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Configuration of the half‐mode substrate‐integrated waveguide band‐pass filter loaded by (A) the conventional complementary split‐ring resonator unit‐cell and (B) the proposed modified complementary split‐ring resonator unit‐cell
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A novel super compact filter based on half‐mode substrate‐integrated waveguide (HMSIW) technology loaded by the modified complementary split‐ring resonator (MCSRR) is proposed. The working principle of the proposed filter is based on the evanescent‐mode propagation technique. According to this technique, by loading the complementary split‐ring reso...
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... Hereat, the development of the wide suppression band filters with compact size and low-cost have become a challenging issue for the researchers. So as to overcome these challenging issues, many new filter design topologies and configurations such as photonic bandgap (PBG) [8], split ring resonators (CSRR) [9], stepped impedance resonator (SIR) [10], substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) [11] and defected ground structures (DGS) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] have been proposed in the literature. According to the finding of the previous studies, it was observed that DGS technique can achieve more compact and wider suppression bandwidth rather than other configurations [24]. ...
This article deals with design and development of a novel 7th order low-pass filter with defected ground structures for S-band applications. The proposed LPF structure was comprised of dumbbell shaped interdigital defected ground structures and open stubs as series inductor and shunt capacitor in the pass band. In addition, an equivalent circuit model was derived and optimized to achieve a 3-dB cut off frequency about 4 GHz with a reflection coefficient of better than −20 dB. Moreover, proposed low-pass filter was manufactured on a Rogers RO4003C substrate with a dielectric constant of 3.38, the dissipation factor of 0.0027. The developed LPF has a very flat pass-band with a transmission coefficient less than −0.5 dB and the measured transmission coefficient better than −18 dB in the passband (DC-3.6 GHz). Meanwhile, the prototype has a 20 dB harmonic suppression level in the frequency range from 5.54 GHz up to 43.5 GHz. Furthermore, the measured peak to peak group delay variation was less than 170 ps in the passband. The proposed filter has a very compact size of 195.3 mm2.
... In [12], the back-wave evanescent-mode transmission supported by the complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) metamaterial with negative permittivity is implemented in SIW for the first time, as well as several compact bandpass filters. Then, various reinforced versions of CSRR, including the open CSRR (OCSRR), the steppedimpedance-resonator-loaded CSRR (SIR-CSRR), the doublesided stepped-impedance complementary split-ring resonator (DS-SICSRR), the fractal open CSRR (FOCSRR), and the modified CSRR (MCSRR), are developed [13][14][15][16][17]. These novel topologies have been successfully investigated to exhibit notable advantages in terms of size miniaturization. ...
... GHz, with the RSR over conventional HMSIW-CSRR being 23.8% and 39.6%. Furthermore, the HMSIW-OCSRR and HMSIW-FOCSRR in [16] and the HMSIW-MCSRR in [17] show fundamental eigenmodes working at 1.435 GHz, 1.165 GHz and 1.176 GHz, and achieved Q c of 82.273, 72.593 and 85.801, respectively, with the frequencies of their three higher-order eigenmodes ranges from 2.369 GHz to 9.434 GHz. They have separately achieved RSR values of 55.0%, 70.3%, and 69.8% as well. ...
... Finally, table 1 summarizes a brief comparison between the proposed evanescent-mode HMSIW-IRCSRR filters and some reported similar works. Firstly, compared with the reported one-pole filters in [13,[15][16][17], the proposed one-pole filter exhibits similar transmission properties and remarkable size reduction. More exactly, the proposed one-pole filter achieves relative size-reduction of 96.3%, 84.5%, 84.5% and 66.7% over those filters of [13,[15][16][17], respectively. ...
In this work, metamaterial-enabled ultra-compact evanescent-mode half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) bandpass filters are developed by loading inner-rotary complementary split-ring resonator (IRCSRR) on reinforced hydrocarbon polymer ceramic composites substrate. In the proposed IRCSRR, inner-rotary slots are etched inside the conventional CSRR metamaterials to enhance the product of equivalent inductance and capacitance without occuping extra circuit area. Therefore, as compared with the conventional CSRR-based ones, the proposed HMSIW-IRCSRR filters can obtain much more size reduction with the same operation frequency, with a relative size reduction over 85%. Similar as the conventional CSRR case, the evanescent-mode transmission below the dominant cutoff frequency of HMSIW can be produced by the unnatural negative permittivity effect of the proposed IRCSRR, and a transmission zero (TZ) at the upper stopband can be simultaneously generated by the mutual coupling between HMSIW and IRCSRR. Then, to improve the upper stopband performance, source-load coupling topology is utilized in the two-pole filters, which can produce multiple extra TZs. Meanwhile, multiple microstrip L/T-shaped open stubs are employed to introduce hybrid low-pass effect to further extend the upper stopband much wider. To demonstrate the availability of the aforementioned concepts, a series of HSMIW-IRCSRR filters are experimentally designed, fabricated and verified. Measured results show that both ultra-compact sizes and excellent frequency-selecting performance are achieved simultaneously, as well as good agreement with the simulations, all of which illustrating quite good promises for practical radio frequency and lower frequency microwave applications.
