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Riverbank erosion incidence and consecutive flood disasters have increased because of extreme climatic dynamics in the current couple of decades. Farming community livelihood particularly inhabited in flood-prone area has become more vulnerable due to these consecutive riverbank erosion and disasters. The objective of this study is to investigate t...
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... Practical efforts that can be made to handle waste on river banks are: (1) periodic cleaning by carrying out routine cleaning activities along river banks involving active participation of volunteers, environmental organizations, and local governments; and (2) holding regular river cleaning events to improve public awareness (Nayak & Shukla, 2023). (2) sorting waste at the main source, such as by educating the public about how to sort waste in households so that the waste produced is easier to process or recycle and providing separate rubbish bins along riverbanks to make waste sorting easier (Ahmad et al., 2023). (2) improving waste management infrastructure by providing adequate, easily accessible, and separated waste bins based on waste type and providing recycling facilities around river banks to process recyclable waste (Hussen et al., 2021). ...
Waste management is essential to protecting the environment and minimizing its negative impact on human health and the ecosystem. The low participation of riverbank residents in maintaining and creating a clean environment in the river and its surroundings has prompted the Environmental Service to create a program called "River Maharagu" by holding river cleanliness competitions. This research aims to analyze the success of the Environmental Service program by formulating a strategy for handling waste from riverbank communities through a SWOT analysis. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. The SWOT analysis found that (1) Strategy (SO): Encourages and facilitates stakeholders to collaborate with the Diaspora and universities to build and develop river ecotourism. (2) Strategy (WO): To build and increase the synergy of stakeholders and youth communities (Karang Taruna) in building and developing river ecotourism and coordinating with the Diaspora. (3) Strategy (ST): River management maintains self-sufficiency in collecting and transporting household waste and continues to motivate residents to dispose of waste properly. (4) (WT): The Environmental Service collaborates with universities to provide education and build awareness among riverbank residents.
... Recent unpredictable shocks, including natural and human-induced disasters, have frequently resulted in devastating consequences for communities (Ahmad et al., 2022;Geng et al., 2022aGeng et al., , 2022bGhouchani et al., 2021;Majumder et al., 2023). These disasters cause loss of life and property as well as community dysfunction. ...
Building smart community resilience has become imperative for addressing vulnerabilities to uncertain disturbances. Consequently, assessing smart community resilience levels is crucial. This study aims to develop an evaluation framework and model applicable to smart community resilience, provide a reference methodology for assessment, elucidate smart community and community resilience interactions, quantify resilience across Chinese smart communities, and recommend strategies to advance smart community and resilience. First, a smart community resilience index system is constructed via a literature review and Delphi method. Second, an assessment model combining the analytic network process, structural vector autoregressive model, and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory is proposed. Third, an empirical evaluation of smart communities in Heilongjiang Province, China, exemplifies the framework. Results exhibit generally low resilience, with inter-community variability attributable to imbalances across dimensions like environmental, economic, social, infrastructural, institutional, and smart. There is also uneven intra-community resilience. Community smartness substantially affects community resilience. Consequently, incorporating the smart dimension into the assessment system is advised to enhance community resilience through intelligent means. Further community-level research should recommend upgrade strategies. Community should concentrate on building economic, infrastructural, and smart resilience to progress smart community and community resilience.
... The resulting overall LVI can be calculated and referred to as LVI framed within the IPCC vulnerability framework (LVI-IPCC). The LVI-IPCC, calculated by the multiplication form of equation [LVI-IPCC = (Exposure Index − Adaptive Capacity Index) × Sensitivity Index], has been applied in several studies [18,[31][32][33][34][35][36] for assessing livelihood vulnerabilities to riverbank erosion. It is a suitable tool for subcommunity-and community-scale analyses of climate vulnerability because it enables direct household surveys [37]. ...
... This study uses the LVI-IPCC, which was developed by Hahn et al. [22]. The LVI-IPCC has recently been used in several studies [18,[31][32][33][34][35][36] to assess the vulnerability of livelihoods to riverbank erosion. ...
... Previous studies on the vulnerability of riparian communities to riverbank erosion using LVI-IPCC identified several key drivers of vulnerability. Most studies [18,31,[33][34][35] have suggested that the main influencing components of vulnerability include limited access to food, water, and healthcare. Some studies also found that livelihood strategies [33,34] and weak social networking [33,35,36] were crucial contributors to vulnerability. ...
