.03 (À4.89) mm (n ¼ 50), one-celled, smooth-walled, hyaline, cylindrical with obtuse to slightly rounded ends; the majority had two rounded guttules (Figure 3(c)). Conidial and mycelial appressoria formed on slide cultures were (7.68À) 8.46 (À9.62) Â (5.65À) 6.13 (À6.74) mm (n ¼ 30), brown to dark brown, ovoid for conidial appressoria and slightly obtuse at the tip, pedicellate, and irregular in shape for mycelial appressoria, often containing one or more guttules (Figure ...
Citations
... estas pérdidas hay que sumarle las que ocurren durante la cosecha y empacado que es alrededor del 6% por tonelada cosechada(Bustos y Moors, 2018). dothidea son las principales enfermedades poscosecha reportados en México (Silva-Rojas y Ávila-Quezada, 2011;Twizeyimana et al., 2013;Fuentes-Aragón et al., 2018).Presencia de hongos Patógenos del fruto durante el manejo poscosechaLa antracnosis causada por C. gloeosporioides, C. acutatum, C. boninense, C. godetiae, C. karstii y C. fructicola y la pudrición peduncular causada por L. theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum y Botryosphaeria Antracnosis se caracteriza por lesiones circulares de color café claro, cambiando a coloraciones más oscuras mientras se alarga y hunde rápidamente en la piel y pulpa del fruto durante la maduración, dando apariencia de pudrición, que difícilmente se detecta cuando el fruto de 'Hass' cambia de verde a negro en madurez de consumo (Figura 5)(Kimaru et 14 al., 2018). La pudrición peduncular inicia en el pedúnculo, cambia de color de verde a negro rápidamente, se ablanda y se disemina al interior por las haces vasculares, volviéndolas ...
En este trabajo se da a conocer el estado actual del manejo de la cosecha y postcosecha del aguacate ‘Hass’, con énfasis en el estado de Michoacán, así como
revisar el proceso de infección de los principales hongos patógenos que afectan su exportación.
... Anthracnose is a major constraint in tropical fruits, leading to huge economic losses during storage (Zakaria 2021). This disease is caused by multiple species of Colletotrichum that belong to complexes C. gloeosporioides, C. acutatum, and C. boninense (Silva-Rojas & Á vila-Quezada, 2011;Fuentes-Aragón et al., 2018;Soares et al., 2021). ...
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is an economically important fruit in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Anthracnose is the most common and serious postharvest disease of avocado fruits. The disease is caused by different species of Colletotrichum in different countries. In July to October 2021, the avocado fruits harvested from Danzhou city of China showed typical anthracnose symptoms during storage. The disease incidence reached 25.8%. The similar fungal colonies were isolated from the edges of lesions. The pathogen was identified as Colletotrichum siamense by morphological characters and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses with ITS region, CHS-1, ACT, TUB2 and ApMat gene sequences. This is the first report of C. siamense causing anthracnose on avocado fruits during storage in China.
... Setae and chlamydospores were not observed. The morphological and cultural characters of isolates coincided with those described by Prihastuti et al. (2009) andFuentes-Aragón et al. (2018), and they were identified as C. fructicola. ...
Mango anthracnose has been frequently occurred in Egypt during spring season. Disease symptoms were clearly observed on young leaves of mango cv. Keit, in Ismailia governorate. Isolation was done on Potato Dextrose Agar medium. The isolated fungi were initially identified as C. fructicola based on morphological criteria and their identity were confirmed based on molecular phylogenetic analysis of combined data set of ITS, GAPDH and ACT gene regions. Five isolates of C. fructicola were pathogenic to detached mango leaves cv. Keit. This species is a member of C. gloeosporioides species complex and previously misidentified as C. gloeosporioides in Egypt. The current study highlighted the importance of accurate identification of species in the context of disease management.
... En México, las enfermedades más importantes que afectan a los frutos y raíces de aguacate comprenden a la antracnosis (Fuentes-Aragón et al., 2018), la roña del aguacate (Elsinoe perseae) (Ávila-Quezada et al., 2002), anillamiento del aguacate (Martínez, 1977), cancro del tronco y ramas (Nectria galligena, Phytopthora boehmeriae, Physalospora persea y P. citrícola) (Coria 1985;Jiménez, 1987;Ramírez et al., 1996;, mancha de sol (Sunblotch viroid) (Téliz y Mora, 2015), pudrición suave por ganoderma (Ganoderma spp.) (Martínez, 1987) y por Armillaria (Armillaria spp.) (Morales, 1983), y tristeza del aguacate (P. cinnamomi) (Téliz et al., 1992). ...
