Figure 1 - uploaded by Hao Wang
Content may be subject to copyright.
Conceptual framework of land use planning(source: Berke et al., 2006)
Source publication
This paper reviews the research work on a relatively particular area -planning support systems (PSS) for urban land use planning (ULUP) from their emergence to the present. To aid readers' clear understanding of PSS, its definition is discussed in the beginning. The review summarizes the development of PSS from two perspectives: system components a...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... the complexity and turbulence of land use planning pose a challenging decision-making environment to planners. At the same time, these characteristics offer an opportunity and incentive to build innovative and adaptive land use planning programs or systems, e.g. PSS for land use planning. A conceptual framework of land use planning was formed in Berke et al. (2006)'s book - 'Urban Land Use Planning' (Figure 1). This framework depicted relationships among land use values of different respective stakeholders, such that their planning schemes and outcomes constitute the game of land use planning. The emergence of the goal of sustainable community is also mentioned for the new trend of considering the requirement of sustainable development. That goal aims to seek a sustainable land use pattern which can keep an appropriate balance among economic, social, environmental and livability values. ...
Citations
... It helps to determine the future land uses by creating an environment for sustainable development of land resources which meets people's needs and demands. With the increase in the population, the demand for development has increased and drastic changes in land uses are observed that require a systematic land use planning process (Wang, Shen et al., 2014;Han and Lin, 2017). This effect is more pronounced in the sensitive hilly areas of India where the planning is a challenging task due to topography, climate, limited availability of land, proneness to hazards etc. ...
... Land use planning is defined as "administrative and statutory activity that seeks to regulate and order land usage in an efficient and appropriate manner, thereby avoiding land use conflicts; land use planning could control and determine future land-use development in planned areas" (Wang, Shen et al., 2014). It entails the formulation of some criteria for the allocation of a specific use to a piece of land and is the process of allocating a new land use or reallocating an area's current land use (Aerts, Van Herwijnen et al., 2005). ...
Land Use Planning is a key component of Urban Planning and is important for planned development. It ensures that the resources are used efficiently, and orderly development is taking place. However, Land use planning in relation to hill regions is not a well-known or researched topic in India. Many scholars and researchers have expressed their views related to inappropriate development in the hills due to the lack of land use planning in these eco-sensitive areas but there are no in-depth studies on the land use planning pertaining to the hill towns of India. Therefore, the paper, focus is on understanding the prevailing land use planning process in Indian hill towns. The methodology opted is the in-depth literature study of the land use planning in the hills followed by a semi-structured interview of various town planning officials in the hill states of India such as Himachal Pradesh, Jammu, Kashmir, Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tripura and Uttarakhand. In addition, mapping of the steps to be followed for land use planning provided by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) and followed in hill states of India has been analysed in order to understand the gaps and problems in the land use planning process in India's hill cities. The current study uses land use suitability and seeks to identify various criteria from literature and expert interviews that can serve as the basis for land use planning in the hills. The determination of weights of the criteria is also carried out with the questionnaire expert survey. As a result, the study contributes to the understanding of how and to what degree the land use planning process is effective at present and provides a set of criteria that can be the basis for land use planning for hill cities of India.
... The population began to increase significantly in the 18th century, so the demand for land increased. And humans have been misusing the land for decades to meet their needs (Roy and Roy, 2010;Wang, Shen et al., 2014). Management and Conservation Service, 1993). ...
Since the beginning of civilisation, humans have used the land. As the population grew, so did the demand for land, which resulted in using land resources, referred to as "land use." In India, land use planning has become essential as land is scarce. Due to fast urbanisation, competition for multiple land uses exists, and severe shifts in land uses have been recorded, necessitating a thorough land-use planning procedure. Therefore, this paper focuses on land use, land-use history at the national (India) and international levels, and the selection of criteria based on the comments and views given by various authors to examine its effectiveness.The research seeks to determine how and to what extent the land use planning process is effective. The work has been executed by listing the four main criteria and various sub-criteria compiled through literature sources. The expert questionnaire survey was conducted and analysed with the help of AHP by calculating the weights of each criterion by using a pairwise comparison matrix to understand the significance level of each criterion for land use planning. Some solutions and dimensions of the land-use allocation process have also been framed. In broader terms, the paper's findings highlight the past and present systems of the land use planning process, its effectiveness, and unachieved goals and provide us with the set of criteria that can act as the basis for the systematic land use planning process in India.
