Table 1 - uploaded by Penny L S Rumbold
Content may be subject to copyright.
Composition of the recovery drinks.
Source publication
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of skimmed milk as a recovery drink following moderate-vigorous cycling exercise on subsequent appetite and energy intake in healthy, female recreational exercisers. Utilising a randomised cross-over design, nine female recreational exercisers (19.7 ± 1.3 years) completed a V̇O2peak test followed by...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... two recovery drinks provided to the participants were 600 mL of skimmed milk (Tesco, UK) and 600 mL of an orange drink, consisting of 475 mL orange juice from concentrate (Tesco, UK) and 125 mL water to balance the energy content of the drinks (Table 1). All drinks were kept refrigerated (~5 °C) until they were served to the participants. ...
Context 2
... there are several plausible explanations for the positive observations with regards to the reduction in energy intake following the consumption of skimmed milk in the present study. As demonstrated in Table 1, milk is a significant source of dietary protein, which has been found to exert greater satiating effects when paralleled with carbohydrate-rich drinks, such as fruit juice, which do not contain protein [2,10,11,24]. In addition, several studies have reported a significantly lower energy intake and increased subjective satiety following a high-protein meal [12], with appetite suppression being superior when compared to isoenergetic high-carbohydrate and high-fat meals [13]. ...
Similar publications
Abstract: Saudi Arabia (KSA) is one among the countries for top energy drink markets. Amid growing controversies globally surrounding the increasing usage of energy drinks by children, it is felt important to understand how these trends are reflected in KSA. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to explore the trends of energy drink consumption am...
Morphological effects of long-term consumption of energy drinks on the intracranial visual relay centres namely superior colliculus and lateral geniculate body of adult wistar rats were carefully studied. The study included rats of both sexes (N = 20), with average weight of 200g randomly assigned into treated (n1=10) and control (n2=10) groups. Th...
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the independent and combined effects of energy drink (ED) functional ingredients, caffeine (CAF), taurine (TAU), and glucose (GLU) on 5-km running time trial (5KTT) performance in recreational endurance runners. Methods: Twenty recreational endurance runners (10 men, 10 women, 21.3 ± 2.2 years...
Background and objectives:
A controversy developed between the benefits of energy drinks (EDs) versus the possible health threats since its revolution. Lack of information was a call to assess the effect of chronic consumption of Power Horse (PH) as one of the EDs, on the structure of pancreas and fundic mucosa of stomach in rats, and possible pro...
The rising awareness of consumers toward the health benefits of foods and their nutritional benefits for potential disease prevention and health enhancement is the driving force of the global functional food and nutraceutical market. Functional foods are the medicinal foods that provide health benefits beyond energy and essential nutrients. Many st...
Citations
... Recently, it has been emphasised that in addition to supporting post-exercise recovery, milk may contribute to the negative energy balance, showing the potential to suppress appetite [14]. Many studies have confirmed the satiating effect of milk or milk drinks, however they have obtained different results regarding the duration of appetite reduction [17]. Moreover, not much research has been done on the effect of different temperatures of milk (or any other food) after exercise on appetite and energy intake. ...
... A lunch meal was served 60 minutes after exercise. The meal consisted of pasta and soy sauce (40% carbohydrates, 13% protein, 47% fat) and soft drinks so that the composition of the food was fixed for everyone but the amount consumed was ad libitum [17]. All food consumed by the subjects was recorded in the food record sheet until the next day and the amount of energy and percentage of macronutrients were calculated. ...
Study aim : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of milk consumption with different temperatures after resistance training on appetite and energy intake (EI) in active girls.
Material and methods : Ten healthy female athletes (age: 21.9 ± 3.07 years) completed 2 trials with 1 week apart in conter-balance and crossover fashion. In overnight fasting state, subjects did resistance exercise (70% of 1RM for 5 movements) and then consumed 250 ml of milk at 60°C or 2°C. One hour after exercise, a meal was served to all subjects for lunch. Subjects filled in the appetite questionnaire 4 times and calorie intake was measured on the day of exercise and 24 hours after.
Results : Paired t-test showed that the lunch EI after consuming cold milk was significantly lower than hot milk (p = 0.003). Also, the 24h EI in exercise day was significantly lower in cool vs. hot milk consumpion (p < 0.001) and this reduction was not offset the next day. There was no significant difference in next 24h EI, macronutrient composition and appetite between the two situations.