... Several procedures to reduce the occupation areas of the SIW structures have been developed which the most important of these methods are folding [19] and, half-mode [20]. An attractive technique for miniaturization of the SIW platform is the evanescent mode technique [21][22][23]. Based on the theory of the evanescent-mode propagation, an additional passband below the waveguide cut-off frequency can be achieved by engraving electric dipoles on the metal surface of the SIW structure [21][22][23]. ...
... An attractive technique for miniaturization of the SIW platform is the evanescent mode technique [21][22][23]. Based on the theory of the evanescent-mode propagation, an additional passband below the waveguide cut-off frequency can be achieved by engraving electric dipoles on the metal surface of the SIW structure [21][22][23]. ...
... The resonance frequencies of the MCSRR unit-cell and the FCSRR unit-cell, are less than compared to the conventional CSRR with the same sizes [21][22][23]. In fact, by choosing these new configurations, the electrical size of them are decreased without occupying the extra spaces. ...
In this paper, a novel miniaturized dual-band (DB) substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filter using metamaterial unit-cells with high selectivity is proposed. The working principle of the introduced configuration is based on the theory of evanescent-mode propagation. Two passbands which are propagating below the SIW cut-off frequency have been generated separately by etching two different types of metamaterial unit-cells on the SIW surface. Because the central frequencies of each unit-cells are different, two different passbands for WiMAX and WLAN applications have been achieved. The resonance frequencies of each unit-cells can be arbitrarily controlled. Consequently, the center frequencies of the designed unit-cells could be independently tuned by resizing the dimensions of each unit-cells. To design of the proposed DB SIW BPF with miniaturized dimension, three different techniques have been used which are the evanescent mode propagation technique, the fractal technique and the meander technique. To demonstrate and verify the novel property of the proposed DB SIW filters, the proposed one- and two-stage filters are fabricated and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. The results confirmation that a miniaturization about 42% has been obtained. The whole size of the presented DB SIW BPF is only 0.19 λg × 0.07 λg.
... Bandpass filters and power dividers are two most important and essential components in microwave circuits for selecting signals and dividing power, respectively [11][12][13][14]. At lower frequencies, these components suffer from the large size. ...
A filtering power divider based on air-filled substrate-integrated waveguide (AFSIW) technology is proposed in this study. The AFSIW structure is used in the proposed filtering power divider for substantially reducing the transmission losses. This structure occupies a large area because of the use of air as a dielectric instead of typical dielectric materials. A filtering power divider provides power division and frequency selectivity simultaneously in a single device. The proposed filtering power divider comprises three AFSIW cavities. The filtering function is achieved using symmetrical inductive posts. The input and output ports of the proposed circuit are realized by directly connecting coaxial lines to the AFSIW cavities. This transition from the coaxial line to the AFSIW cavity eliminates the additional transitions, such as AFSIW-SIW and SIW-conductor-backed coplanar waveguide, applied in existing AFSIW circuits. The proposed power divider with a second-order bandpass filtering response is fabricated and measured at 5.5 GHz. The measurement results show that this circuit has a minimum insertion loss of 1 dB, 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 11.2%, and return loss exceeding 11 dB.
... The concept of metamaterials with unusual electromagnetic properties is man-made electromagnetic materials that are not found available in nature. [19][20][21] These artificial materials can be realized by negative permittivity or/and permeability. [19][20][21] Metamaterial structures are good candidates for designing microwave devices with novel applications because of their unusual electromagnetic properties. ...
... [19][20][21] These artificial materials can be realized by negative permittivity or/and permeability. [19][20][21] Metamaterial structures are good candidates for designing microwave devices with novel applications because of their unusual electromagnetic properties. Metamaterials can be realized by resonance or nonresonance structures which the resonant type approach has been more used for the design of microwave components such as BPFs and PDs. ...
... Metamaterials can be realized by resonance or nonresonance structures which the resonant type approach has been more used for the design of microwave components such as BPFs and PDs. [19][20][21] In this article, a novel single-layer DB HMSIW filter and three equal/unequal DB HMSIW FPDs with supercompact sizes have been proposed. The working principle of the proposed components is based on the evanescent mode technique. ...
In this article, a novel single‐layer dual‐band (DB) half‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) filter and three equal/unequal DB HMSIW filtering power dividers (FPDs) with super‐compact sizes have been proposed. In order to design the proposed devices, the evanescent mode technique and the metamaterial concept have been used, simultaneously. Two passbands have been generated below the cut‐off frequency of the HMSIW structure by etching a new compact DB metamaterial unit cell with effective negative permittivity in two different frequencies on the metal surface of the HMSIW structure. The center frequencies of these two passbands can be simply controlled by changing the size of the DB metamaterial unit cell. To confirm the design concept, three prototypes of the DB structures working at 2.4 and 3.5 GHz are simulated, constructed, and measured. The overall dimension of the designed DB HMSIW filter and DB HMSIW FPDs are approximately 0.12 λg × 0.11 λg. Compared to other existing devices, the performance of the proposed structures is very satisfactory. Compact size, easy integration, easy fabrication process, low cost, low loss, and high selectivity are the advantages of the designed structures.