... Geodesign and PSSs have much in common, especially in terms of their major aims. Both seek to enable practitioners to make advanced decisions while forecasting possible futures and assessing their real-time impacts [30,59]. Flaxman [60] defines Geodesign as "a design and planning method which tightly couples the creation of a design proposal with impact simulations". ...
Given that evolving urban systems require ever more sophisticated and creative solutions to deal with uncertainty, designing for resilience in contemporary landscape architecture represents a cross-disciplinary endeavor. While there is a breadth of research on landscape resilience within the academy, the findings of this research are seldom making their way into physical practice. There are existent gaps between the objective, scientific method of scientists and the more intuitive qualitative language of designers and practitioners. The purpose of this paper is to help bridge these gaps and ultimately support an endemic process for more resilient landscape design creation. This paper proposes a framework that integrates analytic research (i.e., modeling and examination) and design creation (i.e., place-making) using processes that incorporate feedback to help adaptively achieve resilient design solutions. Concepts of Geodesign and Planning Support Systems (PSSs) are adapted as part of the framework to emphasize the importance of modeling, assessment, and quantification as part of processes for generating information useful to designers. This paper tests the suggested framework by conducting a pilot study using a coupled sociohydrological model. The relationships between runoff and associated design factors are examined. Questions on how analytic outcomes can be translated into information for landscape design are addressed along with some ideas on how key variables in the model can be translated into useful design information. The framework and pilot study support the notion that the creation of resilient communities would be greatly enhanced by having a navigable bridge between science and practice.
... Generally, SDSS can be considered as a technical framework for PSS and can be served as an assistant tool for ULUP-related decision-making [7]. In order to support spatial decision-making by SDSS, two different approaches have emerged at the operational level [8]. ...
Urban land-use allocation is a complicated problem due to the variety of land-uses, a large number of parcels, and different stakeholderswith diverse and conflicting interests. Various approaches and techniques have been proposed for the optimization of urban land-use allocation. The outputs of these approaches are almost optimum plans that suggest a unique, appropriate land-use for every land unit. However, because of some restrictions, such stakeholder opposition to a specific land-use or the high cost of land-use change, it is not possible for planners to propose a desirable land-use for each parcel. As a result, planners have to identify other priorities of the land-uses. Thus, ranking land-uses for parcels along with optimal land-use allocation could be advantageous in urban land-use planning. In this paper, a parcel-levelmodel is presented for ranking and allocating urban land-uses. The proposed model benefits from the capabilities of geographic information systems (GIS), fuzzy calculations, and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods (fuzzy TOPSIS), intends to improve the capabilities of existing urban land-use planning support systems. In this model, as a first step, using fuzzy calculations and spatial analysis capabilities of GIS, quantitative and qualitative evaluation criteria are estimated based on physical characteristics of the parcels and their neighborhoods. In the second step, through the fuzzy TOPSIS method, urban land-uses are ranked for each of the urban land units. In the third step, using the proposed land-use allocation process and genetic algorithm, the efficiency of the model is evaluated in urban land-use optimal allocation. The proposed model is tested on spatial data of region 7, district 1 of Tehran. The implementation results demonstrate that, in the study area, the land-use of 77.2% of the parcels have first priority. As such, the land-use of 22.8% of the parcels do not have first priority, and are prone to change.
... The sprawl of the cities and the urbanization processes have gobbled up a big amount of rural and natural areas, jeopardising the quality of environmental resources [1,2]. Indeed, the evaluation process of the consumption of resources is a current challenge for environmental scientists and planners, who have to deal with the loss of natural capital and the general preservation of well-being for the future generations [3]. ...
