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Septoria represents a genus of plant pathogenic fungi with a wide geographic distribution, commonly associated with leaf spots and stem cankers of a broad range of plant hosts. A major aim of this study was to resolve the phylogenetic generic limits of Septoria, Stagonospora, and other related genera such as Sphaerulina, Phaeosphaeria...
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... Leaf blotch disease is one of the most important fungal diseases. Quaedvlieg et al. (2004) identified Septoria tritici as the causal agent of leaf blotch disease, but, later advocated Zymoseptoria tritici (teleomorph: Mycosphaerella graminicola) (Quaedvlieg et al. 2011). Z. tritici is an apoplastic pathogen species with a hemibiotrophic life cycle (Ponomarenko et al. 2011;Fones and Gurr 2015;Savary et al. 2019). ...
... In these cases, "Septoria tritici blotch" or "Septoria leaf blotch" has been used as a disease name. However, Septoria represents a genus of plant pathogenic fungi and is extremely large in number (Quaedvlieg et al. 2004). Moreover, fungal species belonging to Septoria are among the most widespread leaf-spotting fungi worldwide. ...
... Moreover, fungal species belonging to Septoria are among the most widespread leaf-spotting fungi worldwide. Therefore, according to these scientists, Septoria tritici is the causal agent of leaf blotch disease (Quaedvlieg et al. 2004). Later, Septoria was reclassified by the genus Zymoseptoria (Quaedvlieg et al. 2011). ...
Septoria tritici blotch or Septoria leaf blotch has been used for long time, but leaf blotch is a correct disease name. Moreover, Lb resistant gene is the correct name, but, not Stb gene. It has sexual and asexual parts on the mycelia, known as heterothallic fungi. Its pathogenic diversity ranged from 40% to 93% and has produced a wide variety of AvrLb6 haplotypes. M. graminicola has a plasmogamy and karyogamy sexual process. The pathogen can use macropycnidiospores, micropycnidiospores, and pycnidia vegetative growths for infection and overwintering. Synthetic M3, Kavkaz-K4500, Synthetic 6×, and TE9111 wheat genotypes have horizontal resistance. Avirulence (Avr) genes in Z. tritici and their matching wheat (R) genes indicate gene for gene mechanisms of resistance. Twenty-two R genes (vertical resistance) have been identified. In both horizontal and vertical resistance, different Lb genes have been broken down due to new Z.tritici virulent gene and currently Lb19 resistant gene is being recommended. Mixing of resistant and susceptible cultivars is also the most effective management strategy. Moreover, different cultural practices and biological control have been proposed. Lastly, different fungicides are also available. However, in developing countries cultivar mixture, isolates diversity, biological control, and epidemic studies have been greatly missed.
... Refs. [74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91] ...
Leptosphaeriaceae is a widely distributed fungal family with diverse lifestyles. The family includes several genera that can be distinguished by morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis. During our investigation of saprobic fungi on grasslands in Yunnan Province, China, four fungal taxa belonging to Leptosphaeriaceae associated with grasses were collected. Morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses of the combined SSU, LSU, ITS, tub2, and rpb2 loci based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference were used to reveal the taxonomic placement of these fungal taxa. This study introduces four new taxa, viz. Leptosphaeria yunnanensis, L. zhaotongensis, Paraleptosphaeria kunmingensis, and Plenodomus zhaotongensis. Colour photo plates, full descriptions, and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of the new taxa are provided.
... The pleosporalean family Lentitheciaceae was introduced by Zhang et al. [8] based on multi-gene phylogeny, of which the well-supported Lentitheciaceae clade accommodated the generic type Lentithecium fluviatile, as well as L. arundinaceum, Keissleriella cladophila, Wettsteinina lacustris (CBS 618.86, morphologically could not be well-verified), two bambusicolous species Katumotoa bambusicola, Ophiosphaerella sasicola, and a possibly asexual morph species Stagonospora macropycnidia (OSC 100965/CBS 114202). With the continuous addition of new members, the family currently comprises fourteen genera: Darksidea [9], Halobyssothecium [10], Katumotoa [11], Keissleriella [12], Lentithecium [8], Murilentithecium [13], Neoophiosphaerella [14], Phragmocamarosporium [15], Pleurophoma [16], Poaceascoma [17], Pseudomurilentithecium [18], Setoseptoria [19], Tingoldiago [20] and Towyspora [21]. Members of Lentitheciaceae are characterized by lenticular to globose ascomata with brown setae or glabrous, cylindrical to clavate asci with short pedicels, and morphologically diverse ascospores, mostly narrow to broad fusiform, hyaline to brown, 1-3-septate (aseptate or Diversity 2022, 14, 15 2 of 11 muriform in some species), sometimes filiform, fasciculate, surrounded by an entire mucilaginous sheath or fusiform gelatinous sheath; the asexual morphs are stagonospora-like or dendrophoma-like [1]. ...