Riverbank erosion is a major hazard for riparian communities in the Mekong River Basin. This study aims to (1) assess the livelihood vulnerability of two communities residing along the Mekong River, namely, Kaoh Soutin (KS) and Ruessei Srok (RS), by using the livelihood vulnerability index framed within the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change vulnerability framework (LVI-IPCC) and (2) identify the coping strategies of the communities based on semi-structured interviews. The results show that KS is slightly more vulnerable to riverbank erosion than RS, as indicated by LVI-IPCC values of 0.49 and 0.46 for KS and RS, respectively. RS exhibits high adaptive capacity and low sensitivity, but its exposure level is relatively high. Majority of the respondents in KS (62 %) and RS (93 %) were affected by riverbank erosion. In KS, approximately 48 % of the respondents experienced displacement, and 39 % of them relocated once. Meanwhile, in RS, 81 % of the respondents experienced displacement, with 46 % displaced at least three times. The affected households have coped with riverbank erosion by reducing expenses, diversifying their income sources, seeking support from others, and receiving assistance from local authorities, NGOs, and government interventions. Despite such efforts to mitigate the effects of riverbank erosion, the high level of exposure and external factors, such as high living costs and low profits from agriculture, have weakened the ability of the people in both communities to cope with disasters. Moreover, the social ties among households, especially in KS, have declined, thereby making low-income households highly vulnerable to riverbank erosion.
... Global warming and climate change consider most disturbing human realities in current era Verlynde et al., 2019) where some particular worldwide areas having most extreme weather events growing volatility which reflects more visible climate change reflections (Bodoque et al., 2019;Teo et al., 2021). Climate change have devastating affect on environment and livelihood threat to world population (Ahmad et al., 2022;Diakakis et al., 2018). Floods, cyclones, drought and heat waves' enlarged frequency and severity are noticeable impacts of climate change and significant sign of extreme events of weather (Aldrich, 2019;Rana et al., 2022). ...
... Poverty considered the analyzable phenomena regarding to its various dimensions such as political (public policy influential role, human rights), human (access of shelter, water, nutrition, education, health), economic (capability earning income, spend, own assets), protective (capable to with stand external and economic shocks) and sociocultural (living with dignity) (Jevrejeva, 2018;World Bank, 2021). Climate change particularly in South Asian region has raised the frequency of flood disasters which has exacerbate the situation of poor population livelihood of flood prone areas (Ahmad et al., 2022;Aksoy, 2022). Poor population mostly inhabited in risky surroundings such as risky flooding urban areas or flood plains areas which is economically more vulnerable to natural disasters such as floods . ...
... In comprehensive aspect, it is well thought-out as poverty and climate change vulnerability are interconnected while such perspective have scarcely discussed in literature. The aspect of poverty and climate change in literature have expressed with some various dimensions such as climate change resilience, mitigation and vulnerability measures (Thornton et al., 2007;Opiyo et al., 2014;Little and McPeak, 2014;Mahonge et al., 2014;Grace et al., 2015;Gorst et al., 2015;Sternberg and Chatty, 2016;Mavhura et al., 2017;Ambelu et al., 2017;Solin et al., 2018;Muricho et al., 2019), climate change caused floods destruction and human displacement (Field, 2012;Bukhari and Rizvi, 2015;Islam and Hasan, 2016;Kret et al., 2017;Bubeck et al., 2017;Balgah et al., 2019;Afzal, 2021a, 2021b;Kam et al., 2021), climate vulnerability and flood hazards management measure (McCarthy, 2001;Tsakiris, 2014;Tullos et al., 2016;Joseph, 2017;Mekuyie et al., 2018;Munyai et al., 2019;Ahmad & Afzal, 2020a, 2020b, climate change flood disasters causes and consequent measures (Ahmad et al., 2022;Angelakis et al., 2020;Douglas et al., 2008;Forni et al., 2016;Kellens et al., 2013;Kirsch et al., 2012;Lechowska, 2018). Poverty aspect discussed with various dimensions such as developing countries multidimensional poverty (Alkire et al., 2017;He et al., 2023;Mohanty et al., 2017;Pielke, 2019), multidimensional poverty in Latin American countries (Keshavarz et al., 2017;Wang and Wang, 2017;Dotter and Klasen, 2017;Kimaro et al., 2018;Aguilar and Sumner, 2020;Khan et al., 2021;Tan et al., 2023), inequality and multidimensional poverty in European countries (Alkire et al., 2021;Yang et al., 2022), district level multidimensional poverty assessment (Niazi and Khan, 2012;Ann and Mirza, 2021;Nawab et al., 2023) and poverty inequality assessment (Mustafa et al., 2021;Saddique et al., 2023). ...
