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Mountain ridges are valued by the Korean people as major and critical sources of natural resources and environment. Despite their recognised values, continuous exploitation and infrastructure development in forestlands have been causing large-scale degradation in mountains throughout the country. In response to this problem, our study supports rece...
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... this purpose, we considered not only spatial continuity to maintain the ecosystem network, but also used a distance of 1 km from the ridgeline as a spatial extent for prioritisation based on the result from a prior study (Korea Forest Conservation Association, 2005). Figure 7 explains the conceptual spatial extent of potential areas including the main ridge, and the upper and lower slopes within a horizontal distance of 1 km from the main ridgeline. When there exist neighbouring ridges that run parallel with the main ridgeline within 1 km, the protection area is extended beyond the 1 km distance limit to include the neighbouring ridge and its upper slopes. ...
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Citations
... Generally, irregularity in elevation makes cultivation difficult and costly to traverse [19,20], but useful for keeping newborn reindeer calves against weather and windchill [21]. Relief ruggedness is a valuable attribute of wildlife habitat models and one of the prime components affecting vegetation diversity, snowmelt patterns, and water drainage that are key elements of nutrient obtainability [22][23][24][25] and the book [26]. Many previous studies have addressed quantifying surface ruggedness, in which some of these investigations were adopted on the statistical dispersion of elevations, slopes, aspects, and vectors orthogonal to planar facets on the landscape. ...
The development of geospatial technologies has opened a new era in terms of data collection techniques and analysis procedures. Digital elevation models as 3D visualization of the Earth’s surface have many mapping and spatial analysis applications. The primary terrain factors derived from the raster dataset are usually less critical than secondary ones, e.g., ruggedness index, which plays a vital role in engineering, hydrological information derivation, and geomorphological processes. Surface ruggedness is a significant predictor of topographic heterogeneity by calculating the absolute value of elevation differences within a specified neighborhood surrounding a central pixel. The current study investigates the impacts of various topographic metrics obtained from a digital elevation model on characterizing terrain ruggedness utilizing stepwise principal component analysis. This popular multivariate statistical technique is applied to conduct a comprehensive assessment and treat the information redundancy of terrain parameters. Simultaneously, the standard deviation of elevation is also proposed as an alternative approach to quantifying topographic ruggedness. Besides, quantitative and qualitative method is espoused to validate the algorithms and compare their capabilities to the previously introduced models in the literature. The findings have shown that principal component analysis provides superior performance against other models. Furthermore, they indicated that the standard deviation of elevation could be used instead of the available ones.
... Resilience M. (Love et al., 2017a); (Krystallis et al., 2016) (Nakamura et al., 2019; (Ogie et al., 2018); (Ajmar et al., 2017); (Pfeiffer et al., 2017); (Ward et al., 2017); (Kruel, 2016); (Han et al., 2016); (Fekete et al., 2015); (Espada et al., 2015); (Scaini et al., 2014); (Sitzenfrei and Rauch, 2014); (Kim et al., 2013) (Edmondson et al., 2018) Life Cycle Costing (Pfeiffer et al., 2017); (Fekete et al., 2015); (Sherly et al., 2015); (Kraus et al., 2014); (Ward et al., 2014); (Zhang et al., 2013); (Santiago-Chaparro et al., 2013); (Kim et al., 2013) (Zadeh et al., 2019); (Lee et al., 2019); (Edmondson et al., 2018); (Love et al., 2018); (Sankaran et al., 2018); (Aziz et al., 2017); (Guillen et al., 2016); (Hoeber and Alsem, 2016) Condition Inspec. & Monitor (Delgado et al., 2017); (Love et al., 2016) (Baah et al., 2015) ( Lee et al., 2019); (Edmondson et al., 2018) ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume VI-4/W1-2020, 2020 3rd BIM/GIS Integration Workshop and 15th 3D GeoInfo Conference, 7-11 September 2020, London, UK ...