Due to the increasing complexity of cities and the involvement of multiple stakeholders in urban planning, the field encompasses vast amounts of information, expertise, planning tools, and communication skills. Planning support systems (PSS) are geo-information-technology-based instruments that offer a suite of supportive tools to aid the urban planning process. Over the past three decades, PSS has seen widespread exploration and implementation globally, including within the rapidly evolving context of China. Nonetheless, language barriers have posed challenges in reviewing and synthesizing PSS advancements documented in Chinese publications. To provide a thorough and objective perspective of the achievements in Chinese literature for international scholars, this study adopts a systematic review methodology. It screens 68 relevant high-quality articles from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure and conducts statistical analyses on them, focusing on publication time, geographic distribution, fields of study, etc. Then it mainly summarizes the development of foundational elements and the applications of the systems. It is found that in terms of system elements, China has developed some unique theories and corresponding planning models, alongside exploring various technological aspects. In applications, PSS serves various functions across different subfields, reflecting the division of labor in China’s planning process and the orientation of its policies. Future research avenues could encompass the creation of policy-driven comprehensive management functions, the development of systems tailored to specific contexts, and the exploration of new technologies like Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and generative Artificial Intelligence to boost PSS functionality and efficiency.
In mid 2020 people vigorously debated which Corona virus-management strategy should be implemented – ‘total Lockdown’, ‘Partial Lockdown’ or ‘do Nothing’. For success, the chosen strategy would need considerable public support. So here we demonstrate how support, or otherwise, could have been predicted using our freely available Planticipate app. It self improves by sending its users' judgements to the cloud, where learning routines formulate regression- and neural network-based relationships between thirteen, key, plan-evaluation criteria and overall plan desirability. Hence whenever any set of plans are scored on the criteria, these relationships generate forecasts of plan desirability according to a number of demographic groups of past users. Our app predicted that many community groups will regard the ‘do-Nothing’ option as statistically significantly inferior to the other two plans, and it also made several less-than-statistically-significant forecasts which were extremely thought provoking. Using innovative face charts to better interpret complicated, thirteen-dimensional data, Planticipate also suggested probable reasons for such forecasts. These included an apparent fixation upon only permissiveness and productivity by people living in North America and relative pragmatism amongst females. Such revelations immediately suggested possible modifications for making different plans more acceptable to certain community groups. Given that in reality several of these modifications were only implemented later on during the pandemic, an early application of our app would almost certainly have prompted faster, more creative and more empathetic urban management.
Along with the transformation of urban development and planning in China, the traditional macro-scale urban planning which takes function delimitation as the main working mode and land exploitation as the guiding principle has begun to stretch towards the micro-scale which focuses on the human. This new research tendency requires a new planning support system. Since there are existing decision support systems for both meso and macro scale urban planning, this research puts forward that a micro-scale support system for planning should be constructed. This system should considerate human’s subjective feelings and needs as the core, and should be organized in three categories: ecological elements in micro living environment, urban design elements in local space, and individual behavior elements. Based on this, three sub-systems are proposed. For the first, the natural environment and ecological factors involved in micro-scale urban planning are the research objects, and this sub-system is established according to the logic of “cause-effect-response” model. Secondly, by integrating quantitative research and evaluation methods for urban design, the sub-system of urban design and spatial layout provides support for micro urban design simulation and local area design optimization, from the dimensions of urban perception, spatial morphology and function optimization. Lastly, the sub-system of human behavior and community life is based on the urban space-time behavioral theory and is applied to urban space-time analysis residential area planning, functional area planning, traffic planning, etc. These sub-systems will play an essential role in the future vital work such as central-city-planning, urban-physical-examination and livable-city-construction.
This research presents an intelligent planning support system based on multi-agent systems for spatial urban land use planning. The proposed system consists of two main phases: a pre-negotiation phase and an automated negotiation phase. The pre-negotiation phase involves interaction between human actors and intelligent software agents in order to elicit the actors’ social preferences. The agents employ social value orientation theory, which is rooted in social psychology, in order to model actors’ social preferences. The automated negotiation phase involves negotiation among autonomous software agents, the aim being to achieve consensus about the spatial problem on behalf of the relevant actors and using the information obtained.
This study employs a computationally effective Bayesian learning technique, along with social value orientation theory, to design socially rational intelligent agents who work on behalf of real actors. The proposed system is applied to a real world urban land use planning case study. Human actors participate in a pre-negotiation phase, and their social preferences are elicited by intelligent software agents through a number of interactions. Then, software agents come together to engage in an automated negotiation phase and eventually reach an agreement on the spatial configuration of urban land uses on behalf of the actors. The results of the study show that the proposed system is effective at performing an automated negotiation, plus that the final plan – which is the output of the automated negotiation – produces higher social utility and better spatial land use configurations for the agents.
