Fig 6 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
Content may be subject to copyright.
Configuration of the off-line battery charger using the buck-boost PFC converter for electric vehicles.
Source publication
This paper presents an off-line battery charger based on the buck-boost power factor correction (PFC) converter for plug-in electric vehicles (EV). The integrated battery charger is obtained from the traditional three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) for EV, which operates as buck-boost converter with power factor correction ability. The PFC con...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... proposed off-line battery charger using the buck-boost PFC converter for plug-in EV is verified through PSIM circuit simulator software. The simulation configuration was shown in Fig. 6. The system parameters used in the simulation are listed in Table 1. The lithium-ion battery bank is formed by four series connected to 12V/80AH batteries, which used resistive load for simulating the charged battery condition. Fig. 7 shows the simulation results of the off-line battery charger using buck-boost PFC converter for EV in ...
Similar publications
This paper develops a digital control scheme with power factor correction for a front-end converter in an electric vehicle battery charger. The front-end converter, which is the boost-type switching-mode rectifier, takes both two roles of the battery charger including the power factor control and the robust charging performance. The proposed contro...
In order to reduce interference on the grid, a power factor correction (PFC) circuit used for electric vehicle (EV) wireless charging system is analyzed in this paper. Firstly, the load of PFC circuit is described considering current source type inverter and energy transfer coils. Then, dynamic model of boost converter used in PFC circuit is establ...
The switching device in a power converter can produce very serious electromagnetic interference (EMI). In order to solve this problem and the associated reliability and stability issues, this article aimed to analyze and model the boost power factor correction (PFC) converter according to the EMI conduction path. The sources of common-mode (CM) and...
High total harmonic distortion (THD) and ripple of input current are the two main disadvantages of a single switch discontinuous current mode boost power factor correction (PFC) converter. In this study, THD and input current ripple of conventional DCM boost converter are improved. Reduction of input current THD is achieved by reducing the discharg...
The PFC Boost converter controlled by the mode of CCM has strong non-linearity due to the use of non-linear elements such as power switch and multipliers. Here, a globally optimised control strategy of dynamic slope compensation is proposed to eliminate bifurcation, chaos behaviours. Time-varying adjustment of control efforts can achieve the optima...
Citations
... The inductive system transfers energy magnetically in the static or dynamic manner in the level 1 and level 2 rating system [11,20,21]. However, the conductive system transfer energy directly connecting the charger plug and EV [22]. The Dynamic charger operates in the wireless or contactless EV charging, when the EV is moving on the road. ...
Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) are innovative concepts that leverage the bidirectional flow of energy between electric vehicles and the electrical grid, allowing to consume energy and contribute surplus energy back to the grid when parked (at resting state). This dynamic interaction can help in balancing electricity demand and supply, enhance the grid stability, and optimize the integration of renewable energy sources. The advancement in electric vehicle battery and charger technologies has enhanced the overall electric vehicle capabilities, promoting broader adoption. While electric vehicles offer environmental and economic advantages, the charging process can exert adverse effects on existing network operations. To address these issues, suitable charging management strategies are still in the research process. Therefore, a battery charging infrastructure with multiple features using minimum number of semiconductor components is the need and demand of time. However, many solutions of V2G and G2V use greater number of switches. Which increase the weight and size of the charging infrastructure as the most challenging task. In this research, a novel V2G and G2V infrastructure with minimum number of switches and Active Power Filter, working in three modes of operation has been proposed. In V2G mode, the inverter/rectifier part of the charging system can feed the available power at the dc link into the grid. In addition, in G2Vmode, it can generate the power into the dc-link for onward submission into the battery bank. In this study the proposed system consists of a back-end novel high current density bidirectional converter connected with the battery bank of the vehicle and a three-phase inverter/rectifier at the front, connected with the grid. The high current density current is specially designed to manage high input current from the battery with minimum number of the switches. Moreover, high frequency transformer is employed as a galvanic isolation to isolate the grid from the battery bank. The proposed converter can successfully step-up the low battery bank voltage to high dc-link voltage in order, to