Microfungi associated with woody plants on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) were investigated, and four collections associated with Potentilla fruticosa were obtained from Gansu and Qinghai provinces in China. Morphologically, they line well with Lentitheciaceae in having subglobose to globose ascomata with brown setae on the papilla but can be distinguished from other genera by its superficial, globose, black, thick-walled ascomata, and fusiform, hyaline (rarely pale brown), one-septate ascospores, surrounded by an entire mucilaginous sheath. The phylogenetic analyses based on a combined SSU, ITS, LSU and TEF1-α sequence data showed that four isolates formed a monophyletic clade among the genera of Lentitheciaceae, and present as a distinct lineage (sister clade to Darksidea). Therefore, we introduce a new genus Crassoascoma, with C. potentillae as the type to accommodate these taxa. Detailed description and illustration are provided, and the establishment of new taxa is justified with morphology and phylogenetic evidence.
... On the basis of a polyphasic approach to taxon delimitation, Verkley et al. [3] pointed out that septoria-like fungi preserved in CBS were in fact distributed over three main clades and introduced a novel genus: Caryophylloseptoria Verkley, Quaedvlieg and Crous. Quaedvlieg et al. [10] re-defined Septoria as having pycnidial to acervular conidiomata and hyaline conidiophores that give rise to conidiogenous cells that proliferate both sympodially and percurrently to form hyaline, filiform conidia with transverse eusepta. Crous et al. [11] introduced Acervuloseptoria on account of its black, erumpent conidiomata, and the old name Septoria capensis G. Winter was transferred to this genus [12]. ...
... Crous et al. [11] introduced Acervuloseptoria on account of its black, erumpent conidiomata, and the old name Septoria capensis G. Winter was transferred to this genus [12]. More DNA sequence data are necessary to support the morphological characters in this species identification [10]. ...
... Verkley et al. [3] pointed out that for the identification of the Septoria species, morphological description must be integrated with sequences analyses. Quaedvlieg et al. [10] treated species in Septoria within a modern taxonomic framework and pointed out that Septoria spp. formed a well-defined phylogenetic clade. ...
The Karst landform is the main geographic characteristic in South China. Such areas are rich in vegetation and especially suitable for growth of shrubs and herbaceous plants. In this study, 11 Septoria strains were obtained from different plants’ leaves collected in the Kunming Botanical Garden, Yunnan Province, China. Based on single-gene and multi-gene analyses of five gene loci (tef1, rpb2, tub2, ITS, and LSU) and four gene regions (without LSU), these strains were found to belong to three independent phylogenetic lineages representing five species, including four novel taxa, and one new record for China. Five single gene trees were also provided to evaluate the effectiveness of each gene for discriminating the species, as a result of which tub2 was found to have the most suitable DNA barcode for rapid identification. Morphological descriptions, illustrations, and comparisons are provided for a more comprehensive assessment. Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) with a pairwise homoplasy index (PHI) test was used to evaluate the conclusions of the phylogenetic analyses.
... B. Frank) and Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) (anamorph: Zymoseptoria tritici (Desm.) cause fungal necrotrophic diseases of wheat and triticale [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. These pathogens are considered the most devastating pathogens in the small-grain cereals [3,[11][12][13]. ...
... The studies were conducted in 8 The seeds were sown in experimental plots (1 × 10 m) with a randomised block design. Standard tillage was applied and the plants were not chemically protected (cultivated without the application of fungicides). ...
The occurrence of necrotrophic winter wheat and triticale pathogens in eight geographical regions of Poland was studied between 2015 and 2020. Over a period of six years, the incidence of the following pathogens was monitored: Parastagonospora nodorum, Parastagonospora avenae and Zymoseptoria tritici. The significant effect of meteorological factors on the incidence of pathogens was determined. The relationship between late-season and early-season factors associated with temperature and precipitation on the severity of diseases incited by the pathogens was statistically significant. Statistical models estimating the natural occurrence and severity of diseases caused by the pathogens were developed with the random forest (RF) algorithm based on 10,412 cases of the diseases. The data were randomly divided into training and test datasets and the accuracy of models was determined by the root mean squared error (RMSE) and Pearson correlation coefficient (r). The most promising model was developed for Z. tritici with the following test metrics: RMSE = 57.5 and r = 0.862. The model can be used to link disease severity to weather and predict low severity years and high severity years. Over the period of 2015–2020, the most significant winter wheat pathogen showed to be Z. tritici, while on winter triticale P. nodorum incited disease symptoms on the largest number of leaves. The occurrence of P. avenae f. sp. triticea on winter wheat and winter triticale was the least frequent and on average was below the economic threshold.
