Figure 8 - uploaded by Craig Alan Mason
Content may be subject to copyright.
Conceptual model of the relationship of the built environment to elders’ neighborhood climate, social support, cognitive problems, and psychological distress (adapted from Szapocznik et al., 2007).
Source publication
To determine effective relationships between the built environment and health and well-being, a transdisciplinary team of architectural, behavioral and health scientists developed a built environment coding system (UMBECS). They examined the relationship of resulting streetscape features to health and well-being at the block level. The research tea...
Similar publications
Residing in a high-density, diverse, and accessible neighborhood tends to be associated with less car use, more public transport, and more cycling and walking. However, this does not hold for all people because of differences in personal perceptions and preferences. This paper, therefore, analyzes spatial (mis)match, or the correspondence between p...
The purpose of the new, on-line tool Fate and Transport of Indoor Microbiological Aerosols (FaTIMA) is to determine the fate of infectious aerosols, e.g., those associated with SARS-CoV2, that are generated within the built environment and the potential impact of various control measures. Pathogen-containing aerosols can be generated by an infected...
The circular economy is not only a system of waste management. It is a system which includes the products’ design construction, recycling of raw materials and whose aim is that all
components and materials bring added value in different technical and biological cycles.
The construction sector is currently among the world’s largest producers of wa...
In the US, rural communities face challenges to meet the community health needs of older adults and children. Meanwhile, rural areas lag in age-friendly built environment and services. AARP, a US based organization promoting livability for all ages, has developed a Livability Index based on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) domains of age-frien...
Citations
... This is supported by the notion that human satisfaction is connected to indoor environmental quality, affecting physical and psychological wellbeing [71]. However, research on indoor environmental quality has been criticized for its lack of clarity regarding whether participant satisfaction with indoor quality is a determinant of wellbeing or an outcome of wellbeing [72]. Nonetheless, a comprehensive approach is necessary to fully grasp the multidimensional nature of wellbeing and the interconnectedness of its various dimensions. ...
... However, limited research has been conducted on the wellbeing of construction workers and how their satisfaction with their living environments impacts their stress levels. This is an important area to explore, especially considering the hazardous nature of the construction industry [72]. Furthermore, subjective concerns about the challenging work environment in the construction sector, including problems like fatigue, burnout, and sexism against women in the industry [7,10], may not have been comprehensively evaluated. ...
The significance of wellbeing in the construction industry has increased due to the high frequency of accidents. However, the existing research fails to comprehensively address the various aspects of wellbeing. To address this gap, we conducted a literature review on wellbeing in the construction industry and carried out a trend analysis of its multiple dimensions. A systematic review of 162 peer-reviewed journal articles was performed using scientometric analysis and qualitative trend analysis techniques. The results indicated that the discussion on wellbeing in the construction industry tends to overlook its multifaceted nature. Prominent publication outlets were identified, with a focus on environmental and physical wellbeing, while recognising notable contributions in the field of mental wellbeing and the limited contributions to other dimensions of wellbeing. This study offers valuable insights for both researchers and industry practitioners. Researchers can identify priority areas for future research based on the identified gaps, while construction companies can gain awareness of the potential relevance of wellbeing in the industry. This study contributes to the existing knowledge on wellbeing in the construction industry by analysing its various dimensions and providing research directions. It serves as a reference point for interpreting findings and offers guidance for future research endeavours.
... Furthermore, people who facilitate the processes are also part of the social infrastructure (Latham & Layton, 2019;Prytherch, 2021;Simone, 2004). The development of bonding social capital and bridging social capital (Putnam, 2000) is believed to be positively associated with society's prosperity and community well-being (Kawachi et al., 2008;Spokane et al., 2007) and negatively associated with urban melancholy such as loneliness and social isolation (Coll-Planas et al., 2017;Nyqvist et al., 2016). Bonding social capital is often characterised by "within," "get-by," "strong ties," and more negative results (e.g., exclusion) whereas bridging social capital is associated with "between," "get-ahead," "weak ties," and more positive outcomes (Claridge, 2018). ...