Flooding is considered the most pervasive risk in climate hazards. Flooding causes millions of peoples displacement and raises poverty in flood affected low income communities particularly reside in most hazards prone developing countries like Pakistan. Objective of this study is to examine the association in climate change vulnerability and multidimensional poverty in two districts flood prone rural communities of Punjab, Pakistan. In this research work collected data of 480 households was used where livelihood and climate change vulnerability indices were applied for empirical estimation of climate vulnerability levels. Poverty levels were estimated through the application of multidimensional poverty index based on the initiatives of human development, Oxford poverty and United Nation Development Program. Estimates indicated almost half population of research area collapse lower than the threshold of multidimensional poverty. Rajanpur district was estimated higher intensity of poverty and higher number of population involved multidimensional poverty rather than Muzaffargarh. Moreover, Rajanpur district considered much deprived in the dimensions of poverty like living standard, health and education. Regarding climate change vulnerability Muzaffargarh lagged at the back in livelihood strategies dimensions, food, socio-demographic profile and social networks while Rajanpur considered much vulnerable in the health, financial assets and natural assets dimensions. In the overall conclusions related to flood disasters Rajanpur district more vulnerable than Muzaffargarh and study estimated significant and positive association in climate change vulnerability indices and multidimensional poverty index. Inadequate formal schooling and nonappearance of climate change vulnerability assessment in the study area more possibility of raises higher severity of multidimensional poverty. Policy concerned relevant authorities need to apply the analysis of poverty assessment about vulnerability of climate change. Formal schooling must provided to inhabited population to raising capabilities of decision-making, productivity, job opportunities, information access and level of awareness. Moreover, flood risk mitigation policy measures need to applied through flood defense and hotspots identification where poverty and flood risks occurs.
... With the high value of ecological degradation, the inhabited population in the research region is particularly susceptible to climate change. Due to impending calamities, weak awareness, low levels of education, and more poverty, many communities in flood-prone areas have limited and conventional adaptive capacities, which makes them incapable of adapting to environmental changes [10]. However, King summarized that specific groups of people may be identified as vulnerable such as the elderly and the young [4], single-parent households, newcomers to the community and those lacking communication skills but the relative vulnerability of each is difficult to assess. ...
The geographical location of Catanduanes makes it known as the island of howling winds. As the years passed, typhoons came to the island more frequently and with higher magnitudes due to climate change. With this phenomenon, Catandunganons faced risks not just for their lives but for their sources of income. Mixed methods of research were used through a community-participatory approach and non-probability sampling method using a purposive sample to include participants who represent a wide range of experiences and perspectives related to the vulnerability, exposure, and sensitivity of the communities for the past ten years (October 2010- October 2020). Findings revealed that selected coastal communities in Virac experienced typhoons very frequently for the past ten years; Magnesia del Norte was considered highly sensitive in terms of biophysical and socioeconomic aspects while communities such as Magnesia del Sur, Marilima, and Batag were considered moderately sensitive. The coastal communities of Magnesia del Norte and Marilima have an extremely high adaptive capacity. This implies that these communities can easily adapt to the hazards of climate change; Magnesia del Norte and Marilima were the coastal communities that were extremely vulnerable to the hazards of climate change. It was further recommended that selected coastal communities be considered in providing sustainable livelihood programs since they are extremely vulnerable to climate change hazards. Furthermore, coastal communities must also be engaged in disaster-risk reduction training to raise their awareness of responding to a disaster; let vulnerable communities participate in planning, design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of disaster risk activities as they play key roles in identifying the risks they may face during a disaster, and enhance the capacities of the local communities to lessen the vulnerability.
