Fig 4 - uploaded by Guozhu Zhao
Content may be subject to copyright.
Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia of Canalisporium kenyense on natural substrate. A–B, G, Conidia and conidiogenous cells. Arrows show the detached conidia with a single, subhyaline basal cell. C, F, H, Conidia with vesiculate basal cells. E, Conidia with three small basal cells arranged in one row (arrowed). Bars = 10 μm.
Source publication
Studies on Cancellidium and Canalisporium in China has yielded 6 taxa. They are Cancellidium applanatum, Canalisporium caribense, C. elegans, C. kenyense, C. microsporum and C. nigrum. Canalisporium microsporum sp. nov.,
is characterized by brown, small conidia with two rows of cells, and conspicuous constrictions at the septa. Canalisporium nigrum...
Similar publications
Fusiconidium mackenziei sp. nov. and Fusiconidium aquaticum sp. nov., isolated from a dead branch of Clematis vitalba in Italy and a submerged decaying wood in China respectively, are described and illustrated. The new taxa are characterized by having rhexolytic conidial secession, percurrently proliferating conidiophores, with enteroblastic conidi...
Citations
... dictyosporous, flattened, usually ellipsoidal to ovate conidia, composed of many parallel columns of cells, and with a distinctive darker basal part near the attachment of conidiophore (Plate 1, figures 1-3, 5; see also Potoni� e and Sah 1960, pl. 4, figs. 32-33) -can be clearly seen in modern Cancellidium (Zhao et al. 2012;Dong et al. 2021;Hyde et al. 2021). The key feature, however, allowing us to assign L. intergranifer to Cancellidium is the presence of remains of monilioid cells inside of the conidium of L. intergranifer from Tomisławice (Plate 1, figure 4). ...
... Besides Cancellidium, a similarity between the fossil Lirasporis intergranifer and conidia of modern representatives of the anamorphic genus Mycoenterolobium Goos can be observed. However, in Cancellidium conidia have cells arranged in parallel, adherent rows and contain chains of monilioid cells, contrary to Mycoenterolobium whose conidia have rows of cells radiating in a fan-shaped pattern from a basal cell, with no monilioid cells inside (Seifert et al. 2011;Zhao et al. 2012;Calabon et al. 2020). Lirasporis intergranifer also shows some similarities to conidia of some modern representatives of helicosporous anamorphic fungi of the genus Xenosporium Penz. ...
Fungal palynomorph corresponding to the fossil-species Lirasporis intergranifer R. Potonié & S.C.D. Sah, from the Middle Miocene lignite mine from Tomisławice (central Poland), was considered as a new combination Cancellidium intergraniferum (R. Potonié & S.C.D. Sah) G. Worobiec & E. Worobiec, comb. nov. Fossil-genus Lirasporis is treated as synonym of modern Cancellidium genus. C. intergraniferum from the Miocene of Poland documents the first fossil record of the Cancellidium Tubaki genus outside Asia, the first record of this genus from Europe, and the northernmost known fossil occurrence of Cancellidium. Living representatives of Cancellidium seem to prefer warm and humid climates and being aero-aquatic hyphomycetes are usually associated with decaying woody remains in aquatic environment. Similar ecology is suggested for the fossil C. intergraniferum, which could be a reliable fungal non-pollen palynomorph proxy for palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.
... Canalisporium, Phragmocephala, and cf. Berkleasmium (Supplementary Table 2 and Figures 3, 5, 7A) suggest a tropical environment and humid local conditions, with forests and freshwater habitats (Holubová-Jechová, 1987;Yip, 1988;Chen and Tzean, 2010;Zhao et al., 2012;Hüseyin et al., 2014;Su et al., 2015). These results concur with the paleoclimatic reconstructions for Mae Moh that indicate tropical and wet environments during the Serravallian [MAT: 26.3 • C (19.2-27.9 ...