feed its battery bank power into the grid according to the system need. On the other hand, in reverse mode of operation, the dc-link voltage can be step down from dc-link voltage to low battery bank voltage. This paper provides an intricate control scheme i.e. model predictive control (MPC) designed for the high current density bidirectional dc-dc converter and the inverter/rectifier. The MPC ensures a promising regulating operation of a bidirectional dc-dc converter by providing constant voltage at the dc-link and regulate the power sharing into the grid at the inverter. In active power filter mode, when the system remains idle and there is no vehicle connected to the grid, the system works as active power filter and remove the harmonics inside the grid which may be generated by different non-liner loads connected in the same grid. The intensive simulation using MATLAB/Simulink validate the performance of the circuit as well as the control schemes for all the subparts of the proposed system. The switches stress and the output/input voltages of the high current density bidirectional dc-dc converter shows superior performance with minimum number of switches. The results verify that, the MPC control of inverter shows superior performance with THD of 0.68% for linear load. The feasibility of the suggested topology and its outstanding performance in addressing both V2G and G2V mode of operation have been confirmed through simulation outcomes. It effectively compensates reactive power and mitigates current harmonic distortion selectively.
... In [7][8][9], the boost converter is characterized by simplicity of control, it can provide an output voltage consistently high and has ripples in the output voltage. The Cuk converter combines the two advantages of buck and boosts output voltage except that it is reversed polarity as demonstrated in [10,11]. To overcome the disadvantages of the dc-dc converters mentioned above, we have chosen the SEPIC dc-dc converter for the PFC circuit. ...
The quality of electrical energy has become a strategic issue for all economic actors. Its efficiency is reduced due to multiple disturbances and harmonic injections caused by the different connected loads. The electric vehicle (EV) takes an important place among these loads that take their energy from the grid through charging stations. In this paper, a solution to improve the power factor and reduce the harmonic injection is proposed by introducing a power factor correction (PFC) circuit in the charging stations. It is realized by a single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) that allows isolation between the load and the electrical network. In addition, it offers hardware minimization since it operates simultaneously in boost and buck without polarity reversal. A control technique based on the sliding mode control (SMC) technique is proposed for harmonic reduction and power factor correction. SMC is used to maintain the output voltage of the SEPIC converter at its desired value, improve the power factor (PF) and reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD). A software-in-the-loop (SIL) simulation using a real-time simulation platform (RT LAB) is performed to confirm the system's performance.
... In the study proposed in [20], a buck converter is used has also been mitigated by applying the larger duty-cycle percentage variable width PWM signals. In the study proposed in [21], the PFC controller regulates the battery voltage and controls the supply current of the converter to achieve unity power factor. In addition to these, boost converters are also widely used [22], [23]. ...
In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) model is developed for the purpose of estimating the output current ripple of a power factor correction (PFC) AC/DC interleaved boost converter (IBC) used in battery charger of electrical vehicles (EVs) based on the inductance current ripple, switching frequency and load changes. Besides, the improved ANN model is compared with some different machine learning (ML) techniques like linear regression (LR), random forest (RF). The PFC-IBC is simulated with the PSIM simulation program to estimate the output current ripple. As a result, 336 output current ripple values are obtained based on inductance current ripple, different switching frequency and load changes. Then, the value of output current ripple is estimated by training the input parameters with LR, RF and ANN machine learning techniques (MLTs) for controlling the current harmonics drawn from the grid and for reliable charging of batteries. It is seen that the estimation value obtained with MLTs is quite compatible with the actual value obtained with the simulation. In addition, in the study carried out with the simulation, it takes a period of several days to obtain the estimation results; whereas, the operation of estimation with MLTs can be completed in a short period such as a few minutes. This clearly reveals the advantage of the MLTs. Therefore, this value is estimated through the MLTs with a high accuracy before the design of the charging device in order to maintain at a secure level the output current ripple posing considerable importance in electrical vehicle battery charge. Also, in this estimation process, LR, RF and developed ANN techniques are examined and compared separately in the WEKA program and it is observed that the developed ANN model proposes better results than other techniques.