Conclusions :The results of the present study showed that consuming low temperature milk after resistance exercise can be a useful strategy to reduce EI that can be used for weight loss programs.
... All results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). A sample size estimation of 14 was based on previously published studies using similar, postexercise research designs [33][34][35][36] and calculated in G*Power with input values of α = 5%, β = 80%, and effect size = 0.7 (moderate) using the repeated-measures ANOVA, between factor statistical test. The results from the control session used in this study have been reported previously [26]. ...
Enhancing the effectiveness of exercise for long-term body weight management and overall health benefits may be aided through complementary dietary strategies that help to control acute postexercise energy compensation. Inulin-type fructans (ITFs) have been shown to induce satiety through the modified secretion of appetite-regulating hormones. This study investigated the acute impact of oligofructose-enriched inulin (OI) consumption after exercise on objective and subjective measures of satiety and compensatory energy intake (EI). In a randomized crossover study, following the completion of a 45 min (65–70% VO2peak) evening exercise session, participants (BMI: 26.9 ± 3.5 kg/m2, Age: 26.8 ± 6.7 yrs) received one of two beverages: (1) sweetened milk (SM) or (2) sweetened milk + 20 g OI (SM+OI). Perceived measures of hunger were reduced in SM+OI relative to SM (p = 0.009). Within SM+OI, but not SM, plasma concentrations of GLP-1 and PYY were increased and acyl-ghrelin reduced from pre-exercise to postexercise. EI during the ad libitum breakfast in the morning postexercise tended to be lower in SM+OI (p = 0.087, d = 0.31). Gastrointestinal impacts of OI were apparent with increased ratings of flatulence (p = 0.026, d = 0.57) in participants the morning after the exercise session. Overall, the ingestion of a single dose of OI after an exercise session appears to induce subtle reductions in appetite, although the impact of these changes on acute and prolonged EI remains unclear.
... Numerous previous studies have focused on the benefit of milk consumption during the recovery stage after physical exercise by comparing several types of milk [11], comparing different types of liquids for recovery [12]. Additionally, understanding the advantages of milk in lowering the risk of muscular injury after physical exercise [13], the influence on sleep patterns [14] and appetites [15,16]. This study is relevant since there are still a substantial number of individuals who rely solely on milk consumption as a substitute energy source if they exercise in the morning, but the effect is unknown based on the available literature. ...
Milk consumption is one of the beverages options for the recovery phase. On the basis of the manufacturing procedure, raw and pasteurized cow's milk are distinguished, but no one has investigated the effect of milk consumption on the hemoglobin levels of active people; some studies only analyze the effect of milk consumption on fitness and recovery advantages. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the hemoglobin levels of active adolescents who consumed fresh cow's milk versus pasteurized milk for three consecutive weeks. It is intended that the three-week treatment will have a good effect on hemoglobin levels, hence enhancing physical performance. Methods: Using a quasi-experimental study with a Pretest-Posttest Randomized-Groups Design for three consecutive weeks of milk feeding twice daily per group. Twenty-four university football players were divided into three groups using the approach of purposive sampling: the fresh cow's milk (SSS) group, the pasteurized milk (SP) group, and the mineral water control group (K). The tool utilized to measure body composition is the Karada Scan Body Fat Omron HBF-356, while the Easy Touch GCHb is used to collect data on hemoglobin. Subjects participated voluntarily and were willing to have blood tested through capillaries before, immediately after, and 30 minutes after exercise. The analysis data uses paired t-test and ANOVA calculations to find differences within and between groups. Results: Hemoglobin immediately after exercise (0) in the post-test (three weeks after treatment) increased significantly (0.020 < 0.05) compared to hemoglobin before exercise (-) in the pre-test (before three weeks of intervention) in all three groups (fresh milk, pasteurized milk, and mineral water). Upon further examination, it was determined that there was a highly significant difference in hemoglobin levels (0.010 < 0.05) between fresh cow's milk and pasteurized milk immediately after exercise (0) in the post-test (after three weeks of treatment). In contrast, there were no significant differences (p-value > 0.05) for the remaining calculations, both within and between subgroups.Conclusions: After three consecutive weeks of milk consumption, there was no significant variation in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. To optimize the different elements that can affect the acceleration of the increase in hemoglobin in the blood, it is recommended that further study be conducted to intervene with milk and additional meal intake alongside physical activity.