... In global aspect, in 2017 almost the population of 96 million was sternly exaggerated by natural disasters (Mahmood & Babel, 2016;World Bank, 2021;Varol et al., 2022) from which about 60% was severely influenced by flood catastrophic IPCC, 2020). Generally in the duration of current decades, South East Asian and South Asian countries deal with recurrent and severe floods (Aksoy et al., 2022;Emergency Event Database, 2017;Teo et al., 2018) where a few Asian countries India, Pakistan, China and Bangladesh stated the superstores of flood adversity (Abbas et al., 2017;Ahmad et al., 2023;Eckstein et al., 2019). Flood hazards growing severity and intensity are anticipated in south Asian region in upcoming eras (Hirabayashi et al., 2013;Sam et al., 2021) which accordingly influences regional discrepancy about beginning and allocation, reason to rising losses mount up in nations surrounded by the Asian region (Ali and Erenstein, 2017;Cetin et al., 2021b;IPCC, 2020;UNSCCC, 2 2021). ...
Floods frequency and intensity due to severe climate change have increased which generally raised global destruction of resources and livelihood severity particularly the population inhabited in flood-prone areas. Pakistan is among the most climate change affected countries having long history of floods incidence, faced major losses of lives and economic resources. Hence, it is crucial to be aware of flood risks and having climate change perception for developing adaptation strategies of climate change and feasible measures of flood risk reduction. Psychological distance and flood risk perception relating to climate change in flood-prone Bait areas of Punjab was investigated in this study. Awareness, worry and preparedness to flood were three major indicators to quantify perception of flood risk whereas uncertainty, temporal, social, geographical and psychological as five dimensions applied to measure psychological distance. This research work used the sample data of 398 flood-prone respondents and applied the Pearson’s correlation, ANOVA test and chi-square test for empirical estimation of the study. Empirical estimates illustrated as in general flood risk perception and psychological distance related to climate change in high flood risk areas were moderate whereas in worry and uncertainty negative association was estimated. Home ownership illustrated positive and significant affect on flood risk perception whereas negative influence on psychological distance to climate change in the estimates of regression analysis. Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction philosophies can put together through facilitation of this study. Risk communications strategies need to develop to facilitate inhabitants to understand impacts of climate change, application of precautionary strategies and flood risks lessening measures.
... First, it can systematically incorporate many indicators (called sub-components) ranging from socioeconomic demographics to capital sources, income, social networks, and climate-related reports as well [15], [16], [19], [20]. Second, this method is resourceful in allowing primary data from household surveys, particularly in the absence of reliable secondary data in developing countries [15], [21]. Finally, the results of the LVI-IPCC provide an impartial estimation of the vulnerability of fishermen's livelihoods in the context of climate shocks. ...
Floods are the most dreaded danger for household livelihoods, particularly those in coastal and estuary regions, due to their tremendous destruction. Proper assessment of the livelihood vulnerability of these communities thus becomes imperative for prioritizing policies. Applying the LVI-IPCC framework, this study investigates the flood-induced vulnerability of two coastal communities in Hai Duong and Vinh Hien communes of Thua Thien Hue province, Central Vietnam, and their vulnerable index's determinants. Data were obtained through three focus group discussions, twelve key-informant interviews, and a cross-sectional survey of 360 households between September and December 2021. The results disclosed that coastal fishery communities are highly vulnerable to flood risks due to their high exposure and sensitivity. Further analysis revealed that floods are an extra burden to impoverished fishermen and have sealed the poor into endless poverty traps and thus could reverse the poverty reduction efforts. Therefore, poverty alleviation should be integrated and prioritized in capacity-building programs to adapt to flood risks. Attention to issues that assist the resilience of poor populations, specifically allocating resources to vulnerable groups, strengthening access to information for hard-to-reach households, and well cognizance of the floods-relative poverty and inequality nexuses should be future priorities.
... Past backdrop from 1950 to the current era, flood hazards have long-standing major and minor disaster scenarios in Pakistan (Abbas et al., 2018). Intense and repeated flood disasters confronted by the country from 2010 to 2014 the 2010 flood considered mainly overwhelming caused the displacement of 20 million population, damaged houses 1.5 million, fatalities of 1985 people and wipe out 160,000km 2 residential and cropped areas (Ahmad, Kanwal, & Afzal, 2022;Pakistan, 2018;Rasul, Neupane, Hussain, & Pasakhala, 2021). ...