... The temporal design intervention to reclaim public space through the experiment of the summer street has played a crucial role in making the value of streetscapes more tangible. The results cor-roborate findings from previous studies on streetscapes' contribution to the overall environmental quality of neighbourhoods including aesthetics, identity, economic activity, social cohesion, health, and well-being, beyond transport mobility (e.g., Mehta, 2009;Prytherch, 2021;Spokane et al., 2007). ...
Urban streets are an integral part of the public realm. Streets are commonly planned following normative design principles focused on the connectivity of road networks and urban morphology. Beyond their function as mobility infrastructure, streetscapes’ aesthetic, social, and cultural qualities also have an important impact on the experience of the overall urban environment and human well-being. This study explores how urban design and planning can facilitate the design, management, and use of streetscapes that consider their role as social infrastructure. A paradigmatic case study of Hornsbergs Strand in the City of Stockholm is performed, incorporating spatial and temporal aspects. The case study area is chosen because it is both an attractive and “overcrowded” public space frequently discussed in the Swedish media. Data sources for the study include reviews of public documents such as Stockholm’s city planning strategies, local media reports, a report from a resident workgroup, as well as walk-through observations and semi-structured expert interviews. The results highlight the potential of urban design strategies to develop streetscapes as social infrastructure through both permanent design measures and temporary design interventions. The tendency of the change in people’s perception and attitude toward the place over time illustrates that design interventions are a continual process. The implications for public policy, urban development and investment in social infrastructure employing place strategies and design interventions are discussed.
... • Buffers -Transitional areas between public and private space, that offer some sense of filter or fragmentation, have been shown to act as buffer zones which allow people to balance their social exposure levels, which in turn drives more informal contact and community engagement (Coley, William, and Kuo 1997;Spokane et al. 2007). semiprivate buffers can be found in courtyard buildings as opposed to interior corridor buildings (Nasar and Julian 1995), front yards (Farahani and Lozanovska 2014), and segmented entrance halls (Thomsen 2007). ...
... The third group relates to Buffer features, which are one of the study's spatial parameters and have emerged as an important driver under all other parameters. This group manifests through the multi-layered design of the caravan compound, with the hierarchy of scales, the fluid layout, and the dynamic depth of views the residents again gain sense of control (Farahani and Lozanovska 2014), higher engagement (Nasar and Julian 1995), more social interactions (Francis et al. 2012;Spokane et al. 2007), and better access to opportunities (Can 2012). ...
... Showed for the caravan compound a significant positive lift over the mid-rise compound (p < 0.1), and over the normalized midpoint (p < 0.05). This element's lift is also affected by the Buffer features, which allow for more control over exposure and so more social interactions (Farahani and Lozanovska 2014;Spokane et al. 2007 ...
The objective of this study is to pinpoint specific architectural elements that show a positive
correlation to Sense of Community. To this end, I investigated the two student dormitory
compounds of Ariel University. I compare the results of a quantitative analysis of their
residents' Sense of Community with a qualitative analysis of their opposing architectural
design philosophies.
... Cultural assets include the streetscape culture that has developed recently (Spokane et al. 2007) in urban architecture and planning. The decorative Chaohu Stone (Fig. 3n-q), with its distinctive physical appearance, texture and unique qualities, influence people's view of the streetscape, representing a combination of cultural and geological heritage. ...
... More recently, the visual perception of urban streetscapes and landscapes has been explored intensively (De Vries et al. 2013;Ewing et al. 2016;Habibi et al. 2018;Harvey et al. 2017;Nao and Murahashi 2008;Petrovic et al. 2017;Polat and Akay 2015;Spokane et al. 2007;Zhou et al. 2014). In Hefei, the viewpoint geosites and decorative stones can be linked directly to these issues. ...
Urban geoheritage sites are vulnerable to anthropogenic pressure linked to urbanisation. To understand the necessity of conservation of the geological heritage of the Chaohu Lake region of Hefei (China), the first assessment of the geological sites in the area was undertaken based on in-depth field studies and a literature review. The area possesses significant geoheritage of 16 types, the most important being stratigraphical and palaeontological. In the lake region, geoheritage is being destroyed by rapid and often uncontrolled (even illegal) urbanisation and a shortage of strategies for the popularisation of Earth sciences, as well as the weakness of practical strategies for geo-knowledge transfer and the unsustainable pursuit of economic benefits by government. Many important sites have been damaged and destroyed. Some aesthetic properties have also been lost, reducing the significance of these geological features for tourists, as well as students and researchers. Designation of an official protected zone and possible geopark creation could facilitate efficient conservation of the urban geoheritage of Hefei.
