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This study evaluates the splitting tensile strength of lightweight foamed concrete (LWFC) reinforced with steel fibres from waste tyres. The volume fractions of the steel fibres used were 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% by total volume of concrete. Mix ratio of 1:2.25 (cement: sand) was used with 0.5 water/cement ratio. The splitting tensile strength decr...
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A study of the performance of reinforced normal (ordinary) (NC) concrete and Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) of Beam-Column Joints under reversed cyclic loading was carried out. For this purpose, specimens of full-scale 3 m in height reinforced beam-column joints made with NC and RPC were investigated. RPC joints were made by mixing 20% of the cemen...
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... Table 4 denotes an increase of 30% in the flexural strength due to the addition of 0.25% polypropylene fiber. The flexural strength of foamed was assessed by incorporating several types of fibres, including polyolefin (19) , polypropylene (20) , and waste tyre steel fibres (21) , into the base mixture prior to the addition of foams. The addition of these fibres resulted in a slight improvement in the flexural strength of foamed concrete. ...
... One of the most commonly used construction materials is concrete [1]. High compression resistance and low tensile resistance describe this material. ...
... Concrete is a brittle material with low tensile and strain capacities (Atoyebi, Odeyemi, Bello, & Ogbeifun, 2018). The incorporation of a small amount of randomly arranged fibers (steel, glass, polypropylene, and synthetic) can overcome this property, which limits the application of the materials (Vairagade & Kene, 2013;Yuan & Jia, 2021). ...
... Concrete is a brittle material with various uses in structures, foundations, reservoirs, roads, bridges, dams, pre-cast members, and walls [1][2][3]. Accordingly, extensive research is directed toward improving concrete characteristics for more practical utilization [4][5][6][7]. Out of many, one direction was the steel reinforcement in concrete in the form of reinforcing bars positioned at particular locations in the respective structural members for bearing shear and tensile stresses [8][9][10]. ...
... In refractory concrete, adding steel fibers can bear higher thermal stress more effectively than conventional refractory concrete [14]. However, the need for sustainable development in parallel with enhanced performance of concrete has directed the attention of researchers to use recycled steel fibers instead of conventional ones [4,[17][18][19][20][21][22]. ...
... The additional interlocking mechanism is provided by variable diameter and length of WRTSF, as 50% enhanced STS was reported upon incorporating 0.75% volumetric content WRTSFs [188]. However, Atoyebi et al. [4] concluded their research with 14% enhanced concrete STS having 0.6% WRTSF content. The percentage difference of WRTSFreinforced concrete STS with respect to the reference specimen in light of the reported literature [83,87,161,179,180] is presented in Figure 14. ...
A bulk volume of waste tires, an underrated global resource, is disposed of in landfills worldwide. Extracting recycled steel fibers from these tires is an evolving trend nowadays. The outcomes of concrete having steel fibers sourced from end-of-life tires are alike industrial steel fibers. Accordingly, the attention of researchers is focused nowadays on using alternative recycled steel fibers in place of industrial steel fibers in concrete. In the current study, the review focuses on waste recycle tire steel fiber (WRTSF)-reinforced concrete applications, considering different lengths and contents for finding the research gap in this research domain. The results and methods to recycle WRTSFs in existing studies are compiled and briefed. The adoption of appropriate composition and characteristics like length, diameter, content, etc., of WRTSFs can be made by using this study to improve the mechanical properties of respective composites. Therefore, the aim of this evaluation is to encourage the application of concrete reinforced with WRTSF for different construction purposes, including but not limited to pavements, tunnel linings, bridge decks, hydraulic structures, and slope stabilization. The study seeks to provide guidance on the appropriate composition and characteristics of WRTSFs to improve the mechanical properties of the composite material.
... WRTS fibers have varied geometry in terms of shapes, lengths, and diameters [44]. As mentioned earlier, numerous studies are concluded with enhanced mechanical properties of WRTS fiber reinforced concrete [105,110,[161][162][163]. ...