... The dominance of Microdochium was not a surprise since strong progression of the snow mold on the analyzed plants was observed. However, the leaf spot lesions caused by Mycosphaerella [121,122] were visually much less evident in spite of the fact that this genus was even more represented in rye leaves than Microdochium. Presumably, the conditions of an early spring did not promote the aggressive behavior of non-psychrotolerant Mycosphaerella, while Microdochium could fully realize its pathogenic potential. ...
Snow mold is a severe plant disease caused by psychrophilic or psychrotolerant fungi, of which Microdochium species are the most harmful. A clear understanding of Microdochium biology has many gaps; the pathocomplex and its dynamic are poorly characterized, virulence factors are unknown, genome sequences are not available, and the criteria of plant snow mold resistance are not elucidated. Our study aimed to identify comprehensive characteristics of a local community of snow mold-causing Microdochium species colonizing a particular crop culture. By using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique, we characterized fungal and bacterial communities of pink snow mold-affected winter rye (Secale cereale) plants within a given geographical location shortly after snowmelt. Twenty-one strains of M. nivale were isolated, classified on the basis of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region, and characterized by morphology, synthesis of extracellular enzymes, and virulence. Several types of extracellular enzymatic activities, the level of which had no correlations with the degree of virulence, were revealed for Microdochium species for the first time. Our study shows that genetically and phenotypically diverse M. nivale strains simultaneously colonize winter rye plants within a common area, and each strain is likely to utilize its own, unique strategy to cause the disease using “a personal” pattern of extracellular enzymes.
... Currently, MycoBank categorizes eight species in the genus Paraphoma, and this group of organisms is actively being investigated. In the last 6 years, at least four new Paraphoma species have been described (Quaedvlieg et al. 2013;Crous et al. 2017;Moslemi et al. 2017). ...
Substantial difficulties in the morphological identification of phoma-like fungi, including Paraphoma spp., have resulted in poor understanding of the generic and species boundaries in this group of organisms. This study was devoted to the reidentification and taxonomic revision of phoma-like isolates derived from Convolvulaceae leaves collected from different geographical locations in Russia and territories of neighboring countries. The study was based primarily on sequencing phylogenetically informative loci (ITS, LSU, TUB, and RPB2) and on traditional morphological approaches. The resulting phylogenetic tree revealed three well-supported monophyletic clades, corresponding to three Paraphoma species. The new species Paraphoma melnikiae Gomzhina M. M. & Gasich E. L. was described, and a new taxonomic combination, Paraphoma convolvuli (Dearn. & House) Gomzhina M. M. & Gasich E. L., was established for Stagonospora convolvuli. Several isolates were preliminarily identified as Paraphoma cf. convolvuli and are likely new species of the genus Paraphoma, but this requires further verification.
... However, Keissleriella phragmiticola (asexual morph) is distinct from Setoseptoria phragmitis in having larger pycnidia and 5-7-transverse septate ascospores. While Setoseptoria phragmitis is characterised by smaller conidiomata and 1-3-transverse septate ascospores that are shorter in contrast to Keissleriella phragmiticola (Quaedvlieg et al. 2013). The asexual morphs in Keissleriella are distinguishable from asexual morph of Keissleriella phragmiticola in having cylindrical to bone-shaped hyaline conidia with 0-3-transversesepta (Tanaka et al. 2015). ...
This study introduces a novel holomorphic marine fungal species, Halobyssothecium estuariae (Lentitheciaceae, Pleosporales), from dead Phragmites communis. The new species has semi-immersed, subglobose or ellipsoidal, papillate, conical ascomata, clavate to subcylindrical, short pedicellate asci and 3-septate, fusoid to ellipsoidal ascospores with rounded ends, pale brown to dark brown central cells and hyaline end cells. The asexual morph has multiseptate, filiform, intercalary, catenate, branched chlamydospores that resemble Xylomyces. The asexual morph of Keissleriella phragmiticola based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF1 sequence analyses is reported. The role of molecular identification in delineating cryptic species are also discussed.
