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Male obesity is associated with reduced sperm motility and morphology and increased sperm DNA damage and oxidative stress; however, the reversibility of these phenotypes has never been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the reversibility of obesity and its associated sperm physiology and function in mice in response to weight l...
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... male C57BL6 mice (n 40) were randomly assigned to one of two diets for an initial period of 10 wk: 1) control diet (CD) low in fat (Table 1; SF04-057; Specialty Feeds, Perth, Australia) or 2) a high-fat diet (HFD) high in fat and nutrient matched (Table 1; SF00-219; Specialty Feeds). Diets used in the study were previously shown to increase adiposity (10,13,55,63). ...
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... male C57BL6 mice (n 40) were randomly assigned to one of two diets for an initial period of 10 wk: 1) control diet (CD) low in fat (Table 1; SF04-057; Specialty Feeds, Perth, Australia) or 2) a high-fat diet (HFD) high in fat and nutrient matched (Table 1; SF00-219; Specialty Feeds). Diets used in the study were previously shown to increase adiposity (10,13,55,63). ...
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Citations
... Furthermore, obesity is thought to be a systemic chronic inflammatory response resulted from adipocyte dysfunction [6]. Chronic inflammation caused by obesity can lead to decreased sperm motility, morphological defects, and DNA damage when inflammatory factors in semen increase [7,8]. ...
... Both the ND and HFD were supplied by Research Diets, Inc. Following an 8-week feeding period, mice with a body weight surpassing 120% of the average weight of the N group were deemed to satisfy the requirements for an obesity animal model [8]. Mice that fulfilled these criteria were further categorized based on their body weight and randomly assigned to one of four groups: Obesity model group (M, n = 10); Metformin (Yiling pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Shijiazhuang, China; Catalog No. A2209016) group (Met, n = 10); DNJ low-dose group (DL, n = 10); and DNJ high-dose group (DH, n = 10). ...
... Sperm motility was graded as follows: grade 0-immotile; grade I-non-progressive or spinning in place; grade II-slow forward movement or forward rotation; grade III-rapid forward movement in an arc; and grade IV-rapid straight forward movement. Sperm motility (%) was calculated as (III + IV)/(0 + I + II + III + IV) × 100% [8]. ...
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation that affects various organs in the body, including the reproductive system, which is a key factor in male infertility. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) is a natural alkaloid in mulberry leaves, which has anti-inflammatory capabilities, yet, it’s effects on obesity-induced inflammation-related male infertility remain unclear. Therefore, this research investigates the underlying mechanism by which 1-DNJ may mitigate fertility impairment in male mice caused by obesity-related inflammation. Male mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity were treated with 1-DNJ or metformin for 8 weeks. Metabolic profiles were evaluated by enzyme method. Reproductive capacity was assessed by sperm viability, motility and counts, immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the testicular damage caused by obesity and inflammation. The inflammation was assessed by measuring the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). The activation of IκB kinase β (IKKβ) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was examined using western blot and immunohistochemistry. HFD induced obesity in mice with obvious lipid metabolism disorder. The obese male mice had a decreased testosterone level, impaired sperm motility, and increased inflammatory factors. 1-DNJ treatment improved the testosterone level in the obese mice, ameliorated the testicular structure damage and improve sperm viability. In addition, 1-DNJ treatment inhibited IKKβ/NF-kB signaling pathway and reduced inflammation in obese mice. 1-DNJ can improve the fertility of obese men by reducing obesity as well as obesity-induced inflammation. These findings provide new insights for 1-DNJ to alleviate inflammation caused by obesity and provide future possibilities for treating male infertility.
... 138,139] . 高脂饮食, 尤其是饱和脂肪和反式脂肪的饮 食, 与肥胖、代谢综合征和胃肠道疾病密切相关. 研究 表明, 摄入富含有多不饱和脂肪(如Ω-3, Ω-6和Ω-9)的 ...
... The mice were further divided into four groups, each receiving one of the following interventions for 8 weeks: (1) continuation of HFD, (2) change to a low-fat diet (LFD), (3) continuation of HFD with exercise, (4) change to LFD with exercise. 119 The results showed that diet alone reduced adiposity (1.6-fold) and serum cholesterol levels (1.7-fold, P < 0.05), while exercise alone did not change them. Interestingly, the diet and/or exercise improved sperm quantity and quality, and reduced ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential, while the exercise combined with an LFD also improved glucose tolerance. ...