The middle Miocene Climate Optimum (MMCO) was the warmest interval of the last 23 million years and is one of the best analogs for proposed future climate change scenarios. Fungi play a key role in the terrestrial carbon cycle as dominant decomposers of plant debris, and through their interactions with plants and other organisms as symbionts, parasites, and endobionts. Thus, their study in the fossil record, especially during the MMCO, is essential to better understand biodiversity changes and terrestrial carbon cycle dynamics in past analogous environments, as well as to model future ecological and climatic scenarios. The fossil record also offers a unique long-term, large-scale dataset to evaluate fungal assemblage dynamics across long temporal and spatial scales, providing a better understanding of how ecological factors influenced assemblage development through time. In this study, we assessed the fungal diversity and community composition recorded in two geological sections from the middle Miocene from the coal mines of Thailand and Slovakia. We used presence-absence data to quantify the fungal diversity of each locality. Spores and other fungal remains were identified to modern taxa whenever possible; laboratory codes and fossil names were used when this correlation was not possible. This study represents the first of its kind for Thailand, and it expands existing work from Slovakia. Our results indicate a total of 281 morphotaxa. This work will allow us to use modern ecological data to make inferences about ecosystem characteristics and community dynamics for the studied regions. It opens new horizons for the study of past fungal diversity based on modern fungal ecological analyses. It also sheds light on how global variations in fungal species richness and community composition were affected by different climatic conditions and under rapid increases of temperature in the past to make inferences for the near climatic future.
... The type species, C. applanatum was collected from wood blocks in Japan. Putative collections of this species were later found in Australia, Brazil, Brunei, China, India, Malaysia, Peru and Thailand and commonly in freshwater (Sivichai et al. 2002;Fryar et al. 2004;Pinnoi et al. 2006;Zhao et al. 2012;Zelski et al. 2014, Table 3). In the phylogenetic analysis with five gene regions (ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF1-α and RPB2) (Fig. 4), the three new taxa of Cancellidium nested within the genus with strong support (100MLBS/100MPBS/0.99PP, ...
... Notes: Cancellidium cinereum resembles C. applanatum in conidial shape and size, but conidia are brown to almost black in C. applanatum, while they are ashgrey to olivaceous brown in C. cinereum. Cancellidium applanatum has micronematous conidiophores, while C. cinereum produced conspicuous semi-macronematous to macronematous conidiophores (Zelski et al. 2014;Zhao et al. 2012). Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. cinereum clustered with C. applanatum as its sister taxon (Fig. 4). ...
... This study also shows evidence that freshwater fungi may be more diverse than previously supposed. The genus Cancellidium was previously monotypic, except for an odd unrelated terrestrial taxon recently added and the genus was thought to have a worldwide distribution (Yeung et al. 2006;Zhao et al. 2012;Pratibha et al. 2014;Zelski et al. 2014). This study, however, indicates that species of Cancellidium in streams in a relatively small area of the world are not the same species. ...
Cancellidium is a remarkable fungal genus which has been collected from wood submerged in freshwater and has unique conidia that are important in dispersal in running streams. With such a remarkable morphology, one would have expected it to be a distinct family or order. However, due to the dearth of molecular evidence in related taxa, this genus has previously been placed in the order Hypocreales, subclass Hypocreomycetidae of Sordariomycetes. In this study, we made three new collections of this remarkable aquatic genus from streams in China and Thailand, isolated them into culture, extracted DNA and carried out multigene phylogenetic analysis and divergence time estimation which placed the genus in Diaporthomycetidae. This is one of the seven subclasses of Sordariomycetes and contains 30 lineages that are only known from freshwater. The subclass is therefore of interest when considering the evolution of freshwater fungi. Several lineages of Diaporthomycetidae are morphologically unique and taxa cluster with strong support, but have weak support at the base of the trees. The phylogenetic and MCC trees generated in this study indicate that Aquapteridospora, Barbatosphaeriaceae, Bullimyces, Cancellidium, Ceratolenta, Conlarium, Phialemoniopsis, Pseudostanjehughesia and Rhamphoriaceae are distinct genera/families that evolved in the family/order time frame. The new orders Barbatosphaeriales (177 MYA), Cancellidiales (137 MYA), Ceratolentales (147 MYA), Conlariales (138 MYA) and Rhamphoriales (133 MYA) and six new families, Aquapteridosporaceae (110 MYA), Cancellidiaceae (137 MYA), Ceratolentaceae (81 MYA), Bullimycetaceae (81 MYA), Phialemoniopsaceae (59 MYA), and Pseudostanjehughesiaceae (111 MYA) are introduced with evidence from phylogenies, divergence estimates and distinct morphologies. Of these families, Aquapteridosporaceae, Cancellidiaceae, Bullimycetaceae, and Pseudostanjehughesiaceae are only known from freshwater.
