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In February 2008, a severe outbreak of powdery mildew disease was observed on Solanum betaceum in India. Based on the morphological characters, the pathogen was identified as an Oidium [neolycopersici] sp. morphologically similar to O. neolycopersici. This is the first report of this fungus causing powdery mildew on S. betaceum in India.
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... Etiology: Superficial mycelium with hyaline hyphae containing lobed appressoria, solitary or in pairs opposite to each other (Baiswar et al., 2009). The conidiophores are erect ...
This study was conducted to document the diversity of pathogenic fungi causing diseases based on the external symptoms and microscopic observation. The study focused on herbaceous plants of Kanglung growing inside the college campus and adjacent areas as movement was restricted due to Covid-19 protocol. Among 19 different fungal diseases reported, the major plant diseases were rust, powdery mildew and leaf spot. With the potential to affect a wide range of hosts, diseases such as rust and powdery mildew have caused significant loss to the agriculture yield. The rust diseases caused by Uromyces appendiculatus and Uromyces bidenticola have an autoecious life cycle as these pathogens completed their life cycle on a single host plant. The heteroecious life cycle requiring two hosts to complete their life cycle was observed in the pathogens of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Puccinia sorghi and Puccinia oxalidis. The causal organism of the common corn disease, Puccina sorghi is found on the alternate host which is the Oxalis latifolia. A total of 7 pathogens causing powdery mildew were observed. It was also observed that Podosphaera xanthii caused powdery mildew on Bidens pilosa. Similarly, Erysiphe betae also caused powdery mildew to fabaceae family.
... O. neolycopersici and L. taurica causing tomato powdery mildew has been reported from United States by Kontaxis and Van (1978), Central valley by Campbell and Scheuerman (1979), Florida by Marois et al. (2001), Bolivia (Correll et al. 2005), Venezuella (Montilla et al. 2007), Turkey (Yolageldi et al. 2008), China (Li et al. 2008) and Sebia (Stevanovic et al. 2012). In India, powdery mildew caused by O. neolycopersici was first time reported by Baiswar et al. (2009) on Solanum betaceum. O. neolycopersici and L. taurica are economically important pathogen that can infect more than 60 and 27 crop hosts, respectively (Correll et al. 1987;Jones et al. 2001). ...
... White powdery lesions were observed on the stem but, no symptoms were observed on the fruits. Similar type of powdery mildew symptoms caused by O. neolycopersici was reported by many workers (Li et al. 2008;Cerkauskas 2005;Baiswar et al. 2009;Neupane and Subedi 2010). Montilla et al. (2007) observed symptoms of powdery mildew caused by O. neolycopersici on upper surface of tomato leaves as patch of dense white mycelia, predominantly on the upper leaf surface. ...
The morphological and molecular characterization using primers EryF and EryR confirmed the associated pathogen with collected samples of tomato powdery mildew as Oidium neolycopersici. Incubation and latent period of the pathogen under in vitro was 4 and 5 days, respectively, however it was 5 days for both under in vivo. Effect of weather variables on the disease development in March 30th and August 30th transplanted crop showed that low temperature and high relative humidity were most favourable factors for disease development. The studies on colonization behavior of the pathogen showed that tissue colonization was directly proportional to the disease severity.
... O. neolycopersici and L. taurica causing tomato powdery mildew has been reported from United States by Kontaxis and Van (1978), Central valley by Campbell and Scheuerman (1979), Florida by Marois et al. (2001), Bolivia (Correll et al. 2005), Venezuella (Montilla et al. 2007), Turkey (Yolageldi et al. 2008), China (Li et al. 2008) and Sebia (Stevanovic et al. 2012). In India, powdery mildew caused by O. neolycopersici was first time reported by Baiswar et al. (2009) on Solanum betaceum. O. neolycopersici and L. taurica are economically important pathogen that can infect more than 60 and 27 crop hosts, respectively (Correll et al. 1987;Jones et al. 2001). ...