... Além disso, também atua corrigindo o fator de potência na entrada do sistema, de forma que possa permanecer dentro dos limites estipulados por norma [5]. Neste estágio é convencionalmente empregado um retificador em ponte completa, juntamente com um conversor CC-CC boost, constituindo a topologia boost PFC, onde a sigla PFC corresponde a Power Factor Correction [11]. ...
O uso de meios de transporte elétricos está em plena expansão. Esse fato nos leva a implementação de novas tecnologias relacionadas ao seu método de carregamento. Atualmente, o carregamento sem fio, conhecido como sistema WPT (Wireless Power Transfer), está sendo amplamente estudado e implementado. Assim, este trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica dos principais aspectos e características desse sistema, além de seus estágios de operação. Com base nessas informações, é proposto o projeto de um carregador WPT de 5 kW operando em 85 kHz, respeitando os padrões previstos na norma SAE J2954. Por fim, o circuito é simulado para validação da metodologia de projeto.
... The buck-boost converter is a kind of common power electronic converter, which has the characteristics of step-up or step-down, simple structure, and easy grounding [1][2][3]. Therefore, it is widely used in social applications, such as solar power [4][5][6], battery technology [7,8], vehicles [9,10], light emitting diode (LED)lamp driver [11], and telecommunication equipment [12]. However, the buck-boost converter is a typical nonminimum phase system, where when the output voltage is taken as the control input, its approximate linear system will have the system zeros on the right half of the s-plane, which leads to system instability and brings great difficulties to the controller design of the converter [13]. ...
Due to the nonlinear and nonminimum phase characteristics of the buck-boost converter, the design of its controller has always been a challenging problem. In this paper, a multi-index feedback linearization control strategy is proposed to design the controller of the buck-boost converter. Firstly, by constructing an appropriate output function, the original nonlinear system is mapped into a combination of a linear subsystem and a nonlinear subsystem. Then, according to the structural characteristics of these two subsystems, the linear optimal control theory is adopted for the control design of the linear subsystem to make it have a good output performance, while for the nonlinear subsystem, the coefficient of the output function is adjusted to ensure its stability. Finally, based on the Hartman–Grobman theorem, the internal mechanism and coefficient adjustment basis of the proposed method are revealed; that is, by adjusting the coefficient of the output function and the feedback coefficient of the linear control law, the poles of the system are configured to achieve the purpose of adjusting the static and dynamic performance of the system. The simulation results show the feasibility and superiority of using the multi-index feedback linearization control strategy to design the nonlinear control law of the buck-boost converter.
... DC-DC converter with various control systems is commonly used in the industry. The authors of [14] utilized the buckboost converter to increase power factor. In [15] sinusoidal current supply is achieved by employing the buckboost converter and Proportional Integral (PI) controller to reach a unity power factor. ...
... The battery life of the standby mode can range from a few months to ten years or more. High-energy capacitive batteries can be constructed in sequential-parallel or parallel-sequential circuits [34][35][36]. ...
Increasing the efficiency of hybrid ship propulsion complexes (CPC) according to various criteria of energy management strategies.On the basis of classification of topologies of circuitry solutions of ship power plants (SPP) of the CPC, for mechanical, electric and hybrid types of engines, the flowchart of control strategies for the criterion of minimum energy consumption is defined. The change in the technical component of the traditional approach to the construction of hybrid CPC's power systems applies the principle of modifying the structure of the SPP with the integration of an additional static power supply as the dynamic reserve, which has allowed meeting the current energy efficiency requirements, vibration levels, noise and degradation effects produced for the SPP CPC in all energy fields for energy transfer to propellers. The simulation of energy transfer to propellers in MatLab/Simulink is carried out using optimization blocks and identifying markers. The result is to identify the main advantages and disadvantages of SPP CPC depending on the topology of energy distribution systems. In accordance with the chosen structure of the electricity distribution system, the principles of the transmission of electricity in the SPP of the CPC and energy systems and their management strategies in terms of improving efficiency and elimination of these shortcomings were obtained. Finally, the mathematical apparatus for researching energy transfer processes from the point of view of designing and managing the methods of designing and controlling the hybrid SPP of the CPC has been improved in order to reduce fuel consumption, emissions to the environment and increase the level of maintainability, flexibility and comfort. The originality of the proposed methodology is to improve the implementation of the SPP CPC by developing methods for identifying markers of degradation effects that affect the processes in the SPP CPC, and in implementing these methods in the calculation and information systems. The method involves the iterative optimization options of the SPP CPC; it can be used as an intellectual design tool, which is the result of the use of improved SPP CPC performance.