Climate-based natural disaster intensity and destruction severity have risen multifold particularly in developing countries owing to an inadequate understanding of disaster risk perception. In using the household data of 398 respondents and the ordered probit model this study focused to investigate the factors influencing flood, drought, and earthquake risk perception in Punjab, Pakistan. In selected study areas, the majority of respondent’s likelihood perceived of happening disasters which caused financial losses and severely influenced their livelihood. Disasters-prone-area inhabitants’ inadequate understanding of mitigation measures has increased their vulnerability as they have become ineffective to overcome such natural disasters' severe impacts. Empirical estimates of the study indicated as sources of income generating, education level, gender, status, and age of household significantly affect the respondent's risk perception about flood, drought, and earthquake. Females in contrast to male respondents have a limited understanding of mitigation measures and are not as much of capable of controlling disasters as they have become more vulnerable related to disaster effects. In developing the disaster-prone communities' socioeconomic status urgent-based measures are required such as the understanding of the disaster gender-based gap needs to be reduced through better household appreciative vigilance and alleviation of floods, drought, and earthquake disasters.
Population living in climate induced disaster vulnerable areas can mitigate risks by preventive resettlement strategies. However, prior to having resettlement risks and particular resettles livelihood impacts it is necessary to investigate those communities whose living have transformed through climate persuaded resettlement. Objective of this research work is to examine prior resettlement and after resettlement climate-based livelihood vulnerability variations of resettled two model villages flood prone community of Muzaffargarh. Livelihood vulnerability changes of resettled households were investigated by application of Livelihood vulnerability index that covers seven major components exposure, finance, water, health, social networks, livelihood strategy and sociodemographic profile. In this study data was collected by well-developed questionnaire from 241 households’ heads which resettled in two model villages from twelve flood prone union council areas. Data collected by direct interaction with respondents where questionnaire consists on some significant perspectives regarding resettlers subsidies receipts, physical conditions, job status, income aspect, socioeconomic perspective and damages of flood disasters prior and after resettlement. Livelihood vulnerability index each indicator values prior and after resettlement were calculated to determine in what way altered household’s livelihood after resettlement. Estimated outcomes of study indicated that vulnerability of health, water, livelihood strategy and exposure components were significantly declined when household moved to less flood prone areas owing to resettlement in well-construction model villages associated with government subsidies. On the other hand, some major components like finance and social networking becomes higher vulnerable owing to loss in economic activity and kinship which were deep rooted in original communities of households. In these resettled areas, proactive stance of concerned authorities or institutions and policy makers need to implement with compacted strategies to reduce financial risks and job vulnerabilities to develop sustainable livelihood of resettled households.
Climate based consecutive occurrence of natural disasters have severely influenced the livelihood of global population particularly the rural communities of developing countries. In Pakistan, rural Bait household’s livelihood have become more susceptible because of frequent happening of flood disasters. Bait inhabitants are seeking and adopting strategies to diversify their livelihood to defend from such intense climatic dynamics. The purpose of this study is to investigate the livelihood diversification strategies determinants adaption to natural disasters in flood-prone Bait households in Punjab, Pakistan. This research work applied multi-stage stratified random sampling approach for data collection of 380 households in Bait area and used multi-nominal logistic regression method for empirical estimation. Inimitable insight given in the reasoning of study for proper apprehension how livelihood strategies, livelihood resources and livelihood outcomes are intimately trussed in the structure for sustainable rural livelihood. In this research work Bait household were categorized into five distinct classes altogether with crop farming. In the livelihood choices, livestock rearing with crop farming considered most amentaceous livelihood strategy for Bait inhabitants. Outcomes of research analysis indicated as household head education, age, value of household assets, land holding, dependency ratio, annual income, credit access and organization membership influenced significantly in adoption livelihood diversification strategies. Moreover, distance from home to market, road, Bait area distances, dry season communication, waterlogged duration and Bait ecosystem agro-ecology were significantly affected in adoption livelihood diversification strategies. In feasible policy measures more significant factors of livelihood strategies selection need to be promote and attempt appropriate strategies adoption. These policy measures must assure raising livelihood assets, minimize disaster from natural hazards and developing strong infrastructure so as to transmute local circumstance and capable poor households to build more bankable livelihood strategies.