... However, they differ in the arrangement of conidial rows of cells at the attachment point to the conidiophores. The conidia of Mycoenterolobium are made up of rows of cells, radiating in a linear pattern from a basal cell attached to the conidiophore, while Cancellidium is distinct in having parallel adherent rows of septate branches radiating from the conidiophore (Goos 1970;Seifert et al. 2011;Zhao et al. 2013). Cancellidium conidia also contain internal branched chains of blastic, cicatrized, and monilioid cells, developing from the base (Pratibha et al. 2014), and these are lacking in Mycoenterolobium. ...
... Mycoenterolobium aquadictyosporium differs from the latter in the arrangement of conidial rows of cells at the attachment point to the conidiophores. The conidia of Mycoenterolobium are made up of rows of cells, radiating in a linear pattern from a basal cell attached to the conidiophore, while Cancellidium is distinct in having parallel adherent rows of septate branches radiating from the conidiophore (Seifert et al. 2011;Zhao et al. 2013) (Fig. 4). Furthermore, Cancellidium is not closely related to the Dothideomycetes as it belongs to Sordariomycetidae genera incertae sedis (Sordariomycetes) (Hyde et al. 2020a;Wijayawardene et al. 2020), and a new order has been introduced to accommodate the genus (Hyde et al. 2020b). ...
A study of freshwater fungi in Thailand led to the discovery of Mycoenterolobium aquadictyosporium sp. nov. Evidence for the novelty and placement in Mycoenterolobium is based on comparison of morphological data. The new species differs from the type species, M. platysporum, in having shorter and wider conidia, and from M. flabelliforme in having much longer and wider conidia. The hyphomycetous genus Mycoenterolobium is similar to Cancellidium but differs in the arrangement of conidial rows of cells at the attachment point to the conidiophores. The conidia of the former are made up of rows of cells, radiating in a linear pattern from a single cell attached to the conidiophore, while in Cancellidium, adherent rows of septate branches radiate from the conidiophore. Cancellidium conidia also contain branched chains of blastic monilioid cells arising from the conidia, while these are lacking in Mycoenterolobium. At maturity in Mycoenterolobium, the two conidial lobes unite and are closely appressed. Phylogenetic analyses based on a combined LSU, SSU, ITS, TEF1-α, and RPB2 loci sequence data support the placement of Mycoenterolobium aquadictyosporium close to the family Testudinaceae within Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes. The novel species Mycoenterolobium aquadictyosporium is described and illustrated and is compared with other morphologically similar taxa.
... On dead decaying submerged wood Yang et al., 2016 Ascotaiwania hsilio F Decaying wood submerged in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Ascotaiwania hughesii On decorticated wood submerged in lake Fallah et al., 1999 Ascotaiwania licualae F Dead petiole of Licuala ramsayi Fröhlich and Hyde, 2000 Ascotaiwania lignicola F Deadwood Chang et al., 1998 Ascotaiwania mauritiana F Prop root of Pandanus palustris Dulymamode et al., 2001 Ascotaiwania mitriformis F Submerged wood Ranghoo and Hyde, 1998 Ascotaiwania pallida F Wood submerged in a river Hyde and Goh, 1999 Ascotaiwania palmicola F Dead Iriartea rachis Hyde, 1995 Ascotaiwania pennisetorum F On standing senescent culms of Pennisetum purpureum Wong and Hyde, 2001 Ascotaiwania sawadae F Wood submerged in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Ascotaiwania wulai F Decaying twigs submerged in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Canalisporium Bussaban et al., 2001;Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium dehongense F Submerged wood in a small river Hyde et al., unpublished Canalisporium elegans T Rotten branch Goh et al., 1998;Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium exiguum F Submerged wood Goh et al., 1998 Canalisporium grenadoideum F Deadwood of Wrightia tomentosa submerged in a stream Sri-indrasutdhi et al., 2010 Canalisporium jinghongensis F Submerged wood Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium kenyense T Rotten wood Goh et al., 1998 Canalisporium krabiense T Leaf sheath of Pandanus sp. Tibpromma et al., 2018 Canalisporium microsporum T Rotten wood Zhao et al., 2012 Canalisporium nigrum T The rotten sheath of palm: Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium pallidum F Submerged wood: Hong Kong Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium panamense F Decorticated wood submerged in river Ferrer and Shearer, 2005 Canalisporium pulchrum T Rotten branch Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium thailandensis T Dead leaf sheath of Pandanus sp. Tibpromma et al., 2018 Canalisporium variabile F Wood submerged in a creek Goh and Hyde, 1999 Neoascotaiwania limnetica F Decaying wood collected in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Neoascotaiwania Nylander, 2004). ...