... Milk-based drinks may offer some benefits, since at rest milk ingestion decreases subsequent energy intake compared to energy-match carbohydrate drinks (Dove et al., 2009). These results were extended to postaerobic exercise (Rumbold, Shaw, James, & Stevenson, 2015). Specifically, a group of female recreational exercisers (N 5 9) completed a cross-over design. ...
Predictive microbiology aims to evaluate the effect of processing, distribution, and storage operations on microbiological food safety. It is based upon the premise that the response of population of microorganisms to environmental factors are reproducible, and that, by characterizing the environment in terms of identifiable, dominant factors controlling growth responses, it is possible, from past observations, to predict the responses of those microorganisms in other, similar environments. Predictive microbiology models represent the microbial responses to the environment. They are based mainly on observations made in synthetic culture media. Models cannot take into account all factors that may affect the microbial growth but select the most influential factors and only model their effects.
The main assumptions of predictive microbiology and risk analysis are discussed in the present chapter. Moreover, the classification of predictive models and application in dairy processing are given. Finally, a case study using the tertiary model Sym’Previus software is presented.
... Milk-based drinks may offer some benefits, since at rest milk ingestion decreases subsequent energy intake compared to energy-match carbohydrate drinks (Dove et al., 2009). These results were extended to postaerobic exercise (Rumbold, Shaw, James, & Stevenson, 2015). Specifically, a group of female recreational exercisers (N 5 9) completed a cross-over design. ...
Beyond the fact that whey is a by-product of cheese-making, it is used in the manufacture of a great number of foods and food ingredients including, but not limited to, fermented and unfermented beverages, semisolid foods, food supplements, pharmaceutical goods, coatings, and so on. During the last decade, whey and whey components have been increasingly used in the manufacture of whey-based beverages. These whey-based beverages are consumed either plain or supplemented with some nutraceutical components and/or probiotics/prebiotics. Whey beverages supplemented with fruit juice, milk or milk permeate, or nutraceutical compounds are estimated to occupy a larger stake in the dairy and functional foods market in the near future. Heat-triggered sedimentation is the major challenge of whey-based beverage industry. To overcome this handicap and protect the nutritional value of whey beverages, nonthermal food processing technologies may well be considered as alternatives to heat treatment.
... Milk-based drinks may offer some benefits, since at rest milk ingestion decreases subsequent energy intake compared to energy-match carbohydrate drinks (Dove et al., 2009). These results were extended to postaerobic exercise (Rumbold, Shaw, James, & Stevenson, 2015). Specifically, a group of female recreational exercisers (N 5 9) completed a cross-over design. ...
Milk and dairy products with their distinct composition of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and micronutrients are purported to have beneficial effects on human health. They have the potential to enhance exercise performance and recovery and are considered functional sport foods/beverages. This chapter summarizes the current evidence regarding the benefits of dairy products on endurance and resistance exercise, as well as the potential to augment health and performance in a variety of populations including team sport athletes, exercising children and adolescents, and aging adults. The impact of dairy products on weight loss and sleep quality is also discussed.
... To date, three laboratory-based studies have examined the effects of protein-containing drinks ingestion on subsequent energy intake in various individuals (3)(4) (5) , with discrepancies in the results. Monteyne, et al. and Rumbold, et al. showed that consuming of a protein-containing drink after exercise reduced energy intake compared with consuming of a carbohydrate-containing drink (3) (4) . Clayton, et al. reported that consuming of a protein-containing drink after exercise reduced energy intake compared with a placebo drink, but did not differ from the carbohydrate-containing drink (5) . ...
... These studies vary in protocols including the amount of protein-containing drink ingested (i.e., 500-600 mL), the type of exercise (resistance exercise and aerobic exercise) and the type of protein-containing drink (whey protein isolate drink, skimmed milk and 6% whey protein isolate drink). Also, only one study clearly reported the drink temperature used in the study (i.e., ~5 °C) (4) . Although the reasons for these discrepancies among studies are unclear, the energy intake might be affected by the drink temperature. ...
... The present study also showed that increased energy intake after consuming protein-containing drink at 60 °C was accompanied by changes in gastric contractions. These findings add new (3)(4)(5) , only one study has specified the temperature of water used in the study (i.e., ~5 °C) (4) . Alternatively, given the well-documented slower rate of gastric emptying and lower energy intake at cold water (i.e., at 2 °C) compared to warm water (i.e., at 37 °C and 60 °C) (10) , the temperature of ingested protein-containing drink may be the proposed reason for the discrepant findings among the studies. ...