... Interestingly, the diet and/or exercise improved sperm quantity and quality, and reduced ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential, while the exercise combined with an LFD also improved glucose tolerance. 119 When energy intake is inadequate, male fertility is also affected. 120 After the Wistar rats were fed for 28 days with 30% less of the standard chow diet than the control group, the researchers collected their plasma and testes. ...
The incidence of male infertility (MI) is rising annually. According to epidemiological studies, environmental pollution (e.g., organic, inorganic, and air pollutants), occupational exposure (e.g., high temperature, organic solvents, and pesticides), and poor lifestyle (e.g., diet, sleep, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise) are important non-genetic causative factors of MI. Due to multiple and complex causative factors, the dose-effect relationship, and the uncertainty of pathogenicity, the pathogenesis of MI is far from fully clarified. Recent data show that the pathogenesis of MI can be monitored by the metabolites in serum, seminal plasma, urine, testicular tissue, sperm, and other biological samples. It is considered that these metabolites are closely related to MI phenotypes and can directly reflect the individual pathological and physiological conditions. Therefore, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the metabolome, the related metabolic pathways, and the identification of biomarkers will help to explore the MI-related metabolic problems and provide valuable insights into its pathogenic mechanisms. Here, we summarized new findings in MI metabolomics biomarkers research and their abnormal metabolic pathways triggered by the presented non-genetic risk factors, providing a metabolic landscape of semen and seminal plasma in general MI patients. Then, we compared the similarities and differences in semen and seminal plasma biomarkers between MI patients exposed to environmental and poor lifestyle factors and MI patients in general, and summarized some common biomarkers. We provide a better understanding of the biological underpinnings of MI pathogenesis, which might offer novel diagnostic, prognostic, and precise treatment approaches to MI.
... In contrast to high-calorie diet regimens, the intake of low-calorie diets leads to short-term weight loss in obese individuals, as well as improved glucose control and lipid metabolism 13,14 . Additionally, some evidence suggests that weight loss through exercise, lifestyle changes, or surgery can improve serum testosterone levels and sperm counts, aiding male fertility 15,16 . In several prospective studies and randomised controlled trials, weight loss through low-calorie or low-fat diets increased erectile function and testosterone levels in men [17][18][19] . ...
... Obesity and being overweight are associated with low fertility 4,36,37 . Additionally, a convincing association exists between dietary patterns and male fertility, with a low-fat diet benefitting erectile dysfunction and increasing testosterone levels in obese men 15,16 . Calorie and fat restriction is an effective and popular way to reduce www.nature.com/scientificreports/ ...
Obesity is a prominent risk factor for male infertility, and a high-fat diet is an important cause of obesity. Therefore, diet control can reduce body weight and regulate blood glucose and lipids, but it remains unclear whether it can improve male fertility and its mechanism. This study explores the effects of switching from a high-fat diet (HFD) to a normal diet (ND) on the fertility potential of obese male mice and its related mechanisms. In our study, male mice were separated into three groups: normal diet group (NN), continuous high-fat diet group (HH), and return to normal diet group (HN). The reproductive potential of mice was tested through cohabitation. Enzymatic methods and ELISA assays were used to measure metabolic indicators, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and intratesticular testosterone levels. Transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence with biotin tracers assessed the integrity of the blood-testis barrier (BTB). Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were inspected for the assessment of oxidative stress. The expression and localization of BTB-related proteins were detected through the immunoblot and immunofluorescence. The mice in the high-fat diet group indicated increased body weight and epididymal fat weight, elevated serum TC, HDL, LDL, and glucose, decreased serum FSH, and dramatic lipid deposition in the testicular interstitium. Analysis of fertility potential revealed that the fertility rate of female mice and the number of pups per litter in the HH group were significantly reduced. After the fat intake was controlled by switching to a normal diet, body weight and epididymal fat weight were significantly reduced, serum glucose and lipid levels were lowered, serum FSH level was elevated and the deposition of interstitial lipids in the testicles was also decreased. Most significantly, the number of offspring of male mice returning to a normal diet was significantly increased. Following further mechanistic analysis, the mice in the sustained high-fat diet group had disrupted testicular BTB integrity, elevated levels of oxidative stress, and abnormal expression of BTB-related proteins, whereas the restoration of the normal diet significantly ameliorated the above indicators in the mice. Our study confirms diet control by switching from a high-fat diet to a normal diet can effectively reduce body weight, ameliorate testicular lipotoxicity and BTB integrity in male mice, and improve fertility potential, providing an effective treatment option for obese male infertility.
