Fig 2 - uploaded by Susumu Takamatsu
Content may be subject to copyright.
Conidia of Oidium (subgen. Microidium) phyllanthi found on Phyllanthus acidus (A), P. amarus (B), and P. reticulatus (C). The conidia of this fungus are small, cylindrical to barrel-cylindrical, with oil drop-like inclusion bodies (arrows) but without conspicuous fibrosin bodies. Bars 20 µm
Source publication
Powdery mildew fungi found on leaves, shoots, and stems of Phyllanthus acidus, P. amarus, and P. reticulatus proved to be a fungus having morphology unique in the Erysiphaceae. Light micrographs of a new germination pattern are added to discuss differences to other four germination patterns of the powdery mildews. The rDNA sequences (28S and 18S re...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... found on Phyllanthus acidus, P. amarus, and P. reticulatus are whitish, covering the entire surface of the leaves, young shoots, and young stems (Fig. 1A-C). The fungus is characterized by forming catenate conidia (Fig. 1D-F). Conidia produce broad club- shaped germ tubes (Fig. 1G-I), without fibrosin bodies but containing oil drop granules ( Fig. 2A-C), and foot-cells of the conidiophores are flexous or spirally twisted (Figs. 1D- F, 2C). Details of the main characteristic of the fungus on Phyllanthus acidus (MUMH1778) ...
Context 2
... the entire surface of the leaves, young shoots, and young stems (Fig. 1A-C). The fungus is characterized by forming catenate conidia (Fig. 1D-F). Conidia produce broad club- shaped germ tubes (Fig. 1G-I), without fibrosin bodies but containing oil drop granules ( Fig. 2A-C), and foot-cells of the conidiophores are flexous or spirally twisted (Figs. 1D- F, 2C). Details of the main characteristic of the fungus on Phyllanthus acidus (MUMH1778) ...
Similar publications
The present paper focus on the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Phyllanthus narayanaswamii (Euphorbiaceae), a critically endangered and endemic species to the East Godavari & Visakhapatnam hills of North Eastern Ghats. In the present study the alcoholic extracts of leaves, shoot and root of P. narayanaswamii were studied for th...
Citations
... A espécie Uncinula forestalis também separou de outros oídios em estágio inicial de evolução e o gênero Caespitotheca, foi proposto para essa espécie(TAKAMATSU et al., 2005).A espécie Pleochaeta turbinata foi proposta para o gênero Queirozia, pois se distinguia claramente de outros oídios(LIBERATO et al., 2006). Oidium phyllanthi passou a fazer parte do novo gênero, Microidium(TO-ANUN et al., 2005). A filogenia molecular revelou que M. phyllanthi é um complexo de espécies composto por duas espécies (MEEBOON; TAKAMATSU, 2017). ...
... Droplets in conidia that appeared to be made of lipids were stained with 0.3% v/v alcoholic Sudan Black B solution by slightly warming the microscope slides over a flame before microscopic examination. Conidial germination in fresh powdery mildew samples collected from Acalypha spp. was studied on cellophane placed on 1.5% water agar (Szentiványi and Kiss, 2003), and the epidermis of onion scale (To-anun et al., 2005), after incubation at 25 ...
... (Braun and Cook, 2012). In contrast, Microidium phyllanthi, one of the four described Microidium species (To-anun et al., 2005;Meeboon and Takamatsu, 2017), is reported here for the first time from Australia ( Table 2). ...
In contrast to Eurasia and North America, powdery mildews (Ascomycota, Erysiphales) are understudied in Australia. There are over 900 species known globally, with fewer than currently 60 recorded from Australia. Some of the Australian records are doubtful as the identifications were presumptive, being based on host plant-pathogen lists from overseas. The goal of this study was to provide the first comprehensive catalog of all powdery mildew species present in Australia. The project resulted in (i) an up-to-date list of all the taxa that have been identified in Australia based on published DNA barcode sequences prior to this study; (ii) the precise identification of 117 specimens freshly collected from across the country; and (iii) the precise identification of 30 herbarium specimens collected between 1975 and 2013. This study confirmed 42 species representing 10 genera, including two genera and 13 species recorded for the first time in Australia. In Eurasia and North America, the number of powdery mildew species is much higher. Phylogenetic analyses of powdery mildews collected from Acalypha spp. resulted in the transfer of Erysiphe acalyphae to Salmonomyces, a resurrected genus. Salmonomyces acalyphae comb. nov. represents a newly discovered lineage of the Erysiphales. Another taxonomic change is the transfer of Oidium ixodiae to Golovinomyces. Powdery mildew infections have been confirmed on 13 native Australian plant species in the genera Acacia, Acalypha, Cephalotus, Convolvulus, Eucalyptus, Hardenbergia, Ixodia, Jagera, Senecio, and Trema. Most of the causal agents were polyphagous species that infect many other host plants both overseas and in Australia. All powdery mildews infecting native plants in Australia were phylogenetically closely related to species known overseas. The data indicate that Australia is a continent without native powdery mildews, and most, if not all, species have been introduced since the European colonization of the continent.