... White powdery lesions were observed on the stem but, no symptoms were observed on the fruits. Similar type of powdery mildew symptoms caused by O. neolycopersici was reported by many workers (Li et al. 2008;Cerkauskas 2005;Baiswar et al. 2009;Neupane and Subedi 2010). Montilla et al. (2007) observed symptoms of powdery mildew caused by O. neolycopersici on upper surface of tomato leaves as patch of dense white mycelia, predominantly on the upper leaf surface. ...
... The PMs on tamarillo from India were determined by Sharma et al. (2011) and Baiswar et al. (2009Baiswar et al. ( , 2013 as O. lycopersici and Oidium sp. ...
Tamarillo was found to be heavily infested with powdery mildew in Bali, February 2012. The cause of the disease, Pseudoidium aff. neolycopersici, was characterised based on the morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer sequence. This is the first report of P. aff. neolycopersici on tamarillo in Indonesia.
... All the ITS sequences of this subgroup were identical to each other, and there is only one base difference between subgroups 1 and 2. Pseudoidium sp. ex So. betaceum was indistinguishable from Ps. neolycopersici in morphology (Baiswar et al. 2009). In cross-inoculation test, Ps. neolycopersici infected Sedum alboroseum Baker, but the fungus on Se. alboroseum did not infect tomato (Jankovics et al. 2008). ...
... Most of the hosts included in subgroup 2 were recorded recently, viz. members of Echeveria, Crassula, Cotyledon, and Dudleya (Crassulaceae) in the UK in 2007 (Henricot 2008), So. betaceum (Solanaceae) in India in 2008 (Baiswar et al. 2009), and Kalanchoe species (Crassulaceae) in Korea in 2010 (Cho et al. 2012), suggesting that the fungi of subgroup 2 also pertain to recently upcoming species as with Ps. neolycopersici. Many sequences of E. aquilegiae occurring on Ranunculaceae belong to subgroup 3, most of which were identical to the sequence of E. takamatsui (AB916688). ...
The teleomorph of Erysiphe takamatsui, a powdery mildew of lotus, was found in 2012 at a lotus pond of Niigata-shi, Japan, where this species was first found in 1974. This is the second record of teleomorph of E. takamatsui. Morphological and molecular analyses revealed that the asexual stages of the lotus powdery mildews found in Aichi, Osaka and Tokyo represent the anamorph of E. takamatsui. The nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S rRNA gene were identical to those of E. aquilegiae, E. catalpae, and E. macleayae. These species formed a homogeneous clade together with E. sedi, Pseudoidium neolycopersici, and Pseudoidium spp. occurring on a wide range of plant families with only five base substitutions of ITS sequences in maximum. These results suggest that E. takamatsui is a fungus that appeared as a result of recent host expansion.
... [neolycopersici] on Solanum betaceum has been reported from India and morphologically this pathogen is indistinguishable from O. neolycopersici (11). ...
Severe symptoms of powdery mildew disease were observed on Solanum betaceum. Morphologically, the pathogen was indistinguishable from Oidium neolycopersici. Molecular evidence based on amplification of rDNA ITS region, includ-ing the 5.8S rDNA revealed that the sequence was identical to Oidium sp. on Sedum alboroseum (EU047572), and differs one base from those of O. neolycopersici on tomato and Erysiphe aquilegiae. In cross inoculation tests under polyhouse, this pathogen was unable to infect S. lycopersicum, S. melongena, S. gilow and S. indicum. This is the first attempt to characterize this pathogen using molecu-lar tools.
... This host is phylogenetically closely related to S. lycopersicum (tomato), and the anamorph found on tree tomato is morphologically indistinguishable from Pseudoidium neolycopersici (syn. Oidium neolycopersici) on tomato (Baiswar et al. 2009). Nevertheless, this powdery mildew disease was only recorded as Oidium sp. and not as O. neolycopersici because reviewers refused the latter denomination without inoculation results and/or molecular analyses. ...