The present study examined the effects of different temperatures of protein-containing drink after exercise on subsequent gastric motility and energy intake in healthy young men. Twelve healthy young men completed three, one-day trials in a random order. In all trials, the subjects ran on a treadmill for 30 min at 80% of maximum heart rate. In exercise + cold drink (2 °C) and exercise + hot drink (60 °C) trials, the subjects consumed 300 mL of protein-containing drink (0.34 MJ) at 2 °C or 60 °C over a 5-min period after exercise. In the exercise (i.e., no preload) trial, the subjects sat on a chair for 5 min after exercise. Then, the subjects sat on a chair for 30 min to measure their gastric motility with an ultrasound imaging system in all trials. Thereafter, the subjects consumed a test meal until they felt comfortably full. Energy intake in the exercise + hot drink trial was 14 % and 15 % higher than the exercise (P=0.046, 95% CI: 4.010-482.538) trial and exercise + cold drink (P=0.001, 95% CI: 160.089-517.111) trial, respectively. The frequency of the gastric contractions in the exercise + hot drink trial was higher than the exercise (P=0.023) trial and exercise + cold drink (P=0.007) trial. The total frequency of gastric contractions was positively related to energy intake (r=0.386, P=0.022). These findings demonstrate that consuming protein-containing drink after exercise at 60 °C increases energy intake and that this increase may be related to the modulation of the gastric motility.
... However, the influence of whey protein supplementation following aerobic exercise on subsequent metabolic and appetite responses has received little attention. Reduced ad libitum energy intake has been observed 60 min after milk [33] or whey protein [34] consumption following prior moderate-intensity cycling exercise in recreationally active participants. Whether postprandial metabolic and appetite responses would be influenced by post-exercise whey protein consumption in habitually inactive obese individuals remains unclear. ...
PurposeAcute submaximal exercise and whey protein supplementation have been reported to improve postprandial metabolic and appetite responses to a subsequent meal independently. We aimed to examine the combination of these strategies on postprandial responses to a carbohydrate-rich breakfast.Methods
Twelve centrally obese males (age 41 ± 3 years, waist circumference 123.4 ± 2.9 cm), completed three trials in a single-blind, crossover design. Participants rested for 30 min (CON) or completed 30 min low–moderate-intensity treadmill walking (51 ± 1% \({{\dot{V}O}}_{\text{2peak}}\)) followed immediately by ingestion of 20 g whey protein (EX + PRO) or placebo (EX). After 15 min, a standardised breakfast was consumed and blood, expired gas and subjective appetite were sampled postprandially. After 240 min, an ad libitum lunch meal was provided to assess energy intake.ResultsDuring EX + PRO, post-breakfast peak blood glucose was reduced when compared with EX and CON (EX + PRO: 7.6 ± 0.4 vs EX: 8.4 ± 0.3; CON: 8.3 ± 0.3 mmol l−1, p ≤ 0.04). Early postprandial glucose AUC0–60 min was significantly lower under EX + PRO than EX (p = 0.011), but not CON (p = 0.12). Over the full postprandial period, AUC0–240 min during EX + PRO did not differ from other trials (p > 0.05). Peak plasma insulin concentrations and AUC0–240 min were higher during EX + PRO than CON, but similar to EX. Plasma triglyceride concentrations, substrate oxidation and subjective appetite responses were similar across trials and ad libitum energy intake was not influenced by prior fasted exercise, nor its combination with whey protein supplementation (p > 0.05).Conclusion
Following fasted low–moderate-intensity exercise, consuming whey protein before breakfast may improve postprandial glucose excursions, without influencing appetite or subsequent energy intake, in centrally obese males.Trial registration numberNCT02714309.
... Similarly, Clayton et al. (2014) reported no differences in post-exercise ad libitum energy intake between research participants consuming ~125kcal of protein versus sucrose after an intense aerobic exercise session. In contrast, research in recreational athletes shows increased satiety and reduced absolute, post-exercise ad libitum energy intake with skim milk relative to an isocaloric, post-exercise orange juice beverage (Rumbold et al. 2015). After a resistance training session it was demonstrated that ~100kcal of protein versus dextrose led to reduced ad libitum energy intake (Monteyne et al. 2016). ...