... Typical symptoms of powdery mildew were observed in the field and photographed. The microscopic characteristics of fresh white powder fungal materials stripped from the leaf surfaces with a clear adhesive tape were observed using 3% (w/v) aqueous potassium hydroxide by light microscopy (Olympus BX53) at magnifications of 100×, 200×, 400× and 1,000× oil immersion objectives (Cook, Inman, & Billings, 1997;Kiss et al., 2001;To-anun et al., 2005). ...
Powdery mildew is a foliar disease of rubber trees. It is one of the most important leaf diseases in rubber plantations worldwide. The causal agent of this powdery mildew, previously known as Oidium heveae, has been identified under various names. To precisely identify the causal agents of this disease, 57 conidial samples were collected from 2013 to 2017 in Hainan, Yunnan and Guangdong provinces, the main rubber tree planting regions in China. Based on morphological observations using light and scanning electron microscopy, pathogenicity testing, and nrDNA ITS and 28S sequences, Erysiphe quercicola is suggested as the only causal agent of rubber tree powdery mildew in China.
... Oidium phyllanthi, which is parasitic to Phyllanthus spp., is a unique fungus that has distinctly small conidia containing two oil drops. Based on its unique morphological characteristics and its separate phylogenetic placement, To-anun et al. (2005) proposed a new genus, Microidium, for this fungus. Molecular phylogeny revealed that M. phyllanthi is a species complex consisting of two species . ...
... Oidium phyllanthi, which is parasitic to Phyllanthus spp., is a unique fungus that has distinctly small conidia containing two oil drops. Based on its unique morphological characteristics and its separate phylogenetic placement, To-anun et al. (2005) proposed a new genus, Microidium, for this fungus. Molecular phylogeny revealed that M. phyllanthi is a species complex consisting of two species . ...
... These reports as well as those from Siahaan et al. (2016aSiahaan et al. ( , 2016b suggest that there are much more undescribed species of powdery mildews in Southeast Asia region than previously thought. This is supported by recent publications from this region, in particular from Indonesia and Thailand (To-anun et al. 2003, To-anun et al. 2005Divarangkoon et al. 2011;Monkhung et al. 2011Monkhung et al. , 2013Meeboon et al. 2012a,b,c,d;Meeboon et al. 2013;Hidayat et al. 2014;Siahaan et al. 2015). In this paper, we report an additional list of Erysiphe species found on Malvaceae, Menispermaceae, Moraceae, Nyctaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Solanaceae and Urticaceae from Thailand. ...
... Microidium To-anun & S. Takam. was introduced byTo-anun et al. (2005)based on molecular phylogenetic analyses of the rDNA of 18S and 28S regions and a morphological re-assessment of specimens of Oidium phyllanthi found on Phyllanthus acidus, P. amarus, and P. reticulatus. The specimens concerned were unique due to the formation of a different type of conidial germination, designated as Microidium-type (To-anun et al. 2002). ...
... The specimens concerned were unique due to the formation of a different type of conidial germination, designated as Microidium-type (To-anun et al. 2002). Subsequent molecular analysis using a 18S and 28S rDNA (D1 and D2 regions) combined dataset indicated that the sequences from O. phyllanthi on P. acidus, P. amarus, and P. reticulatus represented a unique lineage within the Erysiphaceae and that the sequence of a P. reticulatus isolate differed from the P. acidus and P. amarus isolates by 1.38% in the 28S rDNA D1/D2 sequence (To-anun et al. 2005). Braun & Cook (2012: 624) later raised Oidium subg. ...
... The combination of ITS + 28S sequences from 20 specimens of Microidium from Phyllanthus (including the three specimens included in the analyses ofTo-anun et al. 2005: MUMH 1761, 1778, and 1782) were aligned and analysed with Neoerysiphe galeopsidis (DC.) U. Braun (MUMH 630) as outgroup. ...
A new powdery mildew species of the genus Microidium (Erysiphaceae) found on Phyllanthus reticulatus (Phyllanthaceae) in Thailand is described. Microidium phyllanthireticulati [= Oidium phyllanthi var. reticulati] is characterized by having amphigenous colonies on the host surface, long conidiophore foot-cells twisted at the base, and barrelshaped to cylindrical conidia with Microidium-type germ tubes. The new species differs from the allied and morphologically very similar M. phyllanthi in producing smaller conidia and conidiophores with longer foot-cells. Analyses of rDNA ITS + 28S sequence data support the separation of M. phyllanthi-reticulati from M. phyllanthi. The new species is described and illustrated in detail, and compared with other species assigned to Microidium.