... Conidia of Canalisporium species are muriform, however, they differ from those of Berkleasmium species in being flattened dorsoventrally, comprising a single layer of regularly arranged cells, which are supported by a small, thin-walled, cuneiform, pale basal cell (Sri-indrasutdhi et al., 2010). At present, 15 species are recognized in Canalisporium (Zhao et al., 2012;Hyde et al., unpublished). The monotypic genus Ascothailandia was established by Sri-indrasutdhi et al. (2010) for the sexual morph of C. grenadoideum in a phylogenetic tree based on six species of Canalisporium, with the type species, and confirmed that Ascothailandia and Canalisporium are congeneric (Sriindrasutdhi et al., 2010). ...
... On dead decaying submerged wood Yang et al., 2016 Ascotaiwania hsilio F Decaying wood submerged in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Ascotaiwania hughesii On decorticated wood submerged in lake Fallah et al., 1999 Ascotaiwania licualae F Dead petiole of Licuala ramsayi Fröhlich and Hyde, 2000 Ascotaiwania lignicola F Deadwood Chang et al., 1998 Ascotaiwania mauritiana F Prop root of Pandanus palustris Dulymamode et al., 2001 Ascotaiwania mitriformis F Submerged wood Ranghoo and Hyde, 1998 Ascotaiwania pallida F Wood submerged in a river Hyde and Goh, 1999 Ascotaiwania palmicola F Dead Iriartea rachis Hyde, 1995 Ascotaiwania pennisetorum F On standing senescent culms of Pennisetum purpureum Wong and Hyde, 2001 Ascotaiwania sawadae F Wood submerged in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Ascotaiwania wulai F Decaying twigs submerged in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Canalisporium Bussaban et al., 2001;Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium dehongense F Submerged wood in a small river Hyde et al., unpublished Canalisporium elegans T Rotten branch Goh et al., 1998;Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium exiguum F Submerged wood Goh et al., 1998 Canalisporium grenadoideum F Deadwood of Wrightia tomentosa submerged in a stream Sri-indrasutdhi et al., 2010 Canalisporium jinghongensis F Submerged wood Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium kenyense T Rotten wood Goh et al., 1998 Canalisporium krabiense T Leaf sheath of Pandanus sp. Tibpromma et al., 2018 Canalisporium microsporum T Rotten wood Zhao et al., 2012 Canalisporium nigrum T The rotten sheath of palm: Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium pallidum F Submerged wood: Hong Kong Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium panamense F Decorticated wood submerged in river Ferrer and Shearer, 2005 Canalisporium pulchrum T Rotten branch Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium thailandensis T Dead leaf sheath of Pandanus sp. Tibpromma et al., 2018 Canalisporium variabile F Wood submerged in a creek Goh and Hyde, 1999 Neoascotaiwania limnetica F Decaying wood collected in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Neoascotaiwania Nylander, 2004). ...
... Conidia of Canalisporium species are muriform, however, they differ from those of Berkleasmium species in being flattened dorsoventrally, comprising a single layer of regularly arranged cells, which are supported by a small, thin-walled, cuneiform, pale basal cell (Sri-indrasutdhi et al., 2010). At present, 15 species are recognized in Canalisporium (Zhao et al., 2012;Hyde et al., unpublished). The monotypic genus Ascothailandia was established by Sri-indrasutdhi et al. (2010) for the sexual morph of C. grenadoideum in a phylogenetic tree based on six species of Canalisporium, with the type species, and confirmed that Ascothailandia and Canalisporium are congeneric (Sriindrasutdhi et al., 2010). ...
