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In this research, the possibility of making concrete reinforced with fibers and manufactured with recycled aggregates from carbon steel production was explored. Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) was used as coarse and medium aggregate, and part of the sand sizes. Metallic and synthetic fibers were added in different amounts. Initially, the propertie...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... assay was performed in triplicate. According to UNE 83507, the results obtained are shown in Table 3. ...
Context 2
... to the UNE 83509, the load was applied in two spaced points between them 1/3 of the length of the specimen (Figure 3). The results obtained are shown in Table 3. All the steel-slag concretes had better results than the conventional one, even with fibers. ...
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This paper presents the experimental investigation of properties of concrete using copper slag as replacement material of fine aggregates to increase the hardened concrete properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity of concrete. The present study encouraged the use of industrial b...
This paper examines the properties of pervious concrete made with recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) and slag. RCA replaced natural aggregates at varying percentages of 0, 50, and 100%, while slag replaced 50% of cement. Pervious concrete mixes were prepared with porosities of 10 and 20%. Slump, hardened density, total void content, compressive str...
Citations
... Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Electric Arc Furnace Slag (EAFS), Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS) and even Converter/BOF slag or cupola furnace and Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) converter slags have all been positively evaluated in previous studies as suitable raw materials for concrete [19], although they must be treated with caution, due to the presence of dangerous substances that can disrupt their volumetric stability [20,21]. The first of them, GGBS, has been successfully used for over a century [22] as an active addition in Portland cement. ...
The construction industry in general is, through minor low-cost processing methods, converting several of its by-products into viable materials; furthermore, some siderurgic sector by-products are likewise of use. In this context, large-scale batches (mix volumes over 0.5 m 3) of good quality structural concrete are proposed, in which two kinds of binder and two kinds of aggregate (steel slag and recycled concrete) are used to perform four concrete mixtures, containing more than 80 % in mass of good-quality recycled materials. A batch of tests, both in the fresh and in the hardened state, are performed, covering on-site placement and long-term properties, to guarantee the suitability and the quality of the mixtures as structural concretes. Most of the results were encouraging, mainly depending on the aggregate and the binder types that were used. The fresh-state workability of all the test mixtures was good. All the results in terms of hardened properties, strength (42 MPa in type I cement mixtures, and 32-38 MPa in type III cement mixtures), stiffness , long-term shrinkage, and microstructural state (porosity, permeability) were acceptable, their quality depending on the type of each component. The good results of the mixtures based on the slag-based binder deserve attention. Some weak points found were the slightly higher specific weight of the slag aggregate mixes (amounting to more than 2.7 Mg/m 3), plastic shrinkage rates (in some cases greater than 1.2-1.5 thousand), and loss of resistance against chlorine penetration in recycled concrete mixes. However, drawbacks of that sort are no obstacle to their use in most structural applications.
... Recently, the bending behavior of SAC with fibers has also been studied. A clear example is the one developed by Ortega-López et al. (2017) who by using 0.5% vol. SF of 50 mm in length in SAC (75% replacement) has obtained the improvement of the bending strength, tensile splitting strength, and the LOP by 3%, 31% and 5% respectively, while the use of PP fibers has led to an improvement of 4%, 24% and 2% respectively. ...
The currently increasing consumption of resources and the environmental cost associated with concrete manufacture indicate the requirement of designing environmentally friendly concretes, to continue being a reference point in construction. One of the most common ways to reduce its environmental cost is the incorporation of wastes like construction and demolition waste or slags as aggregates. One of the major challenges of the research community to facilitate the installation of the concrete is the use of fiber reinforced concrete. This chapter combines both objectives by evaluating the effect of combining fiber reinforcement with ecological concrete.
... In addition to their use in the standard concrete, few studies on the reuse of the EAF slag as a partial substitution of the natural aggregates in special concretes are available in the literature: pervious concrete [93], high-strength concrete [94], self-compacting concrete [95], and fiber reinforced concrete (using both steel and synthetic fibers) [58]. ...
... Chemical composition of the electric arc furnace slag from carbon steel production (EAF-C) from the literature (average, maximum and minimum values, and distribution of the concentration (in % of weight) of each chemical component).[5,9,11,37,39,[43][44][45][46][48][49][50]52,[54][55][56][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]. ...
In the two last decades, world production of pig iron and steel has undergone a significant increase. In 2018, 1252.87 and 1806.46 million tons of pig iron and steel, respectively, were produced as compared to the 575.78 and 809.94 million tons of 2000. Consequently, the amount of the different types of slags deriving from these production processes has also increased considerably. In relation to the principles of sustainability and circular economy, the available literature suggests several possible reuses for these slags (bituminous conglomerates, hydraulic engineering, metallurgy, fertilizers, etc.). This paper aims to provide an overview of the iron and steel slags production and their reuse in concrete (for example as replacement of cement, fine or coarse aggregates). The characteristics of slags are analyzed in terms of chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. Mechanical and durability tests (both from material and structures point of view) carried out in the different studies and research are shown as well. Particular attention was devoted to electric arc furnace slags (EAF) since they are the most produced in Italy. Based on this deep literature review, the gaps that still require further studies have been identified and discussed.
... If this expansion is controlled, it does not imply any inconvenience for its use in construction materials [18][19][20]. There has also been some research that studied the behavior of mortars or concretes in which the aggregate and/or the cement was partially replaced by LFS and that indicate that its application is viable, improving the properties of mortars and sustainability both in traditional concretes and in self-compacting concretes [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. ...
The aim of this study is to investigate the corrosion behavior of steel reinforcement embedded in mortar specimens in which both the aggregate and cement are partially replaced by ladle furnace slag (LFS) and different percentages of chloride ions by weight of cement are introduced into the mix at the time of kneading. The corrosion behavior was studied by using electrochemical techniques in order to evaluate the corrosion rate and the symptoms produced in steels of specimens with and without slag LFS. From the analysis of the results, it is concluded that the use of LFS in a partial replacement of aggregate and cement in mortar specimens does not compromise the behavior of the mortar with regard to corrosion of the steel reinforcement; consequently, partial replacement by LFS is fully feasible from this standpoint.
A greater reuse of steel slags would bring considerable benefits both from an environmental and economic point of view. The development of tools and strategies to monitor at different scales resources and waste flows would allow for better resource planning and a more sustainable management on territory. The aim of this study is to investigate and analyse the supply chain that deals with the management of steel slags at meso-level, in order to investigate the state of implementation of industrial symbiosis (IS), its potential and its improvement. A Mass Flow Analysis (MFA) has been implemented, through big data analysis coming from the integration of regional and provincial databases with a careful data processing from questionnaires. This integrated methodology has proved to be a valid tool to monitor the recovery and reuse, the implementation of industrial symbiosis and to plan improvement actions. This paper reports a representation of the current situation regarding the production, recovery and reuse of these materials in production processes for which they are suitable, with a view to their full exploitation, following the principles of circular economy and an analysis of the mutual exchange that occur among steelmaking plants and other business partners in a network of industrial companies. The results showed that most of the steel slags managed at meso-level (Province of Brescia, Italy) is still unfortunately destined for landfill with low percentage of them classified as by-product highlighting as the IS is not adequately applied. Of the slag destined for treatments and recovery processes, almost all of them are Electric Arc Furnace slag, which are mainly reused for hydraulically bound base layers and road sub-bases (about 85% of the total recovered) and as aggregates for the production of cement and bituminous mixes (about 15% of the total recovered). Results shows as further effort should be made in term of policies and strategies to incentivize IS and to increase the recovery.
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