... According to Jacobs (1996), liveability is the physical quality that is required (Jung et al., 2017), and directly affect residents' wellbeing (Spokane et al., 2007). In addition, a streetscape can play a role in the sustainability of the urban design (Rehan, 2013;Bandarabad & Shahcheraghi, 2012;Greenberg, 2009). ...
The kingdom of Saudi Arabia is looking to enhance the quality of life in its cities by making the cities livable places. This study focuses on the changes that need to be made to the street design in Saudi Arabia to achieve the goals of the 2030 vision. This paper highlights the importance of aesthetics, accessibility , security and safety and walkability, which needs to be considered during street design. The analytical study uses examples from around the world of applying the basic principles of streetscape design in order to develop the streetscape approaches and recommendations in Saudi Arabia. The research emphasizes the importance of developing the urban environment visual image in the country to enhance the quality of life of both people and the city. Approaches include directing urban planners and designers to the important role of the well-designed streetscape and identifying methods of applying sustainability to streetscape design and making street pedestrian-oriented.
... Journal of Cleaner Production. Link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.389 32 compounds of the complexity of heat factors, as to reconsider in the planning structure the integration for well-being that should be implicit in any sustainable city (Spokane et al., 2007). Beyond streetscape metrics lies thus the potential to integrate smarter energy usage of urban regions, while considering the multi-tiered complexity brought by the juggling aspects of builtenvironment, road networks, and the panoply of actors within the urban ecosystem. ...
... This orientation of design built an exclusive area on the city. Traffic resting points 10 The minimum width 2m footway 11 Elevator or escalator Step marked short straight runs with a 3-12 per walk Avoid cross roads (x) or more and corners greater than 90' ...
People around the world can access the streets to fulfil their daily activities regardless of their gender, age, and abilities. The streetscape is an urban public space which is built to facilitate the basic needs of people as social being. The themed street is an urban streetscape designed and built in detail with a theme or special purpose in an of urban development process. Universal design facilitates the full range of human diversity as physical appearance, perception, cognitive abilities, sizes, and shapes. By designing for the diversity, the specialized streets become more functional and user-friendly. The purpose of this study is to examine several design characteristics of themed streets in several countries from three different continents using universal design principles for giving proper directions to develop more user-friendly streets. Literature review and case study were used as research methods. The literature review was extracted and compiled from manuscripts, streetscape design books, and from universal design principles. Furthermore, the constructed theory were used to examine the case studies of themed streets. The findings indicated that themed streets' character design were strongly influenced by local cultural aspect even though the basic guidelines were universal design principles; the resumed design direction can be suggested universal along with the richness of local aspects.
... Many studies have simultaneously examined two distinctive dimensions to assess the quality of a housing environment (e.g., Am erigo & Aragon es, 1997; Austin et al., 2002). Even when researchers chose to work with physical dimensions only, they made explicit the limited study scope while acknowledging the dual structure (e.g., Christensen, Carp, Cranz, & Wiley, 1992;Evans et al., 2002;Spokane et al., 2007;Wells & Harris, 2007). While competing claims exist on which dimension has stronger influence on satisfaction (e.g., Handal, Barling, & Morrissy, 1981;Wright & Kloos, 2007), such mixed claims clearly demonstrate the importance of both social and physical factors on satisfaction. ...