... Therefore, this configuration needs a technique to decrease its dimension. Half-mode SIW (HMSIW) [20], folded SIW (FSIW) [21], ridge SIW (RSIW) [22] and the evanescent mode propagation technique [23] are some of methods to reduce the size of the conventional SIW structures. ...
... The stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) technique is introduced into SIW-CSRR filters design in [9]. A modified CSRR (MCSRR) is proposed in [10] by inner extending the split in menderline shape for HMSIW filter implementation. Moreover, the fractal open CSRR (FOCSRR) and G-shaped resonator (CGR) are presented in [11] and [12] to reduce the circuitry physical sizes, respectively. ...
... Firstly, it can be easily obtained that Table 2, the proposed HMSIW-SECSRR filters are with the smallest relative electrical size and smallest insertion loss, as well as reduced fabrication tolerance sensitivity. Although the works in [8,10,11] are with much higher center frequencies that might increase the insertion loss, the proposed filters are still with attractive performance. Actually, according to the datasheet released by Angels Electronics, the SMA connector can contribute to the insertion loss with a value of 0.06 · f 0.5 dB, where f is in GHz. ...
... Actually, according to the datasheet released by Angels Electronics, the SMA connector can contribute to the insertion loss with a value of 0.06 · f 0.5 dB, where f is in GHz. Hence, as the proposed one-pole and two-pole Type-III HMSIW-SECSRR filters are redesigned with a center frequency around 5.5 GHz, its insertion loss would be 0.52 + 0.141 = 0.661 dB and 0.96 + 0.141 = 1.101 dB, respectively, which is still much lower than that in [8,10,11]. Moreover, the proposed HMSIW-SECSRR filters also achieve similar return loss performance to those in [8][9][10], only worse than those in [11,12]. ...
... 8,9 Especially, fractional-mode SIW cavities have demonstrated a conceptual route for component miniaturization. Many miniaturized filters and antennas with good performance have been reported by using half modes, [10][11][12] quarter modes (QMs), 13,14 and even eighth modes. 15,16 So far, however, no works have been reported to integrate these filters and antennas in a single SIW cavity. ...
A dual‐functional substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity which integrates a filter and two antennas is proposed in this article. Three slots are etched to divide a single cavity into four quarter‐mode subcavities. Two equal subcavities are utilized to design a second‐order filter. Mixed coupling is induced by this slot‐etched structure, where a controllable transmission zero can be generated in the lower or upper stopband. Two unequal subcavities are utilized to design two integrated antennas. By adjusting their areas, the frequency ratio of these two antennas achieves a wide range of 0.55‐1.81. In addition, the overall port isolation of higher than 21.0 dB is obtained by optimizing slot length. The proposed design has been validated by experimental results of a fabricated prototype. With advantages of low profile, light weight, suitable isolation, and flexible design, it has potential applications for modern wireless communication.
... Power dividers and bandpass filters are widely used in microwave systems for power dividing and signal selection. 1,2 At low gigahertz frequency region, these components usually occupy a large area. On the other hand, the cascade of a power divider and bandpass filter will lead to a large circuit size and high insertion loss. ...
In this article, a compact single‐layer filtering power divider based on third‐mode circular substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavities is proposed. The third‐mode SIW technique is introduced to divide an SIW cavity into three cavities and get 66% size reduction. The proposed power divider is composed of three third‐mode circular SIW cavities within a circuit with the size of a circular SIW cavity. The power is coupled from the input cavity to two output cavities through the electric coupling, separately. To achieve a more size reduction, the designed cavities are corrugated along the cutting planes. By increasing the length of the corrugated edges, the center frequency can be easily shifted to lower frequencies. In order to prove the proposed design procedure, the presented power divider with a second‐order bandpass filtering response is designed and fabricated. Reasonable agreements between the measured and simulated results are found. The measured results show that the power divider achieves an insertion loss of 1.2 dB at 5.61 GHz, return loss of higher than 14 dB, and 3‐dB fractional bandwidth of 7.8%. The results show that this power divider has the advantages of the compact size, high selectivity, and single‐layer structure.
A novel low-loss and miniaturized triple-band band-pass filter (BPF) and triple-band filtering power dividers (FPDs) with arbitrary power division ratio using half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) have been proposed in this paper. The working mechanism of the introduced components is based on the evanescent mode technique which is one the most important techniques to reduce the dimension of the microwave structures. Other methods which are used in this work to miniaturize the total size of the proposed configurations are the half-mode technique, the stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) technique, and the meander technique. Accordingly, a triple-band BPF and three triple-band equal/unequal FPDs with the power division ratios of 1:1, 4:1, and 8:1, have been designed and simulated working at 2.35, 3.7, and 5.65 GHz using the mentioned techniques. Therefore, the total size of the proposed components is very small and is less than 0.01 λ
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. The designed triple-band BPF and triple-band FPD with equal power division ratio have been fabricated under the printed circuit boards (PCBs) process and measured to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed designs. The simulation results show good agreement with the measurement results.