... En países productores de aguacate es el principal problema en pre y postcosecha. En México, la antracnosis, asociada a diversas especies de Colletotrichum (Fuentes-Aragón et al., 2018), se manifiesta durante el desarrollo del fruto con climas cálidos con alta humedad relativa y prolongada . Por otro lado, la "muerte descendente" es una enfermedad provocada por un consorcio de hongos de la familia Botryosphaeriaceae, principalmente C. gloeosporioides (Ramírez et al., 2021), Lasiodiplodia theobromae y Neofusicoccum spp. ...
Un esfuerzo coordinado por CODESIN zona centro norte, en el 2019, en conjunto con el CIIDIR-IPN Unidad Sinaloa, CESAVESIN y productores cooperantes, permitió realizar un proyecto de investigación para establecer y monitorear huertos piloto de aguacate de al menos tres variedades comerciales con los objetivos de conocer el desempeño de las variedades Hass, Hass-Méndez y San Miguel, en seis distintos huertos ubicados en la zona centro norte de Sinaloa, durante los dos primeros años de vida de los árboles. Este proyecto permitió descubrir aquellos factores críticos para el crecimiento del cultivo, así como recoger experiencias, generar propuestas preventivas y de manejo, que permitan establecer futuros huertos productivos, con una mayor certeza. El presente documento recopila todas las experiencias adquiridas y conocimiento generado en el proyecto mencionado, que en conjunto con las experiencias de productores de distintos países, permiten aumentar las posibilidades de generar un cultivo viable y rentable en la región centro norte de Sinaloa. Cabe mencionar también que el alcance de este manual está limitado al establecimiento del cultivo y desarrollo de los dos primeros años de vida del huerto. No se tienen aún evidencias de la fase productiva de los árboles, que permitan sugerir estrategias de manejo de frutos en el árbol ni estimar aún rendimientos de producción por hectárea. A pesar de lo anterior, este manual resultará muy útil para productores con la intención de cultivar aguacate y, con base a reportes de productividad en otros estados, en los últimos capítulos de este documento se presentan estimaciones de costos y rentabilidad del cultivo.
... It is known that different species of Colletotrichum causes disease in many crops with necrotic tissue and sunken appearance symptoms 31,32,33 . Colony morphology with faster growth, cylindrical conidia with round ends are typical identifying characters for the C. fructicola 15,27,34,35 and similar morphology and the microscopic features were observed in the present study. ...
... Further ampli cation of ApMAT gene sequences and phylogenic analysis con rmed the pathogen as C. fructicola isolated from diseased large cardamom grown in Sikkim. In 2009 the C. fructicola -a lamentous Ascomycota of the C. gloeosporioides now it is identi ed as C. fructicola 35,38 . In the present study initially the causal organism was characterised as C. gloeosporioides complex. ...
... Now it is identi ed as a dominant pathogen of apple in Uruguay36,37 , strawberry in Japan and Korea 38,39 , sandy pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) in southern China40 , etc. Here it should be mentioned that the C. gloeosporioides, previously reported to cause different rot, anthracnose disease in numerous plants and crops worldwide, then reclassi ed and identi ed as C. fructicola, a member of C.gloeosporioides complex 27,35 . Moreover, in Korea at rst causal agent of strawberry anthracnose was reported as C. ...
Large cardamom ( Amommum subulatum Roxb.) a high valued spice crop grown in Sikkim Himalaya is now facing a devastating leaf blight disease that has brought down the yield drastically. Present study was focused on identification of this major fungal pathogen based on the morphological and molecular characterization. During this study infected leaves of large cardamom with blighted appearance were collected from all the four districts of Sikkim. The pathogen was isolated using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium, incubated at 25°C. The mycelium was septate, hyaline, and 2-4 µm wide. The conidiospores were cylindrical with both ends rounded, sometimes oblong. Length and breadth were 11-12 µm and 3-4 µm, respectively. On the basis colony morphology, growth and microscopic observations, out of the total 48 samples studied Colletotrichum sp. was identified from 14 samples . Based on phylogenetic analysis of the ITS4, ITS5 and ApMAT genes and phenotypic characters (colony morphology, microscopic features) the isolate (No. LC05) isolated from the sample collected from the village Assam Linzey, East Sikkim showed 100% homology with Colletotrichum fructicola from NCBI database. The pathogenicity of C. fructicola was also confirmed during the study. The fungal culture has been deposited at the NFCCI-ARI, Pune with an accession number NFCCI 4542 and the sequences have been deposited in NCBI GenBank with accession number (ITS) MN710587, (ApMAT) MW348934 respectively. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of C. fructicola causing blight disease of large cardamom. Also the finding is very important to improve the disease control strategies of this high valued cash crop.