... Furthermore, in male mice, the negative effects of a 19-week HFD intervention started during adolescence on fasting glucose and glucose tolerance could not be reversed by a subsequent 13-week voluntary running exercise intervention with continued HFD access (Griffin et al., 2020). It is possible that ceasing intake of a HFD is important for the beneficial effects of exercise, which has been investigated by Palmer et al. (2012). However, in their study, 4 weeks of exercise during adulthood reduced fasting glucose in male mice fed a HFD from adolescence, which was not aided by cessation of a HFD. ...
Adolescence is a period of biological, psychological and social changes, and the peak time for the emergence of mental health problems. During this life stage, brain plasticity including hippocampal neurogenesis is increased, which is crucial for cognitive functions and regulation of emotional responses. The hippocampus is especially susceptible to environmental and lifestyle influences, mediated by changes in physiological systems, resulting in enhanced brain plasticity but also an elevated risk for developing mental health problems. Indeed, adolescence is accompanied by increased activation of the maturing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, sensitivity to metabolic changes due to increased nutritional needs and hormonal changes, and gut microbiota maturation. Importantly, dietary habits and levels of physical activity significantly impact these systems. In this review, the interactions between exercise and Western-style diets, which are high in fat and sugar, on adolescent stress susceptibility, metabolism and the gut microbiota are explored. We provide an overview of current knowledge on implications of these interactions for hippocampal function and adolescent mental health, and speculate on potential mechanisms which require further investigation.
... improved dNA damage, morphology, motility, oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential of sperms after exercise and diet interventions are caused by normalization of plasma levels of glucose, insulin, FFA, lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol) in rats with obesity induced by high fat diet [34]. ...
Introduction
Obesity, sedentarism, and insulin resistance are strongly associated with increased deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation index (DFI) of sperms, reduced total testosterone (TT), and low semen quality, which can be prevented by lifestyle modification. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 14-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on serum TT, semen parameters, and DFI in centrally obese men with hyperglycaemia.
Methods
Overall, 40 men aged 26–39 years with waist circumference (WC) > 102 cm, body mass index (BMI) limited from 30 to 34.9 kg/m2, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of 100–125 mg/dl were assigned to the study and control groups. The study group ( n = 20) received supervised 14-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on a treadmill for 40 minutes, 3 times weekly, in addition to 1-hour home walking (on the alternative days of aerobic exercise), while the control group ( n = 20) received general advice on increasing physical activity.
Results
In the study group, exercise significantly improved BMI, WC, FBG, serum TT, sperm DFI, and semen parameters, including motility (progressive and static) and morphology ( p < 0.05), while the volume and count of semen showed no significant difference. The control group presented no significant changes.
Conclusions
The deteriorating effect of central adiposity, hyperglycaemia, and sedentarism on semen quality and nuclear damage of sperms (assessed by DFI) is prevented or counteracted by increased exercise-induced TT production, resulting from decreased BMI, FBG, and WC.
... The association between the last tertile of HEI score with sperm concentration was not significant in the crude and first adjusted model (OR: 0.55 and CI: 0.28, 1.08, p = 0.08 and OR: 0.52 and CI: 0.26, 1.05, p = 0.07), but a protective association was seen in the full adjusted model (OR: 0.39 and CI: 0.15, 0.99, p = 0.04), which means that participants in the highest tertile of HEI score had 61% lower risk for abnormal sperm concentration than those in the last tertile. Obesity and overweight in men can affect both the molecular and physical structure of sperm and disrupt their reproductive ability (33). Therefore, anthropometric indexes can also be an important and effective factor in the quality of sperm and are better to be measured than dietary patterns. ...
Background:
Infertility has been a major problem for young couples in recent years. One way to assay the diet quality is the healthy eating index (HEI), related to infertility.
Objective:
This study aims to assess the association between the HEI score with semen parameters in Iranian infertile men.
Materials and methods:
Two hundred and sixty eligible men (18-55 yr), were referred to the major infertility clinic in the summer of 2018 and entered this cross-sectional study. Based on the 5 th edition of the world health organization laboratory manual, semen parameters including sperm concentration, volume, motility, and morphology were analyzed, and to specify the dietary intake of individuals a 168-item questionnaire was used. Also, to calculate the total HEI score, all 13 components based on HEI-2015 components and scoring standards were summed up.