The worldwide enhancement in the accumulation of waste tires and associated upcoming environmental and social concerns are becoming the primary intimidations. Waste tires are considered an undervalued resource globally, and their sheer volume is used to be disposed of in landfills, a primary concern. Instead of disposing of waste materials after recycling, the utilization can have a considerable impact. The trend of extracting steel fibers from waste tires is emerging nowadays. Incorporating waste recycled tire steel (WRTS) fibers, obtained from waste tires in concrete is a potential profit-gaining engineering application. But there are still some challenges, like WRTS fibers' suitable volumetric content and length selection, which need to be addressed by having in-depth exploration. Research has been conducted on incorporating reused waste materials in cementitious composites. Concrete ingredients are meant to provide strength, but adding reused waste materials to concrete helps reduce environmental pollution and make it sustainable and economical. In previous literature, the impact of such waste fibers on the key properties of concrete, such as ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive, splitting-tensile and flexural strengths, energy absorption, modulus of elasticity, toughness, and ductility, were investigated. Adding WRTS fibers to concrete can enhance its compressive strength by more than 10% and flexural strength by more than 50%. This paper aims to review the application of WRTS fiber-reinforced concrete to identify the research gap for researchers in this direction. The available research outcomes and the recycling process of WRTS fibers are summarized and discussed. It is concluded that incorporating WRTS fibers in concrete would result in sustainable development by providing economical and environment-friendly construction materials with improved mechanical properties.
... Leone, M. et al. [17] found that the tensile strength reduced from 5.06 MPa to 4.55 MPa after adding 0.46% RSF by volume. However, a 14-30% increase in splitting tensile strength was obtained in other research with different RSF content [18,19]. The possible reason for these conflict results is that RSF generally has some special properties as follows: (1) irregular shapes; (2) rubber coating on the surface; (3) various lengths; (4) residual magnetization due to the electromagnetic extraction procedure [20]. ...
To facilitate the recycling of waste solids in cement-based materials, plastic-rubber (PR) compound modified mortar (PRM) samples and recycled steel fiber (RSF)-reinforced plastic-rubber modified mortar (PRSRM) samples were prepared and tested to evaluate their mechanical and drying shrinkage properties. PR compound particles, with a mesh size of #8, replaced the natural aggregates with four volume percentages: 2%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. The fiber was added with a constant volume fraction of 0.2%. Accordingly, control mortar, PRM mortar with different PR replacement ratios, and PRSRM mortar with RSF were prepared and tested. A numerical splitting tension test model was also established based on the two-dimensional Distinct Element Method (DEM) to investigate the crack initiation and propagation mechanism of the PRM samples. The mechanical test results indicated that the addition of RSF enlarged the compressive strength by 14–27% PRM samples. Meanwhile, both PR and RSF improved mortar flexural behavior by increasing the fracture energy. The SEM image of a fracture surface and DEM simulation showed the crack propagation path was changed by PR particles due to its lower stiffness. Meanwhile, the 7-days drying shrinkage length change was reduced by about 25% due to the PR’s porous structure and water-retaining ability. Overall, the sustainable material design with the combination of PR and RSF would promote the full-recycling of waste tires in cement-based materials.
... The test specimen of size 100 × 200 is placed in the machine carefully. The central jig is placed in the splitting tensile strength testing machine so that the test specimen is located centrally [19]. In this scenario, the load is applied gradually and the load amount is increased rapidly at a nominal rate . ...
Cement is a hazardous and expensive material that is used in the production of concrete, where the cost of the concrete is minimized by replacing the cement with similar cementitious materials. According to the report of the national thermal power corporation, the production of fly ash is rising each year as a result of increasing demand for electricity. In this research paper, an attempt has been done by replacing cement with fly ash as an alternative material. The concrete samples are prepared with different compositions by using different percentages (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%) of fly ash. In this research, the behaviour of the fly ash concrete is investigated by different strength-related properties; compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength at various curing time periods of 7, 28, 56, 90, and 180 days. In the experimental section, the developed fly ash concrete obtained maximum compressive strength of 83.50 N / mm ² , a flexural strength of 6.60 N / mm ² and a splitting tensile strength of 4.90 N / mm ² on the 180 th day in the composition of 450 kg / m ³ and 0.4W/B ratio. Percentage gain of compressive, split tensile and flexural tests for 450 kg/m ³ at 0.4 W/B ratio at 180 days curing is 13%, 9% and 13% with 30% fly ash replacement when compared to 350 kg/m ³ binder content. Proportional increase of cement content also leads to increase fly ash content in concrete. Fly ash has potential of filling pores because of having finer particles and performs pozzolanic action which resulted in attaining high strength even after optimum replacement when compared to conventional concrete.
... It has been reported that when the amount of RSF is less than 0.4% (volume of friction) results in decreasing the ultimate tensile splitting strength. This phenomenon was explained as when the amount of RSF is less than the optimum value, then the porosity was increased and consequently the reinforcing effect of the RSF in cement matrix decreased [103]. Recently, the tensile behaviour of RSFRC was evaluated with different contents of RSF ranging from 0% to 10% using the indirect splitting tensile test [92]. ...