... Third, scholars have strived to measure spatial and social qualities within residential environments as dual predictors of residential satisfaction and other outcome variables, but no clear consensus exists on how to measure those qualities. Researchers have employed an objective evaluation of sociophysical environments through an expert/observer rating system (e.g., Evans et al., 2002;Schaefer-McDaniel, 2009;Schootman et al., 2007;Spokane et al., 2007;Wells & Harris, 2007) and the subjective perception of sociophysical environment through a self-rated report system (e.g., Adriaanse, 2007;Bonaiuto, Aiello, Perugini, Bonnes, & Ercolani, 1999;Galster & Hesser, 1981;Handal et al., 1981), or a combination of the two (Austin et al., 2002;Christensen et al., 1992;Schaefer-McDaniel, 2009;Schootman et al., 2007). Although some studies suggested that subjective ratings done by the residents are more powerful predictors of overall satisfaction (e.g., Handal et al., 1981;Lawton, 1980), more recent studies suggest two distinct issues associated with both forms of evaluation. ...
This article proposes a new theoretical framework of environmental satisfaction and human
comfort, highlighting the role of human agency in the interaction between humans and
environment and the context within which such interactions occur. The framework is constructed
by building on Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model and logically connecting existing theories
in the broader area of social sciences. The proposed framework conceptualizes satisfaction and
comfort as an optimization process accomplished through one’s active perception, interpretation,
and modification of his/her socio-physical environment. This optimization process is viewed as
ongoing and cyclical. Four modes of optimization are proposed: environmental modification,
behavioral adaptation, normative adaptation, and withdrawal.
Three methodological implications are then discussed: using multiple sources of information to
examine divergent worldviews amongst involved social groups; building case study profiles for
each place type using the proposed theoretical framework; and employing multi-level,
interdisciplinary approaches in both research and practices.
... We present the concept of eyes on where children play in the sense of social and community environments that facilitate play. This suggestion is supported by research showing social support and positive community social environments are associated with a variety of health outcomes (Kawachi 1999;Spokane et al. 2007;Brown, Khattak, and Rodriguez 2008). ...
The purpose of this study was to examine factors that influenced childhood active free play. Participants were 13 young adults who resided in one western Canadian city. They took part in semi-structured and walk-along interviews during which they were asked about their memories and experiences of play. Analysis showed that, whereas parental restrictions and safety concerns were limiting factors, a sense of community and safety in numbers facilitated their involvement in active free play. However, the young adults thought these factors had since become eroded from modern society. We concluded a reduced sense of perceived safety exists because there are fewer eyes on where children play.
... However, a somewhat surprising finding emerged in a follow-up analysis of the same data set, which examined children's conduct grades with regard to the specific proportions of street frontage associated with residential, institutional, or commercial use on the blocks in which these children resided (Spokane et al., 2007). When Spokane and colleagues (2007) conducted this "finer-grained analysis," it was found that there were "disproportionately large changes in grades at extreme values of institutional use, and interactions between residential and institutional use" (Spokane et al., 2007, pp. ...
... The same East Little Havana neighborhood was also the site for a study of older people aged 70 and above (Brown et al., 2008(Brown et al., , 2009Spokane et al., 2007). The team randomly selected one elder on each of the neighborhood's 273 blocks on which a Hispanic elder resided, seeking to determine built-environment impacts on social and behavioral health outcomes. ...
... The team randomly selected one elder on each of the neighborhood's 273 blocks on which a Hispanic elder resided, seeking to determine built-environment impacts on social and behavioral health outcomes. Beginning in 2002-2004, Hispanic elders completed four annual assessments of neighborhood social climate (i.e., residents' perceptions of the quality of their neighborhood social environment; Brown et al., 2011), as well as elders' self-reported social support, psychological distress (i.e., depressive symptoms, anxiety), and performance-based measures of cognitive functioning (e.g., memory; attention) and physical functioning (e.g., walking speed, grip strength) (Brown et al., 2008(Brown et al., , 2009Spokane et al., 2007). ...
This chapter examines the relationship of the neighborhood built environment to social interactions, and, ultimately, wellbeing. Beginning with Jane Jacobs’ (1961/1992) observations on what she believed were
the essential elements of urban neighborhoods, we then review subsequent research on social interactions and health. This is followed by a highlight of research-validated neighborhood characteristics originally identified by Jacobs that, over the last two decades, have been found to be significant to social interaction. A brief conclusion suggests areas of potential follow up through local observation, and guidelines for designers and planners seeking to support positive social interactions through neighborhood design.