... The only previous report for an anthracnose-causative agent in longan fruit identified C. fructicola, a species that could also infect papaya, rose apple, chili, and mango fruits, but not orange 7 . Compared to the strain of C. fructicola which caused anthracnose in Mexican avocados 19 , Colletotrichum sp. strain BKHCM colonies had a different appearance on PDA, although the shapes of their appressoria and conidia looked similar. ...
Introduction: Longan is a crop plant of very high economic value, and both its fruit and flower are beneficial for human health. Longan has been increasingly cultivated in Vietnam due to the increasing demand for domestic consumption as well as export of its fruit. However, the widespread emergence and spread of anthracnose, a group of fungal disease affecting a wide range of plant species, in longan has seriously affected both the longan fruit yield and quality in Vietnam. Current methods for the prevention of anthracnose in longan depend mainly on the use of fungicides which are very harmful to human health as well as disruptive to microbial community structures in different ecosystems. In order to obtain an environmentally friendly method of control for this disease, the agent causing anthracnose in longan must first be identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate and identify the causal anthracnose agent in longan in Vietnam. Methods: Experiments were first carried out with pieces of anthracnose longan leaves pressed onto the surface of potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated for days at 30◦C. Colonies, varying in appearance, were repeatedly isolated and purified on PDA agar, and the anthracnose-causing agent was initially recognized on the basis of colony characteristics and cell morphology. The suspected isolate was then tested for its ability to decompose healthy longan leaf in vitro, and its rDNA region was cloned and sequenced to determine its taxonomy. Antifungal activity testing was performed using the co-culture method. Results: We obtained a fungal isolate with septate hyphae, ovoid appressoria, and conidia (which were cylindrical in shape with rounded ends). This isolate showed a clear ability to decompose healthy longan leaves. At the molecular level, the isolate was determined to be a fungal species belonging to genus Colletotrichum, and therefore named Colletotrichum sp. strain BKHCM. We also found that its growth was inhibited when co-cultured with Streptomyces flaveus, an actinomycete originating from soil. Conclusion: For the first time, we isolated a fungal species belonging to genus Colletotrichum from anthracnose-infected longan leaves in Vietnam. We also showed that the growth of this fungus could potentially be biocontrolled.
... Some other studies conducted in different avocado-producing countries reported either the same species or different Colletotrichum species identified by Sharma et al. (2017) [91], to be responsible for avocado anthracnose. Fuentes-Aragón et al. (2018) [92] reported C. fructicola as the causal pathogen of avocado anthracnose in Hidalgo, Mexico and Giblin et al. (2018) [93] isolated and identified five species previously considered as C. gloeosporioides sensu lato from avocado fruit in eastern Australia: C. alienum, C. asianum, C. fructicola, C. karstii, and C. siamense. Shivas et al. (2016) [89] also reported the presence of C. alienum, C. fructicola, and C. siamense in avocado in Australia. ...
In tropical fruit crops, anthracnose is mainly caused by species belonging to the fungal genus, Colletotrichum. These phytopathogens can infect several parts of the fruit crops; however, infection during postharvest or ripening stages is responsible for major economic losses. Due to the formation of black to dark brown sunken lesions on the fruit surface, anthracnose reduces fruit quality and marketability. Among the most common tropical fruit crops susceptible to anthracnose are mango, papaya, banana, avocado, guava, and dragon fruit; these are economically relevant products in many developing countries. It is important to document that the newly recorded Colletotrichum spp. associated with fruit anthracnose can infect multiple hosts, but some species may be host-specific. By using multiple markers, many phylogenetic species of Colletotrichum have been reported as anthracnose-causing pathogens. Taking into account that disease management strategies strongly rely on adequate knowledge of the causative agents, updated information on Colletotrichum species and the hazard posed by the most recently identified species in tropical fruit plantations and harvested fruits becomes vital. Besides, the newly recorded species may be important for biosecurity and should be listed as quarantine pathogens, considering that tropical fruits are traded worldwide.