... Then, a final extension step was carried out at 72°C for 7 min . The EF1-a PCR amplification was performed according to Quaedvlieg et al. (2013). PCR products were loaded into 1% agarose gels prior to electrophoresis and amplified products were sent to Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China) for purification and sequencing. ...
Root rot symptoms were observed in fields of alfalfa in Chifeng city, Inner Mongolia, China in 2016. Disease incidences of seven alfalfa varieties planted in 2014 ranged from 56% to 95%, while incidence of Gongnong No. 1 planted in 2016 was 8%, 31% and 76% in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Paraphoma isolates were consistently recovered from black necrotic root tissues of diseased plants with a frequency of 77.1%. Based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), elongation factor 1‐α (EF1‐α) and β‐tubulin (TUB), this fungus was identified as Paraphoma radicina. Glasshouse pathogenicity experiments showed that P. radicina significantly reduced above‐ and below‐ground biomass of alfalfa plants 2 months after inoculation. Paraphoma radicina infected 70% of the plants inoculated with a root dip in conidia, and these symptoms were consistent with the symptoms in the field. Paraphoma radicina was successfully reisolated from disease roots of the inoculated alfalfa plants. This is the first report of P. radicina as the causal agent of alfalfa root rot in China. A new pathogen of alfalfa, described as Paraphoma radicina, isolated from black necrotic roots on alfalfa in Inner Mongolia, China, was identified using morphological characters, phylogenetic analysis and pathogenicity test.
... Pathogen isolated in leaves, buds, cupules and shoots of Castenea sativa. Commonly isolated from overwintered leaves of Quercus sp. Causes leaf spots on Castenea sativa.Quaedvlieg et al. (2013) Ubiquitous fungus found in soil, leaves and seeds described as primary saprotroph and plant pathogen. Common pathogen found in the phyllosphere including that of oak.Schubert et al. (2007);Jakuschkin et al. (2016) Endophyte of fruits, leaves, trunk and soil behaving as a phytopathogen or a mycoparasite. The species is insensitive to the ...
Les interactions entre micro-organismes sous-tendent de nombreux services écosystémiques, y compris la régulation des maladies des plantes cultivées. Un acteur de cette régulation est le pathobiome, défini comme le sous-ensemble des micro-organismes associés à une plante hôte en interaction avec un agent pathogène. L'un des défis actuels consiste à reconstruire les pathobiomes à partir de données de metabarcoding, pour identifier des agents potentiels de biocontrôle et pour surveiller en temps réel leurs réponses aux changements environnementaux. Plusieurs verrous méthodologiques doivent cependant être levés pour atteindre ces objectifs. Tout d’abord, il n’existe pas de consensus concernant l’approche bioinformatique la plus fiable pour déterminer l’identité et l’abondance des micro-organismes présents dans les échantillons végétaux. De plus, les réseaux microbiens construits avec les méthodes actuellement disponibles sont des réseaux d’associations statistiques entre des comptages de séquences, non directement superposables aux réseaux d’interactions (ex : compétition, parasitisme) entre micro-organismes. L’objectif de la thèse était donc de déterminer les approches bioinformatiques et statistiques les plus pertinentes pour reconstruire des réseaux d’interactions microbiennes à partir de données de metabarcoding. Le modèle d’étude était la vigne (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot noir) et l’oïdium de la vigne, Erysiphe necator. Nous avons tout d’abord déterminé l’approche bioinformatique la plus adaptée pour identifier la communauté fongique associée à ce pathogène, en comparant la capacité de 360 pipelines à retrouver la composition d’une communauté artificielle de 189 souches fongiques. DADA2 est apparu comme l’outil le plus performant. Nous avons ensuite évalué l’influence de la pratique culturale (viticulture conventionnelle vs. biologique) sur les communautés fongiques des feuilles et évalué le niveau de réplicabilité des réseaux microbiens construits avec une méthode d’inférence classique, SparCC. La réplicabilité était très faible, jetant ainsi un doute sur l’utilité de ces réseaux pour le biocontrôle et la biosurveillance. Nous avons donc utilisé une nouvelle approche statistique, le modèle PLN, qui permet de prendre en compte la variabilité environnementale, pour explorer finement le pathobiome d’Erysiphe necator. Les interactions microbiennes prédites par le modèle sont en cours de comparaison avec des expériences de confrontations de levures en co-cultures. Une approche alternative, HMSC, a également été testée sur un autre modèle biologique et certaines prédictions ont été confrontées avec succès aux données de la littérature. Les réseaux microbiens, sous réserve d’amélioration des méthodes de reconstruction, pourraient donc être utilisés pour capturer les signaux des interactions biotiques dans le pathobiome.