... These reports as well as those from Siahaan et al. (2016aSiahaan et al. ( , 2016b suggest that there are much more undescribed species of powdery mildews in Southeast Asia region than previously thought. This is supported by recent publications from this region, in particular from Indonesia and Thailand (To-anun et al. 2003, To-anun et al. 2005Divarangkoon et al. 2011;Monkhung et al. 2011Monkhung et al. , 2013Meeboon et al. 2012a,b,c,d;Meeboon et al. 2013;Hidayat et al. 2014;Siahaan et al. 2015). In this paper, we report an additional list of Erysiphe species found on Malvaceae, Menispermaceae, Moraceae, Nyctaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Solanaceae and Urticaceae from Thailand. ...
This report provides morphological descriptions of powdery mildews found on Malvaceae, Menispermaceae, Moraceae, Nyctaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Solanaceae and Urticaceae and five specimens are identified with ITS rDNA sequences. These include a new species on Boehmeria siamensis (Urticaceae); Pseudoidium schmiedeknechtii on Schoutenia glomerata, Hibiscus floccosus and Urena lobata; Erysiphe kydiae-calycinae on Kydia calycina; E. pseudolonicerae on Cyclea barbata; E. nyctaginacearum on Mirabilis jalapa; E. polygoni on Antigonon leptopus, Muehlenbeckia platyclada and Polygonum odoratum; Pseudoidium cf. neolycopersici on Physalis sp. and Erysiphe species on Ficus subincisa new for Thailand were described. Based on our finding, we make new taxonomic conclusions for E. nyctaginacearum, it is a new combination of Ps. nyctaginacearum found on M. jalapa and Ps. antigononis is a new synonym of E. polygoni found on A. leptopus.
... These reports as well as those from Siahaan et al. (2016a, b) suggest that there are much more undescribed species of powdery mildews in Southeast Asia region than previously thought. This is supported by recent publications from this region, in particular from Indonesia and Thailand (To-anun et al. 2003(To-anun et al. , 2005Divarangkoon et al. 2011;Monkhung et al. 2011Monkhung et al. , 2013Meeboon et al. 2012aMeeboon et al. , b, c, d, 2013Hidayat et al. 2014;Siahaan et al. 2015). In this paper, we report an additional list about Erysiphe species found on Fabaceae, Fagaceae, Hydrangeaceae and Lamiaceae in Thailand. ...
This report provides morphological descriptions of powdery mildew specimens found on Fabaceae, Fagaceae, Hydrangeaceae and Lamiaceae and molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS rDNA sequences. These include 4 new host records for Erysiphe species in the world, viz., Desmodium triflorum (Fabaceae), Microtoena insuavis (Lamiaceae) and Mucuna bracteata (Fabaceae). Aeschynomene americana var. americana (Fabaceae), Sesbania grandiflora (Fabaceae) and Tamarindus indica (Fabaceae) are new host for Erysiphe trifoliorum s. lat. and Phanera purpurea (Fabaceae) is new host for Erysiphe lespedezae. In addition, 11 records of Erysiphe species new to Thailand were described.
... Early reports on powdery mildew diversity from Thailand were carried out by and Amano (1986) and Sontirat et al. (1994). Further works have been carried out since 2000 and several new taxa and new records mainly belonging to Erysiphe were reported (To-anun et al. 2003(To-anun et al. , 2005Divarangkoon et al. 2011;Meeboon et al. 2013Meeboon et al. , 2016. In the latest report, a checklist of powdery mildews belonging to Podosphaera sect. ...
... According to Meeboon et al. (2016) and Siahaan et al. (2016a,b), the Southeast Asian region is expected to have many undescribed species of powdery mildew. This statement is supported by recent publications from this region, in particular from Indonesia and Thailand (To-anun et al. 2003(To-anun et al. , 2005Divarangkoon et al. 2011;Monkhung et al. 2011Monkhung et al. , 2013Meeboon et al. 2012aMeeboon et al. , b, c, d, 2013Meeboon et al. , 2016Hidayat et al. 2014;Siahaan et al. 2015Siahaan et al. , 2016a. In this paper, we report additional information about Erysiphe from various hosts in Thailand. ...
The previous reports on powdery mildews from Thailand revealed some unknown species and also the importance of this area for the diversity, systematics and evolution of powdery mildews. This report provides an additional list consisting of three species of the genus Erysiphe and its asexual morph (Pseudoidium) on various hosts found in Thailand. Morphological descriptions of powdery mildew specimens on 11 plant families and molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS rDNA sequences are provided. We report 6 new host records for Erysiphe in the world, viz., Viburnum inopinatum (Adoxaceae), Wrightia arborea (Apocynaceae), Hydrocotyle javanica (Araliaceae), Cleome chelidonii (Cleomaceae), Luffa acutangula (Cucurbitaceae) and Ostodes paniculata (Euphorbiaceae). In addition, 10 new records of Erysiphe found in Thailand are described.