... On dead decaying submerged wood Yang et al., 2016 Ascotaiwania hsilio F Decaying wood submerged in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Ascotaiwania hughesii On decorticated wood submerged in lake Fallah et al., 1999 Ascotaiwania licualae F Dead petiole of Licuala ramsayi Fröhlich and Hyde, 2000 Ascotaiwania lignicola F Deadwood Chang et al., 1998 Ascotaiwania mauritiana F Prop root of Pandanus palustris Dulymamode et al., 2001 Ascotaiwania mitriformis F Submerged wood Ranghoo and Hyde, 1998 Ascotaiwania pallida F Wood submerged in a river Hyde and Goh, 1999 Ascotaiwania palmicola F Dead Iriartea rachis Hyde, 1995 Ascotaiwania pennisetorum F On standing senescent culms of Pennisetum purpureum Wong and Hyde, 2001 Ascotaiwania sawadae F Wood submerged in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Ascotaiwania wulai F Decaying twigs submerged in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Canalisporium Bussaban et al., 2001;Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium dehongense F Submerged wood in a small river Hyde et al., unpublished Canalisporium elegans T Rotten branch Goh et al., 1998;Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium exiguum F Submerged wood Goh et al., 1998 Canalisporium grenadoideum F Deadwood of Wrightia tomentosa submerged in a stream Sri-indrasutdhi et al., 2010 Canalisporium jinghongensis F Submerged wood Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium kenyense T Rotten wood Goh et al., 1998 Canalisporium krabiense T Leaf sheath of Pandanus sp. Tibpromma et al., 2018 Canalisporium microsporum T Rotten wood Zhao et al., 2012 Canalisporium nigrum T The rotten sheath of palm: Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium pallidum F Submerged wood: Hong Kong Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium panamense F Decorticated wood submerged in river Ferrer and Shearer, 2005 Canalisporium pulchrum T Rotten branch Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium thailandensis T Dead leaf sheath of Pandanus sp. Tibpromma et al., 2018 Canalisporium variabile F Wood submerged in a creek Goh and Hyde, 1999 Neoascotaiwania limnetica F Decaying wood collected in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Neoascotaiwania Nylander, 2004). ...
... Conidia of Canalisporium species are muriform, however, they differ from those of Berkleasmium species in being flattened dorsoventrally, comprising a single layer of regularly arranged cells, which are supported by a small, thin-walled, cuneiform, pale basal cell (Sri-indrasutdhi et al., 2010). At present, 15 species are recognized in Canalisporium (Zhao et al., 2012;Hyde et al., unpublished). The monotypic genus Ascothailandia was established by Sri-indrasutdhi et al. (2010) for the sexual morph of C. grenadoideum in a phylogenetic tree based on six species of Canalisporium, with the type species, and confirmed that Ascothailandia and Canalisporium are congeneric (Sriindrasutdhi et al., 2010). ...
Morpho-molecular and molecular clock analyses were conducted on Savoryellaceae in order to understand the placements of taxa in this family. Ascotaiwania and Neoascotaiwania formed a well-supported monophyletic clade in the phylogenetic analyses of concatenated partial 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, transcription elongation factor 1-α and RNA polymerase II gene data. These two genera share similar morphological features, especially in their asexual morphs, indicating that they are congeneric. Hence, we synonymize Neoascotaiwania under Ascotaiwania. Ascotaiwania hughesii (and its asexual morph, Helicoon farinosum) and Monotosporella setosa grouped in a clade sister to Pleurotheciales and are excluded from Ascotaiwania which becomes monophyletic. A novel genus Helicoascotaiwania is introduced to accommodate Ascotaiwania hughesii and its asexual morph, Helicoon farinosum. A novel species, Savoryella yunnanensis is introduced from a freshwater habitat in Yunnan Province, China. Comprehensive descriptions and morphographs are provided for taxa in this family. In addition, we provide evolutionary divergence estimates for Savoryellomycetidae taxa and major marine based taxa to support our phylogenetic and morphological investigations. The taxonomic placement of these marine-based taxa is briefly discussed. Our results indicate that the most basal group of marine-based taxa are represented within Lulworthiales, which diverged from ancestral Sordariomycetes around 149 MYA (91–209) and Savoryellomycetidae around 213 MYA (198–303)
... [2], [3] Classification of freshwater hyphomycetes is based on morphological features. [4], [5] During investigations of freshwater fungi in Thailand [6], we collected dematiaceous hyphomycetes Acrogenospora spharerocephala in lotic freshwater habitat. The description and morphological photographs of new collection are illustrated. ...