Recently the Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHFRC) presents remarkable advantages compared to the other types of concrete. Compared to the ordinary concrete, higher packing density was achieved using refine aggregates which resulted in increasing density by the percentage of 15% and consequently compressive strength of 160%. Additionally, higher durability focusing lower water absorption factor of 1 and chloride ion diffusion of 1 mm were reported. The main drawback is related to the initial cost of this material which are mainly related to the higher prices of cement and steel fibre which limited to use it frequently. Based on this fact the paper is prepared by introducing potentialities of using some recycled materials which can be utilized for producing some eco-efficient and affordable UHPFRC. Emphasis is given for employing Recycled Steel Fibre (RSF) from end-life tires for reinforcing cementitious matrix concrete and spent Equilibrium catalyst (Ecat) from the oil refinery company to be partially replaced by sand and/or cement in concrete mixtures.
Detrimental effects of RSF by 4% decreasing the compressive strength was reported in the literature for producing HPC due to adverse effects of rubbers and synthetic particles attached to the RSF. Consequently, maximum volume of these particles was suggested no to be more than 5%. Tensile properties improvement of HPC was reported using RSF by increasing ductility and postcracking behaviour with higher than 1% volume of friction RSF. Regarding to the effects of RSF on the early age concrete, 67% of shrinkage was reported to be occurred at the end of 4 days casting. Higher affinity for water absorption of Ecat was fund to be important factor in decreasing workability of fresh mortars which affects the initial and final setting time. Compressive strength improvement about 45% was reported when 15%–20% of cement was replaced by Ecat.
... The large use of crushed aggregates, for example, sand and crushed limestone to make concrete has led to severe issues of land pollution and cause huge problems for the environment [3][4][5]. Using lightweight aggregates, for example, shale, furnace slag, and pumice, rather than regular crushed limestone can make lightweight concrete [6,7]. Lightweight aggregate concrete has plenty of focal points, including better imperviousness to fire, heat protection, frost resistance, and sound absorption [8,9]. ...
In the current study, the utilization of glass and nylon fibers in various percentages are added to enhance the mechanical performance of peach shell lightweight concrete. Glass and nylon fibers were added at 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% by cement weight. The results showed that, as we added the glass and nylon fibers, the density of peach shell concrete was reduced by 6.6%, and the compressive, split tensile and flexural strength were enhanced by 10.20%, 60.1%, and 63.49%. The highest strength that was obtained in compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength at 56 days was 29.4 MPa, 5.2 MPa, and 6.3 MPa, respectively, with 6% of glass fiber in peach shell concrete. Mechanical test results showed that post-failure toughness and modulus of elasticity of peach shell concrete is enhanced with the utilization of fibers. To verify our lab results, a statistical analysis, such as response surface methodology, was performed to make a statistical model, it was confirmed by both lab results and statistical analysis that the mechanical performance of peach shell concrete could be significantly improved by adding glass fibers as compared to nylon fibers. With the use of fibers, the water absorption and porosity were slightly increased. Hence, the glass and nylon fibers can be used to improve the peach shell concrete mechanical properties to make concrete eco-friendly, sustainable, and lightweight.
... These fibers have different lengths, diameters and shapes [18]. Previous studies showed the positive effect of RSF on various properties of concrete including compressive strength [38], tensile strength [39], ductility [40], impact resistance [41], and durability [42]. In this study, RSF of 0, 0.5, and 1% volume of concrete was used to reinforce the concrete specimens. ...
The initial strength of concrete wastes is one of the most influential parameters in the behavior of recycled concrete. In this paper, in the production of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), three types of concrete wastes with initial strength of 20, 40, and 80 MPa were used. Natural aggregates (NA) were replaced by RCAs with amounts of 0, 50, and 100% by volume. In addition, the specimens were reinforced with 0, 0.5, and 1% by volume of recycled steel fibers from scrap tires (RSF). Workability, water absorption, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), mechanical properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength) as well as economic aspects of 21 mixtures were assessed. The results showed that the use of RCAs have a negative effect on the workability, quality, and mechanical properties of concrete, which can be prevented by increasing the initial strength of RCAs and also using RSF. Finally, multi-criteria optimization (MCO) indicated that the use of RSF and 50% RCAs with initial strength of 40 and 80 MPa is justified, in terms of workability, quality, water absorption, mechanical properties, and economic aspects.