The symposium "One fungus = Which name" held in Amsterdam 12-13 April 2012, addressed the drastic changes in the naming of pleomorphic fungi adopted by the 18(th) International Botanical Congress in Melbourne in 2011. Possible solutions and ways to face resulting problems were suggested. The fundamental change is that under the new rules fungi in future will be treated nomenclaturally like plants and all other groups of organisms ruled by the ICN, i.e. with one correct name for each species. Numerous discussions and statements during the Symposium reflected widespread anxieties that these rules could negatively influence taxonomic work on pleomorphic fungi. However, they are groundless, being based on misunderstandings and confusion of nomenclature and taxonomy. With pleomorphic fungi, taxonomists will in future have to answer the question whether different morphs can represent one fungus (taxon), but this remains a taxonomic decision and has nothing to do with nomenclature. Furthermore, the ICN does not and cannot rule on how this decision is made. Thus it cannot provide rules based solely on methods involving morphology in vivo or in vitro, molecular analyses, physiological and biochemical data, inoculation experiments in pathogenic groups or any other methods or combinations of them. It is up to the taxonomist to select appropriate methods and to decide which data are sufficient to introduce new taxa. Some future problems and strategies around the application of anamorph- and teleomoph-typified taxon names (genera and species), are discussed here, using the recently monographed powdery mildews (Erysiphales) as an example.
... Based on these characteristics the fungus was identified as Oidium neolycopersici L. Kiss (Kiss et al. 2001). This species has been reported as occurring on host plants in the Solanaceae (Solanum betaceum and S. lycopersicum) family in Asia (Baiswar et al. 2009;Kiss et al. 2001;Li et al. 2008, Yolageldi et al. 2008, Australia, Tanzania, the French Caribbean (Kiss et al. 2001), North America (Kiss et al. 2001;Kiss et al. 2005), and Europe (Ivic et al. 2009;Kiss et al. 2001). Specimens were identified on tomato in West Europe by sequencing by Kiss et al. (2001) in France (specimen examined: BPI 747013; database accession number: AF229019) and Netherlands (specimen examined: VPRI 20724; database accession number: AF229015). ...
The first description of Oidium neolycopersici (Erysiphaceae) discovered on a Madeiran plant now extinct in the wild, Normania triphylla (Solanaceae), is provided. The pathogen was collected from the National Botanical Conservatory of Brest in western France.
Powdery mildews were first recognized as white powdery appearance on the leaves of Humulus, Acer, Lamia, Galeopsis, and Lithospermum by plant pathogens infection as early as 1753 which was named as Mucor erysiphe. Initially powdery mildews were a fascinating subject of research for mycologists who reported several species of powdery mildews on different hosts on the basis of minor differences in their morphological characteristics. The economic importance of powdery mildews was realized in 1850 with the most wide spread, and disastrous losses attributable to powdery mildew of grapes in France. Later, during nineteenth century, powdery mildew diseases of barley, gooseberry, peaches, cucurbits, and several other crops have been found to cause economic losses in many countries of the world. The crucifer’s powdery mildew has gained its importance as an economically damaging disease during last two decades of twentieth century. In total, upto now, more than 873 species of powdery mildews have been reported to cause infection to nearly 10,000 plant species all over the world. The powdery mildew of crucifers (Arabidopsis) is considered as one of the “Top ten fungal pathogens for molecular, and genetical studies all over the world”. The classification, taxonomy, nomenclature, and identification of powdery mildew fungal genera, and species has now been resolved with the use of morphological data of both anamorph, and teleomorph stages, host range, using light, and scanning electron microscopy, and phylogenetical analysis. In future, under the new rules, powdery mildew fungi will be treated for nomenclaturaly like plants, and all other groups of organisms ruled by the “International code of nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants” i.e., with one correct name for each species. Recently, powdery mildews have shown their potential as biological weed control agent. Some hyperparasites of powdery mildews have been identified with practical application under field conditions for powdery mildew disease control. With global warming, powdery mildews may become threatening, and more devastating disease all over the world. The information revealed on genetical, and molecular mechanisms of host-parasite interaction will be helpful in planning strategies of powdery mildew management under field conditions.