During investigations of freshwater fungi in Thailand, we collected dematiaceous hyphomycetes Acrogenospora spharerocephalan in lotic freshwater habitat. The description and morphological photographs of new collection is illustrated. Acrogenospora spharerocephala was characterized by unbranched conidiophores and producing solitary non-septate conidia acrogenously from recurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells. The conidia are dark brown to black when mature, paler at young, spherical to subspherical.
... Cancellidium is typified by C. applanatum, which was originally collected from submerged wood blocks of Ochroma pyramidale in Kobe, Japan. Cancellidium applanatum has been reported from many Paleotropical localities (Webster & Davey 1980, Shaw 1994, Ho et al. 2001, Sivichai et al. 2002, Fryar et al. 2004, Pinnoi et al. 2006, Pinruan et al. 2007, Zhao et al. 2012. In this study in the Neotropics, multiple collections of Cancellidium applanatum (PE0063) were recovered from low and middle altitudes along the elevational gradient, but not from high altitude aquatic habitats. ...
... Yeung et al. (2006) suggested that the congeneric C. pinicola was phylogenetically related to Hypocreales. However, they noted that a connection to Hypocreales was dubious due to the questionable nature of the culture from which the DNA was extracted (Yeung et al. 2006, Zhao et al. 2012. In this study one 28S sequence was generated from a Peruvian specimen and the identity was corroborated with two 28S sequences generated from Thai material. ...
A survey of freshwater ascomycetes conducted along an elevational gradient in Perú in the Districts of Cusco, Junín, and Madre de Dios yielded specimens of Cancellidium applanatum, Cordana abramovii, Sporoschisma juvenile, S. uniseptatum, and S. saccardoi. With the exception of S. saccardoi, these are new records for Perú. Molecular data was generated for three previously unsequenced species: Cancellidium applanatum, Cordana abramovii and Sporoschisma saccardoi. These taxa are reported herein from the neotropics with an accompanying phylogeny based on partial 28S nuclear ribosomal large-subunit sequence data. The sexual morph of S. saccardoi has previously been linked to Melanochaeta hemipsila through cultural studies. Molecular data from ascospores and conidia of M. hemipsila and S. saccardoi, respectively, were used to demonstrate a genetic connection of the sexual and asexual morphs of these fungi for the first time, resulting in the new combination Sporoschisma hemipsila being made.
Microremains of fungi from Neogene deposits from the Gray Fossil Site (Tennessee, United States) and the Bełchatów Lignite Mine (Poland), similar to the enigmatic fossil-species Kutchiathyrites eccentricus R.K. Kar, 1979, were reconsidered as representatives of the modern mitosporic genus Mycoenterolobium Goos, 1970. A new combination, Mycoenterolobium eccentricum (R.K. Kar) G. Worobiec, n. comb., is proposed. The geographical and stratigraphical range and ecology of the fossil and modern Mycoenterolobium species are discussed. Investigated remains of Mycoenterolobium eccentricum (R.K. Kar) G. Worobiec, n. comb. document the first fossil record of this fungus from both Northern America and Europe, while the Bełchatów mine represents the northernmost known fossil and modern occurrence of the Mycoenterolobium genus. Both modern and fossil species of Mycoenterolobium seem to prefer warm (tropical to warm temperate), usually humid climates. They are associated with plant debris (mainly wood) decaying in a damp or aquatic environment. Mycoenterolobium eccentricum (R.K. Kar) G. Worobiec, n. comb. is suggested to be used as a non-pollen palynomorph proxy for palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.