Results:
Participants in the highest tertile, had no difference in mean sperm parameters with those in the lowest tertile in the crude model. No significant association was found between sperm parameters and HEI score tertiles in the crude model, even after adjustment for potential confounders, except for concentration (OR: 0.39 and CI: 0.15, 0.99, p = 0.04). Participants in the highest tertile had a lower risk of abnormal concentration and motility in the crude model. The risk of abnormal concentration decreased, and motility increased in the adjusted model.
Conclusion:
In this cross-sectional study, there was no significant relationship between HEI and sperm indexes, except for sperm concentration. Therefore, more studies need to be done in the future.
... According to Du Plessis et al. [10], Liu and Ding [20] changes, such as induced sleep apnea, alterations in the hormonal profiles (reduced inhibin B and androgen levels, elevated estrogen levels) and increased scrotal temperatures were expressed as impaired sperm parameters (decreased total sperm count, concentration and motility; increased DNA fragmentation index). Hakonsen et al. [14] and Palmer et al. [32] stated that that weight loss, lifestyle changes or bariatric surgery, can efficiently result in increased serum testosterone levels and sperm count, suggesting benefits for a possible weight loss on male fertility. Moreover, clinicians should consider the men obesity before applying assisted reproduction. ...
Obesity is associated with significant disturbance in the hormonal status that can affect the reproductive system. In recent decades, an increasing interest in related to the association between high BMI levels, obesity and decreased sperm quality, which could also lead to a decrease in male reproductive potential. The aim of the present work is to identify the basic mechanisms of impaired sperm quality due to overweight and obesity. Sedentary lifestyle and work, as well as age of men are defined as possible ways to elevated BMI levels. Both inflammation and oxidative stress (as related pathophysiological processes) are considered as basic mechanisms, which could be found in the pathogenesis of male infertility caused by high BMI levels and obesity.
... Each cage housed 3 mice with free access to food and water. The mice on HFD were considered to meet the criterion of obese mouse model when they consequently gained a body weight greater than 20% of that of ND mice (32). Body weight of all animals was acclimated once every two weeks. ...
Objective
Obesity is common in highland areas owing to lifestyle alterations. There are pieces of evidence to suggest that both obesity and hypoxia may promote oxidative stress, leading to hypogonadism in males. These findings indicate an increased risk of hypogonadism in obese males following hypoxia exposure. However, the mechanisms underlying the disease process remain unclear. The current study aims to explore the mechanism of testosterone production dysfunction in obese male mice exposed to a chronic high-altitude hypoxia environment.
Methods
An obese male mouse model was generated by inducing obesity in mice via a high-fat diet for 14 weeks, and the obese mice were then exposed to a high-altitude hypoxia environment for 24 days. Sera and testicular tissues were collected to detect serum lipids, sex hormone level, and testicular oxidative stress indicators. Morphological examination was performed to assess pathological alterations in testicular tissues and suborganelles in leydig cells. Proteomic alterations in testicular tissues were investigated using quantitative proteomics in Obese/Control and Obese-Hypoxia/Obese groups.
Results
The results showed that chronic high-altitude hypoxia exposure aggravated low testosterone production in obese male mice accompanied by increased testicular oxidative stress and histological damages. In total, 363 and 242 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the two comparison groups, Obese/Control and Obese-Hypoxia/Obese, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that several significant functional terms and pathways related to testosterone production were altered in the two comparison groups. These included cholesterol metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, oxidative stress responses, as well as retinol metabolism. Finally, 10 representative DEPs were selected for parallel reaction monitoring verification. Among them, StAR, DHCR7, NSDHL, CYP51A1, FDPS, FDX1, CYP11A1, ALDH1A1, and GPX3 were confirmed to be downregulated in the two groups.
Conclusions
Chronic hypoxia exposure could exacerbate low testosterone production in obese male mice by influencing the expression of key proteins involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol biosynthesis, oxidative stress responses and retinol metabolism.
... Studies of mice have the reported beneficial effects of paternal dietary intervention for the metabolic and reproductive health of offspring [170,171]. Likewise, preconceptional exercise, alone or in combination with a dietary intervention, improved metabolic health in obese male mice and positively affected offspring embryonic development [172], adult metabolic health (in particular, body composition and lipid homeostasis) [173], and reproductive health [170,174]. ...
While a dramatic increase in obesity and related comorbidities is being witnessed, the underlying mechanisms of their spread remain unresolved. Epigenetic and other non-genetic mechanisms tend to be prominent candidates involved in the establishment and transmission of obesity and associated metabolic disorders to offspring. Here, we review recent findings addressing those candidates, in the context of maternal and paternal influences, and discuss the effectiveness of preventive measures.