... Buck converter is used when the voltage of battery is lower than the PV panel [2]. Researchers have also used buck-boost converter [3] and SEPIC converter [4] for solar battery charger application. ...
... The car must be designed accordingly to minimise weight. Low resistance tyres and pressure monitoring systems are, also, in need of implementation [97][98][99]. ...
As concerns of oil depletion and security of supply remain as severe as ever, and faced with the consequences of climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions, Europe is increasingly looking at alternatives to traditional road transport technologies. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) are seen as a promising technology, which could lead to the decarbonisation of the Light Duty Vehicle fleet and to independence from oil. However it still has to overcome some significant barriers to gain social acceptance and obtain appreciable market penetration. This review evaluates the technological readiness of the different elements of BEV technology and highlights those technological areas where important progress is expected. Techno-economic issues linked with the development of BEVs are investigated. Current BEVs in the market need to be more competitive than other low carbon vehicles, a requirement which stimulates the necessity for new business models. Finally, the all-important role of politics in this development is, also, discussed. As the benefit of BEVs can help countries meet their environmental targets, governments have included them in their roadmaps and have developed incentives to help them penetrate the market.
... Modern EV chargers are designed in such a way that they can have a buck/boost converter topology or combination of a buck-boost converter to achieve active power factor correction (PFC). 31 The design of converter topology discussed in Aguilar et al 32 used a dedicated diode bridge, which is used for rectification purpose; the converted AC input voltage is then followed by the boost topology. The other topology addressed in Musavi et al 33 did not utilize the bridge circuit at the input, so avoiding the need for a rectified input bridge called bridgeless boost PFC circuit. ...
... 64,65 Generally, the expected charging time of EVs is overnight duration at home by different EV owners as described by Electric Power Research Institute. 31 Due to this reason, the primary options will be to utilize the charging equipment of power levels 1 and 2. 11 ...
The advancement and deployment of electric vehicle (EV) technologies are considered as an emergent solution to meet the current and future energy crises. The electrification of transportation systems is a promising approach to green the transportation systems and to reduce the issues of climate change. This paper investigates the present status, latest deployment, and challenging issues in the implementation of EV infrastructure, charging power levels, in conjunction with several charging power topologies, and analyzes EV impacts and prospects in society. In this study, the on‐board and off‐board categories of charging systems with unidirectional and bidirectional power flow comparison are addressed. Moreover, an extensive analysis of unidirectional and bidirectional chargers is presented. Unidirectional charging offers hardware limitation and reduces the interconnection issues. Bidirectional charging provides the fundamental feature of vehicle‐to‐grid technology. Furthermore, the beneficial and harmful impacts of EVs are categorized with remedial measures for harmful impacts and prolific benefits for beneficial impacts. This paper investigates the present status, latest deployment and challenging issues in the implementation of EV infrastructure, charging power levels, in conjunction with several charging power topologies and analyzes EV impacts and prospects in society. In this study, the on‐board and off‐board categories of charging systems with unidirectional and bidirectional power flow comparison are addressed. Furthermore, the beneficial and harmful impacts of EVs are categorized with remedial measures for harmful impacts and prolific benefits for beneficial impacts.