... En México, se ha encontrado a C. gloeosporioides, C. acutatum, C. boninense, C. godetiae, C. karstii y C. fructicola como las especies causantes de la antracnosis, mientras que para la pudrición peduncular se ha identificado a L. theobromae y Botryosphaeria dothidea (Silva-Rojas y Ávila-Quezada, 2011;Fuentes-Aragón et al., 2018). ...
México es el principal productor y exportador mundial de aguacate ‘Hass’. Por sus características nutricionales en la salud humana, el aguacate ‘Hass’ ha ganado gran popularidad alrededor del mundo. El objetivo de esta revisión fue conocer el estado actual del manejo de la cosecha y poscosecha del aguacate, así como, revisar el proceso de infección de los hongos Colletotrichum spp. y Lasiodiplodia theobromae, causantes de las enfermedades llamadas antracnosis y pudrición peduncular, respectivamente. Estas patologías se manifiestan durante la maduración poscosecha y almacenamiento. Actualmente, el principal medio de control de estos microorganismos es un complejo de los fungicidas azoxystrobin + fludioxonil, cuya aplicación se permite sólo para exportaciones a Estados Unidos de América. En México, sólo el estado de Michoacán puede exportar aguacate a los Estados Unidos de América, pero se busca aumentar las exportaciones hacia otros mercados internacionales e integrar otras regiones productoras, por lo que es necesario buscar alternativas de control de enfermedades en poscosecha. Mediante el conocimiento de los mecanismos intrínsecos de protección del fruto se podrían sentar las bases para desarrollar y evaluar nuevos modelos de control.
... In Mexico, C. gloeosporioides, C. acutatum, C. boninense, C. godetiae, C. karstii and C. fructicola have been found as the species causing anthracnose, while for pedicle rot, L. theobromae and Botryosphaeria dothidea (Silva-Rojas and Ávila-Quezada, 2011;Fuentes-Aragón et al., 2018). ...
Mexico is the world’s leading producer and exporter of avocado ‘Hass’. Due to its nutritional characteristics in human health, the avocado ‘Hass’ has gained great popularity around the world. The objective of this review was to know the current state of avocado harvest and post-harvest management, as well as to review the infection process of the fungi Colletotrichum spp. and Lasiodiplodia theobromae, which cause the diseases called anthracnose and pedicle rot, respectively. These pathologies manifest themselves during postharvest maturation and storage. Currently, the main means of control of these microorganisms is a complex of the fungicides azoxystrobin + fludioxonil, the application of which is allowed only for exports to the United States of America. In Mexico, only the state of Michoacán can export avocado to the United States of America, but it seeks to increase exports to other international markets and integrate other producing regions, so it is necessary to look for alternatives to control postharvest diseases. Through the knowledge of the intrinsic protection mechanisms of the fruit, the bases could be laid to develop and evaluate new control models.
... En México, se ha encontrado a C. gloeosporioides, C. acutatum, C. boninense, C. godetiae, C. karstii y C. fructicola como las especies causantes de la antracnosis, mientras que para la pudrición peduncular se ha identificado a L. theobromae y Botryosphaeria dothidea (Silva-Rojas y Ávila-Quezada, 2011;Fuentes-Aragón et al., 2018). ...
Mexico is the world’s leading producer and exporter of avocado ‘Hass’. Due to its nutritional characteristics in human health, the avocado ‘Hass’ has gained great popularity around the world.
The objective of this review was to know the current state of avocado harvest and post-harvest management, as well as to review the infection process of the fungi Colletotrichum spp. and Lasiodiplodia theobromae, which cause the diseases called anthracnose and pedicle rot,
respectively. These pathologies manifest themselves during postharvest maturation and storage.
Currently, the main means of control of these microorganisms is a complex of the fungicides azoxystrobin + fludioxonil, the application of which is allowed only for exports to the United States of America. In Mexico, only the state of Michoacán can export avocado to the United States of America, but it seeks to increase exports to other international markets and integrate other producing regions, so it is necessary to look for alternatives to control postharvest diseases. Through the knowledge of the intrinsic protection mechanisms of the fruit, the bases could be laid to develop and evaluate new control models.