Research demonstrates that exercise acutely reduces appetite by stimulating the secretion of gut-derived satiety hormones. Currently there is a paucity of research examining the impact of postexercise nutrient intake on appetite regulation. The objective of this study was to examine how postexercise fasting versus feeding impacts the postexercise appetite response. In a randomized crossover intervention, 14 participants (body mass index: 26.9 ± 3.5 kg·m ⁻² ; age: 26.8 ± 6.7 years) received 1 of 2 recovery beverages: (i) water control (FAST) or (ii) sweetened-milk (FED) after completing a 45-min (65%–70% peak oxygen uptake) evening exercise session (∼1900 h). Energy intake was assessed through a fasted ad libitum breakfast meal and 3-day food diaries. Perceived appetite was assessed using visual analogue scales. Appetite-regulating hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), and acyl-ghrelin were assessed pre-exercise, 1 h after exercise, and the morning following exercise. FAST increased subjective hunger compared with FED (P < 0.05). PYY and GLP-1 after exercise were decreased and acyl-ghrelin was increased in FAST, with these differences disappearing the day after exercise (P < 0.05). Ad libitum energy intake at breakfast the following morning did not differ between trials. Overall, in the absence of postexercise macronutrient consumption, there was a pronounced increase in objective and subjective appetite after exercise. The orexigenic effects of postexercise fasting, however, were not observed the morning following exercise.
Novelty Postexercise fasting leads to reduced GLP-1 and PYY and increased hunger. Reduced GLP-1 and PYY after exercise is blunted by postexercise nutrient intake. Energy intake the day after exercise is not influenced by postexercise fasting.
... Three studies found no differences in hunger between trials. However, two of these studies provided ad libitum food to participants during the exercise recovery period [29,30,36]. ...
... Three studies investigated the effects of dairy milk or dairy milk-based exercise recovery beverages on ad libitum energy intake. All studies found energy intake from food during the exercise recovery period was significantly less during the dairy milk and (or) MBSB trial when compared with water [30, 35], CRB [36], and CEB trials [30]. However, only two studies observed significantly lower overall energy intake during the recovery time period compared to the water [30] and CRB [36] trials. ...
... All studies found energy intake from food during the exercise recovery period was significantly less during the dairy milk and (or) MBSB trial when compared with water [30, 35], CRB [36], and CEB trials [30]. However, only two studies observed significantly lower overall energy intake during the recovery time period compared to the water [30] and CRB [36] trials. ...
The food and fluid provided in the acute post-exercise period plays an essential role in endurance exercise recovery and adaptation. The current systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to identify and synthesize research that investigated the effect of dairy milk beverages in comparison to alternative post-exercise beverages on markers of 'exercise recovery optimisation', which may influence subsequent endurance exercise performance. Seventeen papers met the inclusion criteria. Quality assessment was undertaken using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. Intervention beverages included fresh dairy milk (n= 3), chocolate flavoured dairy milk (n= 6), dairy milk-based sports beverages (n= 4), or a combination of the aforementioned beverages (n= 4). Results indicate dairy milk enhanced muscle protein synthesis (i.e., mixed fractional synthetic rate: 0.11%/h dairy milk vs. 0.08%/h control), and elicited similar rates of muscle glycogen resynthesis (5.9 mmol/kgWW/h) compared to a carbohydrate replacement beverage (7.6 mmol/kgWW/h). Seven studies investigated the effect of dairy milk beverages on hydration status, three of which found no differences in restoring net fluid balance after consumption of a dairy milk or dairy milk-based beverage compared to a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage and (or) water, when consumed ad libitum. The remaining four studies observed a greater net fluid balance after consumption of a dairy milk or dairy milk-based beverage compared to an isovolumetric dose of a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage and (or) water. To date, no study has investigated the effect of dairy milk consumption after endurance exercise on markers of immune competency or gastrointestinal status. Five studies observed enhanced time-trial or time-to-exhaustion performance (7.4% to 52.4%) with a dairy milk beverage compared to an isocaloric beverage, while another study found no differences. It is concluded that dairy milk may provide either comparable or superior recovery nutrition qualities with regards to muscle protein synthesis, glycogen replenishment, rehydration, and subsequent endurance exercise performance, when compared to non-nutritive, carbohydrate replacement, and (or) carbohydrate-electrolyte alternatives.
