Table 2 - uploaded by Cemal Ercan
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... reformate feed and reaction products were analyzed using an Agilent 6890N GC equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID). The composition of heavy reformate feed, as presented in Table 2, includes about 96 wt.% C9 and 4% C10 aromatics. Among the C9 components, TMBs (55.7 wt.%) and MEBs (34.1 wt.%) were the major constituents. ...
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... Transalkylation of TMB with toluene is also an important process for production of xylene, which is practiced commercially (Serra, Guillon, and Corma 2005;Aitani et al. 2010;Wang et al., 2010). Transalkylation of TMB with toluene with various zeolite catalysts has gained interest recently due to its commercial and environmental benefits like low toxicity, reusability and non hazardous nature of zeolite catalyst (Barman, Pradhan, and Basu 2005;Maity, Seetaram, and Pradhan 2006) . ...
... Large pore zeolites like Mordenite, faujasite Y, SAPO-5 are found to actively catalyze this transalkylation reaction due to their pore size and structure (Dumitriu et al. 2002;Tsai et al. 2002;Al-Khattaf et al. 2007; Krejči et al. 2010). A number of studies reveal that the Si/Al ratio, which varies with the pore size, affects the conversion of reactant and selectivity of the product (Al-Khattaf et al. 2007;Krejči et al. 2010;Wang et al., 2010). Zeolite pore size and geometry were also found to have a direct influence on dealkylation and transalkylation of the different alkyl groups (Serra, Guillon, and Corma 2005). ...
H-beta zeolite was modified by the ion exchange method to replace its H+ ions with Ce4+ ions. The catalytic performance of this cerium exchanged beta zeolite was evaluated for vapor phase transalkylation of 1,2,4 TMB (1,2,4 trimethylbenzene) with toluene for the production of xylene in a fixed bed, down-flow reactor. The modified zeolite was found to be highly active for this transalkylation reaction. The response surface methodology (RSM) is used for designing the experiments. The effect of three important reaction parameters viz. temperature, reactant ratio, and space time on response variables (toluene conversion and xylene selectivity) is studied and discussed. All the three selected reaction parameters were found to be significant for the toluene conversion; whereas, xylene selectivity was not much influenced by the temperature. The optimum values of the reaction parameters predicted by the model (temperature: 409.7°C, reactant ratio: 2.024, and space time: 4.451) were validated by an experimental run. The results of the experimental run were in close agreement with the model predicted results.
Gas phase transalkylation of 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene with toluene was carried out for the production of xylene in a fixed bed reactor at 1 atm pressure over cerium modified NaX zeolites. The modified zeolites were characterized by Energy Dispersive Spectra, X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The acidic properties of metal modified zeolites were studied using Temperature Programmed Desorption profile of ammonia. The effect of various parameters like cerium content, catalyst loading, temperature, reactant mole ratio and space time were investigated to select the optimum process conditions to maximise the specific product of transalkylation. NaX zeolite modified with cerium exhibited higher activity and stability than the unmodified zeolite in time-on-stream study. Maximum toluene conversion of 44.96% and xylene selectivity of 55.13% were obtained over CeX10 (X zeolite exchanged with 10% ceric ammonium nitrate solution) at 723 K, reactant mole ratio 2.5, space time 4.44 kg h/kmol. Experimental data was fitted in LHHW model based on dual site, single site and stoichiometric equations. Kinetic and adsorption parameters for toluene conversion were calculated using non-linear regression. The activation energy for this transalkylation reaction was found to be 60.3 kJ/mol.