The integration of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is gaining momentum in digital built Asset Management (AM), and has the potential to improve information management operations and provide advantages in process control and delivery of quality AM services, along with underlying data management benefits through entire life cycle of an asset. Work has been carried out relating GeoBIM/AM to buildings as well as infrastructure assets, where the potential financial savings are extensive. While information form BIM maybe be sufficient for building-AM; for infrastructure AM a combination of GIS and BIM is required. Scientific literature relating to this topic has been growing in recent years and has now reached a point where a systematic analysis of current and potential uses of GeoBIM in AM for Infrastructure is possible. Three specific areas form part of the analysis-a review of BIM and Infrastructure AM and GIS and Infrastructure AM leads to a better understanding of current practice. Combining the two, a review of GeoBIM and Infrastructure AM allows the benefits of, and issues relating to, GeoBIM to be clearly identified, both at technical and operational levels. A set of 54 journal articles was selected for in-depth contents analysis according to the AM function addressed and the managed asset class. The analysis enabled the identification of three categories of issues and opportunities: data management, interoperability and integration and AM process and service management. The identified knowledge gaps, in turn, underpin problem definition for the next phases of research into GeoBIM for infrastructure AM.
... Issues associated with this have been discussed in many articles. In the paper by Han et al. (2016), the authors made an attempt to select mountain ridges, which should be protected. The selection was made on the basis of a specially constructed terrain model, by way of parameterisation and handling of many terrain factors. ...
The classification of terrain by its passability plays a significant role in the process of Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB). In the process of developing passability maps, the classification of terrain to a specific class (GO, SLOW-GO, NO-GO). In this paper the problem of terrain classification to the respective category of passability was solved by the application of Self Organizing Maps by generating a continuous Index of Passability (IOP), which characterizes the terrain in a range from 0 (the impassable area) to 1 (the area of high manoeuvrability). The article describes the methodology of using this type of network to develop a terrain passability map. As a “case of use”, three voivodeships located in the north-eastern part of Poland were selected. To prepare a training set, topographic vector data from VMap L2 and SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) digital terrain model were used. Research was conducted on a primary grid field with dimensions 1 km × 1 km. As a result of the research conducted, normalised parameters associated with terrain cover were introduce into the neural network. As a result of the network learning, the analysed area was divided into classes, to which the index of passability (IOP) was arbitrarily subordinated. In the research results, the influence of the method of organisation of the input data on the generated maps of passability was defined. The tests were conducted on two sizes of a Kohonen map: 10 × 10 and 5 × 5 neurons. The described experiments proved that a properly taught artificial neural network is very well suited to the analysis of an area in terms of passability. The presented methodology is universal in nature and after the modification of parameters may be used to solve tasks of terrain classification associated with various subjects (division of soils, marking out areas for development, etc.).
... We used the topographic classification tools provided by the '6-category slope position parameters' tool in the Land Facet Corridor extension of ArcGIS 9.3 (Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc.(ESRI), Redlands, CL, USA) ( Table 1). Threshold values and topographic class name were based on the previous analysis [41] that has been applied in many other regions having different topographic features [42][43][44][45]. Table 1. ...
The use of biodiversity surrogates has been discussed in the context of designing habitat linkages to support the migration of species affected by climate change. Topography has been proposed as a useful surrogate in the coarse-filter approach, as the hydrological process caused by topography such as erosion and accumulation is the basis of ecological processes. However, some studies that have designed topographic linkages as habitat linkages, so far have focused much on the shape of the topography (morphometric topographic classification) with little emphasis on the hydrological processes (generic topographic classification) to find such topographic linkages. We aimed to understand whether generic classification was valid for designing these linkages. First, we evaluated whether topographic classification is more appropriate for describing actual (coniferous and deciduous) and potential (mammals and amphibians) habitat distributions. Second, we analyzed the difference in the linkages between the morphometric and generic topographic classifications. The results showed that the generic classification represented the actual distribution of the trees, but neither the morphometric nor the generic classification could represent the potential animal distributions adequately. Our study demonstrated that the topographic classes, according to the generic classification, were arranged successively according to the flow of water, nutrients, and sediment; therefore, it would be advantageous to secure linkages with a width of 1 km or more. In addition, the edge effect would be smaller than with the morphometric classification. Accordingly, we suggest that topographic characteristics, based on the hydrological process, are required to design topographic linkages for climate change.
